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“ In the night of Sept. 12th and 13th, the moon being one day o ld ” (Relat. du Groenl. 207), a
remarkable display ofth e a u r o r a b o r e a l i s in France, observed and described by Gassendi (vit. Peresc.
and ex. Find). , , ,
“ 1622, Sept. i6 th ” (Alst. p. 585, and Blair), Heidelberg on the Upper Rhine captured by the
emperor Ferdinand II., and its Library sent to Rome.
“ In this y e a r ” (title-page), publication in London of “ A briefe relation of the discovery and
plantation of New England . . . from 1607 to this present 1622:” enumerating among the products
“ oa k e ” (Q. a l b a ) , “ firre” ( A b i e s b a l s a ? n e a ) , “ masts for ships of all burdens” ( S t r o b u s s t r o b u s ) ,
“ p itch ” ( P i n n s r i g i d a ) , “ walnut” ( J u g l a n s c i n e r e a ) , “ chestnut” ( C a s t a n e a A m e r i c a n a ) , “ elme”
( U lm u s A m e r i c a n a ) , “ plum-trees” ( P r u n u s A m e r i c a n a ) , “ vines of three kindes and those pleasant
to the taste yet some better than other” ( V i h s c o r d i f o l ia , V . l a b r u s c a , and V . c e s t i v a h s ) , “ hempe
( A p o c v n u m c a n n a b i n u m ) , “ f la x ” ( L i n u m V i r g i n i a n u m ) , and “ silkgrasse ” ( E r i o p h o r u m V i r g i n i c u m ) .
“' 1623, January ” (Churchill coll., and Holmes), a settlement commenced by the English on St.
Christopher ; and one by the French on the same day at the other end of the island, being their first
settlement in the West Indies. The settlers were soon driven out of the island by the Spaniards : —
but afterwards returned ; the French in small numbers, the more enterprising preferring to form
settlements on Guadalupe and Martinico.
“ The same y e a r ” (Holmes, see also Bradford), after long trading with the natives, the Dutch
commenced settlements ; and at the mouth of the Hudson, built a town which they called “ New
Amsterdam” (New York). They further established fortified trading-posts ; “ Fort Orange,” a hundred
and fifty miles up the Hudson ; and “ Fort Nassau,” on the East side of Delaware Bay.
“ The same y e a r ” (Hubbard, and Holmes), under patents from England, settlements commenced
and a,house built within the mouth of the Pascataqua r i v e r . T h e origin of the State of New
Hampshire.
“ July 13th,” under a charter from king James, a ship sent by Sir William Alexander encour. col.
35 entering Luke’s Bay in Nova Scotia. On landing, “ meadowes ” were met with “ hauing roses white
and red ” ( R o s a b l a n d a and R . l u c i d a ) growing “ with a kind of wilde lilly which had a damtiejimel ”
of wheate” ( T r i l i c u m r e p e n s ? ) “ b a rly” ( H o r d e u m j u b a t u m ? ) and “ r ie ” ( E l y m u s V i r g i n i c u s ? )
“ growing there wilde,” and along the coast “ pease” ( P i s u n i m a r i t lm u t n ) “ good to eate but did taste
of"the fitch : ” the country for twelve leagues along to Port Negro found full of woods, “ the most part
oake ” ( Q u e r c u s m ib r a ? ) , the rest “ firre ” ( S t r o b u s s t r o b u s ) , “ spruce ” ( A b i e s n i g r a ) , “ birch ” ( B e t u l a
p a p y r a c e a ) , “ with some sicamores” ( A c e r s a c c h a r i n u m ) “ and a sh e s ” ( F r a x im i s s a m b u c i f o h a ) ,
“ and many other so rts” they had not seen before.
“ In this y ear” (Spreng., and Winckl.), C. Bauhin publishing his Pinax and writing his Theatr.,
enumerating S c i r p u s ( I s o l e p i s ) a c i c u l a r i s theatr. 183, “ gramen typhoides spica angustiore” theatr. 53,
A l o p e c t t r u s a g r e s t i s , P o l l i t i i a g r y l l u s theatr. 149, C h r y s u r u s e c h i n a i u s theatr. 59, A i r a j l e x u o s a theatr.
14, B r o n m s v e h i t im i s theatr. 143, “ gramen caninum arvense” theatr. 9, A g r o p y r u m r e p e n s , P u lm o n
a r i a s u j f r u i i c o s a pin. 521, L i n u m v i s c o s u t n pin. 214, T r a d e s c a n t i a V i r g i n i c a pin. 516, A s t e r a l p i n u s
ad Mattli. Si8, R h o d o d e n d r o n L a p p o n i c u m pin. 468, J u n c u s f i l i f o r m i s pin. 12, and C a r d a n n n e be lhd i-^
f o l i a pin. 105, C a r e x f l a v a 7, “ cannabis virginiana” 320, A c n i d a c a n n a b i n a . — H t died “ in 1624,”
and the first portion of his Theatr. was published by his son “ in 1658.”
L a t h y r u s f a l u s t r i s of Subarctic climates. Termed “ 1. peregrinus foliis viciæ fiore subcæruleo
pallideve purpurascente” by C. Bauhin pin. 344, — and known to grow in marshes from'Lapland
throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pl. 399, Engl. bot. pl. 169, and Pers.), also in Northern Asia
(Wats.) : was observed by Linnæus in Lapland and Sweden; by Brotero, in Extramadiira in Portugal
; by Savi, in Etruria. Westward, by Michaux in Northern Canada ; by myself, along the Atlantic
as far as 42°, only on the border of salt marshes ; but according to Hooker, grows throughout Canada
to the Saskatchewan and along the Northwest coast as far South as 48°.
s p i r oe a h y p e r i c i f o l i a of the Uralian plains. An ornamental shrub described by C. Bauhin pm.
517 — (Spreng.), seen by Barrelier in Spain (Camb.), by Thunberg in Japan. In its wild state,
observed by Pallas trav. from 53° on the Lower Volga ; known to grow also on Caucasus (Dec. prodr.).
By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where it continues frequent in gardens
\ e e r .H a o r y z o i d e s of Northeast America. A subaquatic grass known perhaps to C. Bauhin* —
* B l i t u m c a p i t a t u m of North America. Called in Britain b l i t e (Prior) or s t r a w b e r r y - s p in a g e , in
France “ ble tte ” (Nugent) : described by C. Bauhin ad Matth. 365— (Spreng.), Knorr del. hort. 1. pl-
E. 3, and Linnæus hort. cliff, i ; termed “ morocarpus capitatus” by Scopoli (Steud.) ; and known to
9 4 1
(thoug
ugh not in his herbarium), and from at least 1705 occurring along streams from Paris throughout
middle He Europe (Linn., Mieg, Schreb. vi. pl. 22, Web., Spreng., and A. Dec.)D e c .): :
termed “ homalocench-
rus oryzoicles” by Pollich (Steud.), and observed by Savi in Etruria; by Delile, in Lower Eg yp t;
known to occur also in Persia (Kunth), and Japan (Thunb.). Westward, observed by myself from
48° on the Lower St. Lawrence to 42° ; by Conrad to 40° ; by A. Gray, “ common ” in central New
York ; by Michaux, from Pennsylvania to Carolina and Kentucky ; by Elliot, to 33° in South Carolina ;
by Chapman, in “ Florida, and northward ; ” by Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; and by Beck, on the Mississippi
near St. Louis.
P h l e u m p r a t e n s e of Northeast America. The h e r d s - g r a s s or t im o t h y said by Prior to have been
introduced by Timothy Hanson from New York “ into Carolina, and thence into England; ” termed
“ g r a m e n t y p h o ï d e s m a x im u m " by C. Bauhin theatr. 49— (Spreng.) ; and attributed to Europe by
Linnæus, Schreber pl. 14, and Leers pl. 3 ; known to occur in meads and cultivated ground from Lapland
to Switzerland and North Africa (Pers., ancl Wats.), ancl according to Kunth as far as Caucasus
and Siberia: Westward, was observed by Hooker in Iceland; by Drummond, in 54° at Fort Cumberland
; by myself, from 45° to 42° in wild situations in New England, often within the margin of the
forest, but besides regularly cultivated. Var. “ nodosum” is termecl “ gramen spicatum spica cylindracea
brevi radice nodosa” by Tournefort inst. 520, is known to occur from Denmark (fl. Dan. pl.
380) throughout middle Europe, and according to Bieberstein in the Tauro-Caucasian countries, was
observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, around Constantinople, by Hooker in Iceland, and by myself in
wild situations in New England. (See Leersia oryzoicles and Cornus Canadensis.)
C a r e x a m p u l l a c e a of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Termed “ gramen cyperoides
quartum” by C. Bauhin theatr. 84 — (Spreng.), “ cyperoides polystachion spicis teretibus e rectis” by
Tournefort inst. 529 ; known to grow in marshes from Lapland and Russia throughout middle Europe,
also in Siberia (Engl. bot. pl. 780, Leers pl. 16, Pers,, and Wats.) : observed by Hooker in Iceland;
by Thuillier 490, in the environs of Paris ; by Sibthorp, in watery places in the Peloponnesus.
Burserus collected plants througliout Europe, labelled them with the names adopted by his associate
and friend C. Bauhin, — and this h e r b a r i u m continued extant at Upsal in the days of Linnæus.
The unnamed plants in the Collection were published by Petrus Martin “ in 1724” (Linn. fl. suec.
p. xi).
“ In this y e a r ” (Spreng,), Vespasian Robin, successor of his father in the charge of the Royal
garden at Paris, publishing his Enchirid. isagog.*
occur in the Tyrol, Switzerland (Pers.), and other parts of middle Europe. Westward, was observed
by myself in cultivated ground in New England ; but by A. Gray, indigenous, and in “ dry rich ground
common from W. New York to Lake Superior and nortliward.”
S o l i d a g o l im o n i f o l i a of the seasliore of Nortlieast .America. The s e a s id e g o l d e n - r o d described by
C. Bauhin pin. 517 — (Spreng.) : observed liy myself from 43° to 39° along the seashore especially in
salt marshes, rarely exceeding four feet, and the stems more or less oblique ; by Pursh, in salt marshes,
Canada to Virginia ; by Elliot, near salt water in South Carolina ; by Chapman, “ salt marshes, Florida’
and northward ; ” and by Nuttall, on the Azores.
R u d b e c k i a l a c i n i a t a of Northeast America. A c o n e f l o w e r , transported to Europe is termed
“ doronicum americanum” by C. Bauhin pin. 516— (Spreng.), seems the “ aconitum helianthemum
Canadense” of Cornuti pl. 179, and is clearly described by Morison vi. pl, 6, Miller, and Linnæus
(Pe rs.). Westward, is known to grow from Lake Huron to the Red.river of Lake Winnipeg; was
observed by Nuttall towards the sources of the Missouri; by Short, in Kentucky; by Pursh,’ from
Canada to Virginia ; by myself, from 44° to 42° along the Atlantic ; by W. Barton, to 40° ; by Sdiwei-
nitz, at 36° in Upper Carolina ; by Elliot, in the Western district of Georgia.
I p o m o e a ( P h a r b i t i s ) p u r p u r e a of the Andes from Mexico to the Equator. Transported to Europe,
is described by C. Bauhin pin. 295, — Ehret pict. pl. 7 (Linn.); and escaping from cultivation, haè
been found growing spontaneously near Saiiit-Barnabè in France (Castagne, and A . Dec.). Westward,
came from America (Pers.) ; and was observed by Humboldt and Bonpland from the city of
Mexico to Cliillo near Quito, at the elevation of 1200 to 1350 toises (Kunth). Transported to Northeast
America, is one of the two kinds of m o r n i n g - g l o r y fH x A t A in gardens, occurs besides “ around
dwellings, escaping from cultivation” (A. Gray).
* R o b i n i a v i s c o s a of the Alleghany mountains. The c l a m m y l o c u s t , a small tree introduced by
Vespasian Robin into the gardens of Paris as early as this year, — the “ acacia Americana Robini ”
having according to Cornuti pl. 172 erect racemes of flowers, and pods “ exonini parte e ch ina tis :”
R. viscosa as planted in European gardens, is described also by Duhamel ii. pl. 17, and Ventenat
pl. 4. Westward, is known to grow wild on the Alleghanies from about 36° 30' to their Southern
termination. (F. A. Mx., Ell., A. Gray, and aiapm.).
S m i l a c i n a s t e l l a t a of Northeast America. Transported “ from Virginia” to Vespasian Robin in
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