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496 CH RO NOLOGICAL A R R A N G EM E N T
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mducing inflammation — may be compared with this reedy grass : M. ccerulea was observed bv Sib
oip growing among heath near .Constantinople. Westward, is termed “ gramen paniculatum autum
Gastrideum lendigerum of tlie Mediterranean countries and middle Europe. Called in Britain
Prior) : the * A A A P I C of Dioscorides. two palms high with slen d eru sek sfro U s Z »
aUndd ZwitÎh ' Htl ie bruised plant relievin"g" fip faiiLne itnh otshee obfl aZd €d eAr .C—, imts esneteiodns eodb laolnsog wbhyi tGe aalse nla rfgned a sPlnauillluest
Ae ineta may be compared ; G. lenciigerum was observecl by Sibthorp in tlie sand o f’tlie seashore
of Asia Minor; by Gittard, in the Peloponnesus (Chaub.) ; by Delile. on the / e d L ir a t a n / dUr
of Egypt near Alexandria. Westward, the “ phalaris ” is described / Pliny fxvii 102 asU a v U /
nl seeds like “ sesam ae:” G. lendigerum is described by Plukenet aim'
t i- '0 0 ;® panicum serotinum arvense spica pyramidata ” by Tournefort inst c it “ a»rost!s
ZSNN. «+“ + + 7 “" “ “ tt
T X T " ' r b + s s '
i . “ ' “ " tt Oh ,he L .w „ s.. L .w „ .c . ,o S . « io N .w E„g,„ / + + + , ; S S ' i
» + + + + + ? . + £ , ‘ ” + Y + t t h i . g p „ , t a C .IM i . Brhoi.
CKO A n n c‘ M +AP0I LinU -lli.kipe ffrko nd7s Vbu t7 ] ,arg6er0 rroXugIliTerI aCn:d€ mToerPe Ade eh]aflvyi ningc iascecdo, r—di nisg retofe rDreido shceorreid beys
wruera A. lonchitis was observed by Sibthorp, and Fraas, from the mounteins of Crete to the Bithy
0 ‘0 ■ toghitis ëtëra” or “ loghitin trahëian” is identified in the Syn D ios!
w 1 the loggina or ‘ kalavrina ” of the Romans : A. lonchitis is de.scribed by Matthioli p 666
thhror u/gZho ut m"■i d\dTle El u rope as far as Brit”a ifnt« ( Engl. bot. pl 797- 53a8n id "L" fein Nz) known t o / Z in Ita y and
of middle Europe. The A r A P I K 0 N : 9 H A Y distinguished by Dioscorides
by having vvitinn straight lamellæ, — is referred here by Sprengel: the agaricon “ feilin a” is men
b7 t , : + 2 " L T ,+ s p 7 ,g ' r " " ” ““ " t a " tt“ ”“ ' “ta '• ■” «“ ”» “ ta r o
kôn f â T T “ /« . of middle Europe. Regarded by Sprengel as perhaps included in the “ a»ari-
fr I l k D ioscondes : A. ostreafus is described by Jacquin ; is known to grow in middle Eur"one and like the preceding on oaks and beeches (Sprenv) m miaaie nurope,
Cr I1 OnNf : Zn ATA T/ YT oTf D/io *s®c o n d e s -°ifst ‘rfte®f eMrr'e=df ifhi^erree abkya nS panredn Ngeolr, tahn Ad tFlarnataics.: ZT. hpea v*o Yn iKa 0w Ca s■ o0b Ase Ar vAe dC
a£ndd bhy™ Dn ehl-ll e, nearZ AUlex and?r'■ia«’ ifnt™ E;g y‘fpt®t . KeWlopesotnwnaersdu,s itsh rtoerumgheodu t“ tfl.i em Garrieteimk uissl agnadllso -apsa fvaorn aiss IDmenrnosa s•
referens by Tournefort inst. 568; was observed by Forskal near Marseilles" is L o w n 10 / 0 /
throughout the Mediterranean (Bory), and as far North in the Atlantic as B r ita in T Ë n g lr tZ
of the coasts of the Mediterranean. T h e * Y K O C - 0 AAACCION
fostinguished by D ioscondes as oblong and * 0 I N I C C 0 N r e d ,- is referred here by Spren»el •
Z ed lZ a n e V n ' by Lamouroux, and Turner; and according to Sprengel, is not rare in"the
Gardenm luctda of Tropical Hindustan. Its resin called by the Arabs at Bombay “ kunkham ”
^ ird w ood 44, 269, and J. F. Wats, index) ; in which we recognize the KATKAMON clescribed by
D ioscondes as the exudation of an Arabian tree, in some measure resembling myrrh ;- a n d nie itToned
by P lm y ^ i. ^ as brought by tlie Nabathean Arabs to the Mediterranean"countriés. G Ir c " s
observed rn Hindustan by Roxburgh, and W ight ; and is described by Graham as “ a lar'»e s Z b T r
small tree, in gardens Bombay, grows wiid on Elephanta, Kennery jungles, S. M. country TLaw) ” and
Afsu trrnainshspeso rttheed gtuom E cuarlolepde , ‘ ddeesccarmibaeldee b.’ y” PlFuakretnheert pEla. s3t6, 7e numerated by Mason as “ exotic^ in JB^uurrmmaahn .
of Tropical Hindustan. An elegant Clusioid tree called in Sanscrit “ canchana”
or “ chainpeya” or “ cesara” or “ nagacesara” (W . Jones), in Bengalee “ nagkushur,” in Malabar
“ belutta-champagam ” (D rur.), in the environs of Bombay “ nag chumpa” (Graham) ; and the N A C
K A *0 ON or NAPKA4>0 ON of Dioscorides, imported from India on account of its fragrance, mixed
in perfumes, and employed medicinally, — may be compared. Eastward, M. ferrea is sacred in Hindu
mythology (Mason v. 401), and in the Naishadha poem, Cama is whetting his arrows on an alabaster
wheel compared to a “ nagacesara” flower (W. Jones as. res. iv, 295) ; the “ kesara” is mentioned by
Dhanvantari (Susrut. sutr. 37), and Kalidasa kum. iii. 55; and flowers of the “ mesua,” by Vaimiki
ramayan. vi. 96 (transl. Gorr.) : M. ferrea was observed by Rheede iii. pl. 53 in Malabar ; by Nimmo,
and Graham, in the environs of Bombay, the flowers “ regularly picked as they expand for sale in thé
bazar, and preserve their fragrance even when dried ; ” by Burmann, Roxburgh, and Wight, in other
parts of Flindustan, the dried flowers “ used for perfuming ointment,” employed also “ medicinally”
(Drur.). Farther East, was observed by Wallich in Burmah, by Mason “ exotic” there, the dried
anthers according to Drury stuffed in pillows ; is described also by Rumphius vii. pl. 2 ; and is known
to be much cultivated on Java (Drur.).
“ 64 A. D. = 7lh year of the ‘ young-ping ’ of Ming-ti ” (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the
Forty-sixth cycle.
“ The same year” (the Tching-tseu-thong, Khang-pi, and Pauth. 256 and 490), by the emperor
u\ng-t], Budhism or the “ religion of F o ” introduced from Hindustan into China. — The new religion
“ was not fully established till A. D. 310” (D e Guignes, and Elphinst. ii. 4) ; but at the present day,
includes “ at least half of the population of China.”
Ptychotis involucrata of Northern Hindustan. An Umbelliferous plant called there “ aneeson,”
in Bengal “ chanoo ” or “ raahooni ” (Lindl.), and known from early times : — observed by Royle, used
as a substitute for parsley by resident Europeans.
Ferula hooshee of Eastern Persia. The gum called in Beloochistan “ hooshee,” long known
though not collected,* — according to Mrs. Macneill resembles opoponax and is produced by a plant in
size and appearance like F. asafoetida; is also described as resembling opoponax by Royle ill. p. 231.
The plant according to Lindley “ has a distinct smell of asafoetida.”
* Polygala crotalarioides of Nepal. Shrubby, decumbent, the stems branching from the base ; and
from eariy times, the root employed by the hill-people to cure snake-bites : — sent by Colvin to Royle
him.; but according to Buchanan, Wallich pL as. rar., and Drury, the plant is “ common on the
Flimalaya.” From transported specimens, described by Decandolle prodr. i. 327 (Lindl.).
Brucea [Nima) quassioides of Nepal and the Himalayas. A woody Simaruboid plant, its bark
exported from^ early times — and sold in Bengal under the name of “ bharangi; ” its root also according
to Royle ill. p. 158 bitter as quassia: described by Buchanan, and Don prodr. 248 (Lindl., and
Xantlioxylum alatum of the mountainous district North of Bengal as far as Nepal. A low tree
called in Hindustanee “ durmur” (Lindl.), and from early times an aromatic essential oil procured
f(rDomru rI.t) . by the natives:— observed by Roxburgh, and known to grow “ in Rohilcund and O ude”
Cerasus capricida of Nepal. A species of w ild cherry known tliere from early times from being
so poisonous as to kill goats : — described by Don prodr. 239, and Wallich cat, 718 (Lindl.).
Cucumis H ardw ickii oi the lower portion of the Himalayas. Climbing, called there “ puharee
indrayun” hill colocyntli (Lindl ), and from early tim es: — observed by Royle, its fruit two to three
inches long and about half as broad, very bitter and in quality similar to colocynth. (See CitruUus
pseudo-colocynthis)
Luffa? bindaal of Northern Hindustan. A climbing Cucurbitaceous plant, from early times
regarded there as a powerful drastic in cases of dropsy : — observed by Roxburgh iii. 717, and Royle,
Its “ fruit round, echinate with long firm straight ciliate bristles ” (L indl.: see Cucumis ? prophetarum)!
Ptychotis sylvestris of Northern Hindustan. Called there “ arub ajwain” (L indl.), and long
Known as an Indian carm inative:— observed by Royle. ^
Carum nigrnm of Central Asia. A species of w ild caraway, from early times imported into
H(Lmmdduls.)t.an as a carminative — and called “ zeera seeah : ” found by Royle brought “ from Kunawur”
Gentiana kurroo of the Himalaya mountains. Its root from early times in Northern Hindustan
uHsiemd ahlakyea s (Lindl.)—. observed by Royle ill. pi. 68 at Mussooree, Simla, and in other parts of the
^ Picrorhiza kurroo of the Himalaya mountains. A low Rhinanthaceous perennial, its intensely
bitter root from early times used medicinally; — observed by Royle ill. pl. 71, and Wallich cat. 404 at
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