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The Li-ki, or Chinese Ritual,* is regarded as belonging to the “ Tenth century B. C.” — (A. Dec.).
One hundred and first generation. Sept. ist, 934, mostly beyond youth : the prophet Jehu ( i K.
xvi, and 2 Chron. xix. i and xx. 34).
932 B. C. ( = 941 — “ 9 years ” of Phoenician annals in Menand. Ephes., and Jos. c. A.), Aserymus
slain, and succeeded as king at Tyre by his brother Pheles ; forty-nine ( = “ 50 — o y. 8 mo ” ) years
old, and who reigned “ eight months.”
931 B. C. ( = 1071 — “ 80 — 60 years ” of Philochorus, Eratosth., Aristarch., and Apollod. =
776 -)- “ 267 years ” of Castor — 56 — 56, and “ in the archonship of Acastus ” at Athens, Cast, in
Euseb. i. p. 131), the Ionic Migration. Colonists principally from Attica led by Neleus son of
Codrus into Asia Minor; where they founded the cities of Ephesus, Miletus, and Teos, adopting
however the worship of Diana anciently established “ by the Amazons,” and the other deities of the
country. (The date is confirmed by Mimnermus, and by the silence of Homer respecting the
Ionian cities of Asia ; the addition to the Second book of the Iliad being clearly by a later poet). —
During the next few years, other cities were built or occupied by the Greek colonists, as Smyrna,
Colophon, Erythrm, and Phocaea.
The same year ( = 932 — “ 8 months” of Phoenician annals in Menand. Ephes., and Jos. c. A.),
at Tyre, Pheles slain and succeeded as king by a priest of Astarte or Ashtoreth named Eithobalus ;
aged (“ 68 — 32 ” =:) thirty-six, — and who reigned “ thirty-two ” years.
“ In the reign of Eurypon” or Eurytion, son of Sous and third Proclid king at Sparta, “ a long
war against the Arcadians of Mantinea; ” who were living “ under a popular government ” — (Aristot.
rep. ii. 6. 8, and Polyaen. ii. 13 ; see also Simonid., Herodot., Pausan. iii. 7. i, and Plut. lyc. 2).
927 B. C. ( = 949 y. 25o||-§^ d. — “ 24 years ” of twelve lunations of i K. xv. 33), Baasha suc-
„ ceeded by his son Elah, fourth king of Israel.
925 B. C. ( = 926 y. I4b5>^y d. — “ 2 years ” of twelve lunations of I K. xvi. 8 to 24), Elah slain
and succeeded by Zimri; who, after reigning “ seven days in Tirzah,” was himself slain and succeeded
by Omri, sixth king of Israel.
923 B. C. = “ 24th of Choiak in the 15th year of Osarkon I I .,” an eclipse of the moon expected
or happened — (inscript. by his successor, and Birch).
g ig B. C. (= 9 2 4 y. i5 7 | | f d. — “ 6 y e a r s ” of twelve lunations of i K. xvi. 23), the city of
Samaria founded by Omri, for a new seat of government.
In th e . Peloponnesus,-the Cynurians, a remnant of the Pela.sgians and lonians, subdued by
Echestratus son of Agis and one of the two kings of S p arta ; the third in the Agid line — (Pausan. iii.
2. 2 to 7. 2, see also Herodot. viii. 73).
“ 918 B. C.” (Hieronym. and Clint, i. p. 23, Diodorus’ numbers giving 1169 — “ 92 — 85 — 79
years ” = 913), “ Fourth ” change in naval dominion; leaving the Thracians, the “ Empire of the
sea ” acquired by the Rhodians. — Held by them “ twenty-three ” years.
Hardly earlier than this date (Graha Munjari tables, Puranas, and Bentley as. res. viii. 244),
Medhatithi reigning in Hindustan.
917 B. C. = “ 23d year of Osarkon I I .,” death of an Apis or sacred bull; the latest
date in his reign found on the monuments — (Leps. k. tab. p. 19, and Birch).
The accession therefore of Sesonk I I ., fifth king of the Twenty-second dynasty, not
earlier than this date. His name occurs on contemporaneous monuments — (Leps.
• k. pl. 45)■
The same year ( = 949 — “ i — 31 ye ars ” of Apollod., Diodor., and Euseb. i. p. 166), and “ not
long after the conquest of Cynuria” (Pausan. iii. 2. 2), Echestratus succeeded by
Labotas as one of the two kings at Sparta; the fourth in the Agid line.
915 B. C. ( = 939 y. 8 mo. — “ 25 years ” of the Afr.-Maneth. table), accession of
Takil6this, sixth king of the Twenty-second dynasty. The name of king Takelut II.
occurs at Karnak, and on a tablet — now in Turin (Glid. analect.).
While the Rhodians held the sea, “ Elpias ” (towards the Southeastern extremity of Italy)
founded by them and the C oan s; and by themselves unaided, “ Partlfenopcn ” (Naples), and
“ Rothon’'’ (beyond the mouth of the Rhone) : also according to some accounts, they colonized the
* Amygdalus Sinensis of China. The scarlet-flowered peach is clearly a distinct species ; and
the “ ta o ” of the Chinese Ritual — (A. De c.), and Book of Odes, quoted by Khoung-tseu ta hio ix.
6, may be compared. Eastward, the “ ta o ” as appears from tlie Japanese Encyclopedia Ixxxvi. 7
was brought from China to Japan; the “ to o ” or “ momu” was seen by Kaempfer v. 798 in Japan,
and with var. “ flore rubro pleno ” is according to Thunberg planted in almost every garden “ ob
elegantiam florum.” By European colonists, A. Sinensis was carried to Australia, and a tree observed
in a garden there was said to produce fruit of good quality.
“ Gumnesias” or Balearic Islands (Strab. xiv. 2. 10). The Rhodians were skilled in the use of the
s lin g— {flW. Ital. iii. 364) : butin this particular their reputation was eventually eclipsed by the Balearic
Islanders (see Lycophr., Diodor., Flor., and others).
913 B. C. ( = 924 y. i6 o || d .— “ 12 years ” of twelve lunations of i K. xvi. 23 to 31), Omri
succeeded by his son Ahab, seventh king of Israel. Who married Jezebel, daughter of Eithobalus or
“ Ethbaal, king of the Zidonians ”
Cuscuta Europæa of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain dodder (Prior),
in Egypt “ hamoul” (Del.) ; the “ hamul elkattan of E g y p t ” is identified by Ebn Baitar with the
“ kuschut,” and the + 1 0 M r P ktsyowd of Psalm xiv. 8 — may be compared: “ keschut ” seeds
imported from Syria and taken internally as a cosmetic, especially by the Jews, were seen in Egypt
by Forskal mat. med. ; the living C. Europæa was observed by him, and Delile, around Cairo, and
by Hasselquist in Palestine. Northward and Westward, is described by Linnæus ; is termed “ c.
vulgaris ” by Persoon, “ c. major ” by Decandolle (Steud.) ; is known to grow in middle Europe and
as far as Denmark (Thuil., Lam. fl. fr., Engl. bot. pl. 378, and fl. Dan. pl. 199).
Cuscuta epilinum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Germany “ flachsseide ”
(Grieb, and Fraas), and from the name given by Ebn Baitar perhaps the species in question : — the
“ angina lini ” is mentioned by Pliny xvi. 44 : C. epilinum is described by Weihe; but in the absence
of flax crops, was not seen by Fraas in Greece. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast
America, where it was observed by Engelmann “ sparingly introduced with flax-seed into the Northern
States.”
Cuscuta monogyna of the East Mediterranean countries. Possibly the species in question : —
the “ kathutas ” is described by Theophrastus caus. ii. 17. 3 as a little Syrian herb growing upon trees,
thorns, and other plants ; twining around them, according to Pliny xvi. 92 : a species of Cuscuta is
distinctly described by Serapion (according to F. Adams) ; “ cuscuta ” seeds from the Thebaid are
distinguished by Forskal mat. med.; and the living C. monogyna was observed by Berthe in gardens
not far from Gizeh. Farther North, is termed “ c. orientalis viticulis crassissimis convolvuli fructu ”
by Tournefort cor. 45 ; and was observed by Sibthorp on tamarisks near Smyrna.
912 B. C. (= 9 5 2 y. 3S7j^d. — “ 41 y e a r s ” of i K. xv. 10), Asa succeeded at Jerusalem by his
son Jehoshaphat, seventh Jewish king.
The same year (— “ 1182 ” — a break of about 270 years, Lassen i. 473, and Buns. iv. 7. i), accession
of Gonarda III., the initial point of the Cashmere chronicle, hardly earlier than this date.
910 B. C. ( = 9 1 1 y. 357^6 ~ “ 3^ ^ Chron. xvii. 7), by order of Jehoshaphat, “ the
book of the law ” carried by a commission of princes, Levites, and priests, “ throughout all the cities
of Judah, and taught the people.”
“ 909 B. C. = is t year of Hiao-wang, of the Tch eou ” or Fifth dynasty — (Chinese chron. table).
907 B. C. ( = 1071 — “ 165th y e a r ” of Cyrill. adv. Jul. p. 11), Laosthenes reigning in Assyria ;
Silvius, at Alba in Latium ; Agelas, at Corinth ; and Labotas with a colleague, at Sparta. (The
statement is however sliown by Clinton to be taken from Eusebius’ table).
In the joint reign at Sparta of Labotas with Prytanis son of Eurypon, war against the Argives
(Aristot. rep. ii. 6. 8, and Pausan, iii, 2. 3 to 7. 2).
905 B. C. — “ n th year of Takelut,” mention of a deceased prince Uasarkan. “ Towards the
close of the same year,” death of queen Karumamma, a statue of whom — is now in the Louvre at
Paris (Birch).
“ 904 B, C .” (Euseb., and Clint, i. p. 23, Diodorus’ numbers giving 1 169 — “ 92 — 85 — 79 — 23
years ” = 890), “ Fifth ” change in naval dominion. Leaving the Rhodians, the “ Empire of the sea ”
acquired by the Phrygians. — Field by them “ twenty-five ” years.
Ervnm ervilia of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain ers or bitter vetch, in France
“ e r s ” (Prior), in Germany “ erve ” (Fraas) or “ linsenwicke,” in Greece “ rô vitina ” or “ rovi ” or
“ ôrôvi,” in which we recognize the “ ôrôvôn,” a medimnus-measure (bushel and a half) constituting
the price of blood among the citizens of Tralles for killing either a Lelegian or Minyan — (Plut.
quaest. gr. 46) : the “ ôrôvôs ” is mentioned also in the Hippocratic treatises Vict. acut. i i , 3 Morb.
30, 6 Morb. pop. 4, Int. affect, t and 25, and by Polemon diæt. 13, Demosthenes 598. 4, Aristotle
h, an. iii. 21, Phanias of Eresus, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Cralen : E. ervilia was observed by
Sibthorp, and Fraas, frequent in Greece, cultivated as well as growing spontaneously in cultivated
ground. Fartlier South, the “ ôrôvôs ” was known to Athenaeus in Egypt ; and E. ervilia as appears
from Alpinus has been sometimes cultivated there. Westward, the “ ôrôvôs ” is identified in the
Syn. Diosc. with the “ ôrôvôum ” of the Romans : the “ ervum ” is mentioned as an ingredient in the
theriac of Antiochus Magnus, as having cured Augustus according to one of his own letters, and
as cultivated in Italy (Plin. xviii, 38 and xx. 100) ; is mentioned also by Virgil eel. iii. 100, Columella,
and Palladius: E. ervilia is described by C. Bauhin pin. 346; is termed “ e. verum ” by Tournefort
inst. 398 ; and is known to occur as a weed or sometimes cultivated throughout middle Europe as far
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