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M n iîa scabrella of Equatorial Africa. A climbing Cucurbitaceous vine called in Burmah “ tha-
bwot-kha ” (Mason) ; and the “ gavakshi ” prescribed by Susrutas sutr, 36 to kalp. 7, — is referred here
by Plessler; M. scabrella was observed by Rheede viii. pl. 13 in Malabar; by Gr.diam, “ common
about Bombay in the rains,” the “ fruit size of a pea, smooth ; ” by Roxburgh, and Wight, in Eastern
Hindustan; and by Mason, in Burmah. Westward, was observed by Grant on the banks of the Nile
below Lat. 5°. Transported to Europe, is termed “ cucumis maderaspatanus ” by Linnæus (Graham).
Foeniculum paninoriuiu of Northern Hindustan. A species of fennel called in Persian “ badian,”
in Plindustanee “ sonf” (Royle), in Arabic “ razeeanuj.” in Sanscrit “ mudhoorika” or “ mudoorika,”
in Bengalee “ pan-muhoree” or “ panmuhori” (J. F. Wats ) : the “ misi” or “ misbi” of Susrutas
chik. 38, — is referred here by Hessler : F. panmorium was observed in Plindustan by Ro.xburgh ii. 95,
Piddington, and Royle him. 229, having fruit “ exactly as in F. vulgare and with the same taste,” and
employed medicinally “ as a warm aromatic and carminative ” (Lindl.). Westward, the “ razianadsh ”
is mentioned by Ebn Baitar, and other Arab writers.
Anethum. sowa of Northern Plindustan. A species of dill called in Sanscrit “ misreya” or
“ missreya” or “ shaleya,” in Hindustanee “ sowa” (J. F. Wats.) or “ S u v a soyah,” in Bengalee
“ soolplia,” in Telinga “ sompa,” in Tamil “ satha-cooppa ” (Drur.), in Burmah “ sa-myeik” (Mason);
in which we recognize the “ saleya” of Susrutas sutr. 38 to chik. 17:— A. sowa was observed by
Graham p. 24S at Bombay, “ extensively used in native cookery and medicine ; ” by Roxburgh ii, 96,
Ainslie, and Wight, under cultivation in the peninsula as far as Bengal, the seeds sold in every
bazaar, forming one of the chief ingredients in curry-powder, yielding besides a valuable oil ; by
Mason, “ exotic” in Burmah, often cultivated by the natives, and “ possessing similar aromatic and
carminative properties” with dill.
Hydrocotyle Asiatica of Tropical Africa and Asia. A species of penny-ivort called in Sanscrit
“ bheka-purni ” or “ manduka-parni ” (Pick!.), in Telinga “ babassa,” in Tamil “ vullarei,” in Bengalee
“ thulkuri ” (Drur.), in Tagalo “ taquip suso ” or “ taquip cohol ” (Blanco) ; in which we recognize the
“ b’hekaparni ” or “mandukaparni” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 46: —H. Asiatica was observed by
Rheede x. pl. 46 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ in moist shady places ” in the environs of Bombay ; by
Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, as far as Travancore, the leaves employed medicinally by the natives;
by Plorsfield, on Java and considered diuretic ; by Loureiro, in Anam (Spreng.) ; by Blanco, on the
Philippines and well known to the natives ; by Rumphius v. pl. 169, also in the Malayan archipelago;
is known to grow in Australia West and East, and as far as Tasmania and New Zealand (J. D, Plook.,
and A. Dec.). Westward from Hindustan, in Abyssinia (A, Rich.), the Mauritius Islands, Austral
Africa (herb. Dec.), and as far as Guinea and Senegal (fl. Nigr.). Probably by European colonists,
was carried to Rio Janeiro and Chili (Schlecht.).
Vangucria ediilis of Madagascar. A small Coffeaceous tree called on Madagascar “ voua-vanga”
(Boj.), in Sanscrit “ kurahata” or “ kurahatuka” or “ grunthiphula ” or “ chhurduna ” or “ pindee-
tuka” or “ shulya” or “ shulyuka” (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay “ aloo” (Graham) ; in
which we recognize the “ karahata” or “ grant’hip’hala ” or “ ch’bardana” or “ pindilaka” or “ salya”
or “ salyaka” of Susrutas sutr. 36 to chik. 18 : — V. edulis was observed by Gibson, Law, Auld, and
Graham, seemingly wild and “ very common” on “ the Ghauts and throughout the Concan,” the
Southern Mahratta country, and Kandesh, its fruit size of an apple “ eaten both raw and roasted,
but ” far from palatable ; is known to occur also in China (Rohr., and Steudel). Westward, was
observed by Bojer on Madagascar, and was carried to the Mauritius Islands where it has become
naturalized.
FcHpta prostrata oi Tropical Africa? A weed called in Egypt “ sa’deh ” (Del.), in Yemen
“ tolak ” (Forsk.), in Sanscrit “ brinraj,” in Hindustanee “ brinraj ” or “ bhringraj ” (J. F. Wats.) or
“ brinraj bungrah,” in Bengalee “ keshooryia,” in Tamil “ kaiantagarie ” or “ kursalenkunnie,” in
Telinga “ goontagelinjeroo ” (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay “ bungrah ” or “ maaka ” (Graham),
in Japan “ takasabro” or “ kavatiso” (Thunb.); in which we recognize the “ b’hringa” or “ b’hringa-
raja ” of Susrutas chik. 25 to kalp. 8, — and “ bhringaras” of Plarivansa 78: E. prostrata was
observed by Rheede x. pl. 41 in Malabar ; by Graham, “ a common weed ” in the environs of Bombay,
sometimes eaten by the natives “ as a potherb; ” by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, in other parts of
Hindustan, and employed medicinally by the natives (Drur.) ; by Loureiro, in Anam, employed for
blackening the hair; by Beechey’s Expedition, in China (Hook, and Arn.) ; by Thunberg, in Southern
Japan ; is known to occur on th.e Moluccas and the Ladrone Islands (Endl., and A. Dec.) ; was
observed by myself in the Malayan archipelago, and carried by the natives as far as the p'eejeean
Islands. Westward from Hindustan, was observed by myself on Zanzibar ; by Drège, in Austral
Africa; by Forskal, in Yemen; by him, and Delile, in Egypt; and by Auclier, in Palestine. By
European colonists, as verified by myself, was carried to the Hawaiian Islands ; probably also to
Peru and Southern Brazil, seen by myself only in cultivated ground ; and lo the West Indies (Pers.).
“ E. erecta ” is regarded by Roxburgh as not distinct.
Convolvulus (Batatas)paniculata of Tropical shores from tlte Atlantic to the Malayan archipelago.
A twining perennial called in Sanscrit “ vidaree” or “ kroshtree” or “ ksheeruvidaree ” or
“Icsheerushookia ” (J. F. Wats.), in Telinga “ matta-paltiga,” in Bengalee “ bhoomi-koomra ”
(Lindi.), in Tagalo “ puntaspuntas ” (Blanco) ; in which we recognize the “ vidari ” or “ kroshtri ”
or “ kshiravidari ” or “ kshirasukla ” whose root is prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 4Ó to chik. 30;
_ B . paniculata was observed by Rheede xi.pl. 49 in Malabar; by Graham, around Bombay,
flowering “ in the rains;” by Roxburgh, in Eastern Hindustan, its large turnip-shaped roots
eaten by cattle, and employed medicinally by the natives (Drur.) ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah
; is known to grow on Java and as far as Australia (Lindi.) ; was ob.served by Blanco frequent
on the Philippines, the root employed by the natives as a purgative. Westward from Plindustan,
was received by Jacquin from Mauritius (Steud,); is known to grow also in 1 ropical Africa and
America (Lincll ).
Solanum verhascifolium of Madagascar and the Mauritius Islands ? A mullein-leaved shrub
called in Sanscrit “ lavana-bhantaca ” or “ samasht’hila ” or “ gandira,” in Bengal “ lona-bhant ” or
“ sulatiya” (W. Jones) ; in which we recognize the “ gandira” prescribed by Susrutas chik. 46 ; — S.
verhascifolium was observed by'Lush near Dharwar, and is probably the unarmed species seen by
Gibson “ in Deccan gardens ” (Graham) ; was observed in Bengal by W. Jones as. res. iv. 259, but
by Roxburgh in gardens (Pers.) ; by Mason, in Burmah, enumerated as though indigenous ; by Loureiro
i. 128, in Anam ; by Blanco, sparingly on the Philippines and not known to the natives, with
the slight exception that it is called “ noog noog ” on Zebu. Westward, is known to grow on Madagascar
and the Mauritius Islands (Scop., and Pers.). By European colonists, was carried to Tropical
America (Pluk. aim. j)l. 316, and Pers.).
Ocymum gratissimum of Tropical Arabia. The shrubby basil is called in Yemen “ hobokbok ”
(Forsk.), in Malabar “ cattu tirtava” (Rheede), in Bengalee “ ram-tulsee” (J. F. Wats.), in the
environs of Bombay “ ram-toolsee ” (Graham) : the “ kut’heraka” or “ k'harajrushpa ” prescribed by
Susrutas sutr. 36 to chik. 17,— is referred here by Hessler: O. gratissimum was observed by Rheede
X . pl. 86 in Malabar; by Graham, “ common in gardens” in the environs of Bombay, “ flowering
chiefly in the rains, very fragrant;” by Roxburgh, Piddington, ancl Voight, as far as Bengal; and
by Burmann z. pl. 80, on Ceylon. Westward, was observed by Forskal wild among the mountains
of Yemen.
Ocymum canum of Tropical Plindustan and Burmah. The hoaiy basil is annual and called in
Sanscrit “ arjaca ” (Ainsl, and Pidd.) : and the “ arjaka ” prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 36 to chik.
17, — maybe compared: O. canum was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay; by Roxburgh
iii. 15, in Eastern Hindustan; by Mason, in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous. Westward,
was observed by Grant near cultivated ground in Lat. “ 2° N.” on the Nile.
Barleria prionitis of Tropical Asia, from Arabia to Burmah. Shrubby with stellate thorns and
large yellow flowers, called in Sanscrit “ kiiruntuka ” (Pidd.), in Bengalee “ kantha-jathi,” in Tamil
“ shem-muli,” in Telinga “ mullu-goiinta,” in Malabar “ coletta-veetla ” (Drur.), in the environs of
Bombay “ kholeta” (Graham); in which we recognize the “ kurantaka ” or “ kuruntaka ” prescribed
by Susrutas sutr. 46 to chik. 25 : — B. jjrionitis was observed by Rheede ix. pl. 41 in Malabar; by
Graham, “ every where” in the environs of Bombay; by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, as far as
Bengal, employed medicinally by the natives (Drur ) ; by Mason, in Burmah ; and Westward, by
P'orskal p. 6 among the mountains of Yemen.
Boerhaavia diffusa of Tropical .Ymerica ? A diffuse annual called in Tamil “ mookaretti,” in
Telinga “ ataka-mamidi,” in Bengalee “ gada-poorna ” or “ swhet-poorna,” in Malabar “ tameerama ”
or “ taludama,” in Hindustanee “ tikri” (Drur.), in Tagalo “ paan balivis,” in Ylocano “ tabtabocol ti
Nuafig” (Blanco) ; and according to Hessler, mentioned as a potherb by Susrutas sutr. 4610 chik.
38 : —Tb. diffusa was observecl by Rheede vii. pl. 46 in Malabar ; by myself, in the environs of Bombay;
by Graham “ common every where but particularlj' abundant in the Deccan,” sometimes eaten
by the natives as greens; by Burmann ind. pl, l, Roxburgh,'Ainslie, Wight, and Drury, a weed
“ common in all parts of India,” its pulverized root employed medicinally; by Blanco, on the Philippines,
common around stone buildings in the province of Batangas, the dried root employed medicinally,
Westward from Hindustan was observed by Forskal p. 3 in Tropical Arabia ; by Delile, in
Upper Egypt; by Baldwin, as far North as Anastatia Island Lat. 30° in Florida; is known to grow
also on Jamaica and as far as Peru (Pers.) ; was observecl by myself, exotic and clearly carried by
the natives to Metia, Taheiti, the Samoan, Tongan, and Feejeean Islands.
Fnxoluspolygamus of Hindustan and Burmah. A diffuse herb called in Sanscrit “ tundooleeya ”
(Pidd.), and is the common bajee oi Bombay called “ choolae ” (Graham): the “ tandula” of Susrutas
sutr. 16 to chik. 27, — is referred here by Hessler: E. polygamus is termed “ blitum indicum
album ” by Rumphius v. pl. 82 ; was observed by Graham “ much cultivated ” in the environs of
Bombay; by Roxburgh, hort. beng. 67, and Piddington 218, as far as Bengal, according to Long
iv y