' 'to-Ira Y te
*' ' i . , ; , ' I « » . ç { :
■0'te
■1
4«f
i : 4 ! H e . e 0 „
I 4 Ì E l . # 1 ? # ; ,
I
/ .
- î # | -i
874
CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT
. „ , d . . ™ . r W „ ü > 1 . . o f . h „ ^ > + " 0 0 0 + 0 » < '
coming tom the ^ j+ t e + t e t e Z t o L teiet Wesl-son»,«e.l nhout “ terre des Bretons. On the - “ Ml.en- leng.es. Onthe“ 2SthteMieco.ffinued“ te£7Mthe, agnut elsutio a c££OTre£+ <^ whirh hp named “ St. Pierre about
“ four” leagues beyond was .anotrtr quarter'sontlnvest, he saw no land nntil the evening
' r ; n ; ' + 5 0 + . + + 7 e r + t e n £ cm^
among them “ cedres” and “ P™™?®® .’ " ' 0 ^ffiaDe'inffihe South he called “ Esperance,” in the hope
more {Thuya # the course of a boat-excursion, had an interview with
of finding a passage : on £® . ; t, trade was established, exchanging kmves,
the natives m forty or fifty canoes , _ / passage, he named the
bh, of Iron, n.d other nrricl.s for stm. " t y f ".» ■ /+ « 7too.te Uhlten ” le n j.;. to cnp. “ d.
bng o Chnfonr 1» nnd o. ¿ U + t o + t Î . s , rU.r, wbich bS s.t.r.d o. ,bs
Pratto,” and anchored. Froe or six £ £ £ £ ° “ 25th;” visited by about “ forty”
“ 14th,” and where he was detained £ £"« ' ^ hundred” in all, who had come to
canoes containing men, women, and ®’” '£®®’ gom the natives last seen ; the men
catch mackerel, and m language, manners ®°00’®;#£® ° having the head shaved
wearing only a small skin cincture w£_ "rt'ri/vn with leather thon»s’; in their own country, which
with the exception of a long lock which is tied Ifianes noix ” called “ daheya ” {Juglans
they leave only in the fishing season, grow P™ ££ ^ ® “ febues” called “ sahe” {PhasecE
rea), “ poires, pommes ” (Craloegus tomentosa), and ®#.f’ J# ® # ). Qu the “ 25th,” the
olus vulgaris), and “ groz # ®£"'® # '£n /t'E a st northeast “ tLn ty ” kagues to where it turned
t°he°ro#t o/the‘to
# T ?• ’ irar” iCiez x lI the city of Quito founded by Sebastian Belalcazar.
: + . 0 . ‘ 0 + , ib'bctedo.-.. colcg.. bf .be B„m„o.bgfcob of E..r,c,b. C o rd ..,-
He died before the dose of the year (Winckler). of Asia ? Described by Euricius
Gnaphalium uliginosi^n oi termed “ g. longifolium humile ramosum
C«rd.,-(Spr.„g-), R . d b e c k c . . ,
to occur from Lapland and Russia t£oug ret ,urop ^ . observed by Linnæus m
Wats.), also in Northern Asia ( £ £ £ £ ’’£ ^ wayside; by Sibthorp, in the Peloponnesus
Lapland and Sweden, chiefly m dried up pools by £ from Abvssinia. Probably by Euroand
around Constantinople ; and was ®£®'£} Hooker in Ic/l/nd ; by
pean colonists was c-n®«/®- ®®® f f i l ’e sffiualons as fr Sweden ; by Short, at
t e + X 0 0 «te.d b, F bbd A. Gmy «. «■ 4» tom Newfom.d.abd m.d
(Al.,.), b, king rm.ci., .olern. ..p p liC io .. m f b . c b . r c b . . bf P «i., Tb
C „ .d . i by m,.bl,. tom ,y- Jp- . . fb. L .w .f Sf.
“ common ” fr central New York, and ®"P£'#£®#£ north7 rd ; ” and was received by
i# o £ rtm /^e’^^lnTo/^ffira“ ; / ^ En/ope,‘is de/rfred by Linnmus, and Jacquin hort. ii.
pl. 123. _
appease the Divinity; and on his journey home, six Protestants at different places brought forward
and burned alive. Flaving in consequence rendered himself odious in Germany, Francis excused
himself, asserting. That the persons in question “ under the pretence of religion had been plotting
against the state.” “ Dec. 6th,” a Protestant meeting at Smalcald, delegates from Henry V III. of
England being present.
“ Jan. 6th ” (Ciez., and Markham edit. p. 250), the city of Lima founded by Francisco Pizarro.
“ The same year” (Maunder), by the Spaniards under Almagro, the Peruvians driven out of
Chili. — After “ three years,” the Spaniards in turn expelled through a general rising of the natives.
“ The same year,” the Peruvians of Cuzco found by A. E. de Guzman to have “ lances, arrows,
darts, s l i n g s , " and “ ayllas ; ” the latter “ consisting of three round stones sewn up in leather, and
each fastened to a cord a cubit long ” (transl. in soc. Hackl.). — This singular and very efficient
weapon called “ b o l e r o s " by the colonists, continues in use as witnessed by myself among the Spanish
herdsmen of Patagonia.
“ The same year” (Churchill coll), by Peter de Mendoza, a Spanish colony established at
Buenos Ayres on the La Plata river,
“ Aug. 15th” (edit. D’Avezac), after passing the Straits of Belleisle, arrival at Assumption
Island (Anticosti) of Jacques Cartier with three ships on his Second voyage. Returning to the Northern
shore of the Bay, on the “ 19th ” he anchored among seven high islands and named them “ ysles
Rondes.” Proceeding up the great river (St. Lawrence) under the guidance of two natives (carried
to France on his First voyage), “ Sept. ist ” he entered the “ Saguenay .” Returning to the main
river, he met with fishes as large as “ merhoux” but entirely white {Deiphinapteriis beluga), living
between the sea and fresh w iter, and called by the natives “ adhothuys.” On the “ 6th,” he reached
an island where were numbers of “ grandes tortues ” r«//««/«/a), and named i t “ yslees
Couldres ” from the “ noisilles ” {Corylus rosirata) found in the forest. On the “ 7th,” he reached
fourteen islands, the beginning of the province of “ Canada ” (given in the vocabulary as the general
name for town) : the largest of these islands, ten leigues in length, he called “ ysle de Bacchus”
(now Orleans) from “ vignes” called “ ozaha ” {Vitis cordifolia) first found here; among the forest-
trees are enumerated, “ chaisnes ” {Quercus rubra), “ liourmes, pins” (Strobus), “ fresnes, noyers”
called “ quaheya ” {Juglans cinerea), “ pramers ” {Trnnus A mericana), “ yfz ” {Abies Canadensis),
“ sedres” {Thuya Occidentalis), “ aubespines” with fruit as large as prunes {Cratægus tomentosa),
and others, while underneath grew “ chanure ” as fine as that of France {Apocynum). He was visited
by the chief Donnacona; and on the “ 14th,” found a secure place for his vessels not f.ir from
the native town of Stadacone (the site of Quebec). On the “ 19th,” taking his smallest ves.sel and
two boats, he continued up the river; and until the “ 28th,” proceeded without interruption through
a fine country full of beautiful trees, including (in addition) “ pruches ” (Abies alba and A . nigra and
A . balsamea), “ boulx ” {Betula papyracea), “ sauldres ” {Salix sp.), and “ oziers ” {Salix sp.) ; birds
also being numerous, as “ grues ” {Grus Canadensis), “ signes, oultardes ” ( . . . . ) , “ Cannes, alouettes
” {Sturnella Ludoviciana), “ faisans ” {Tetrao), “ perdrix ” {Colinns), “ merles ” {Turdus migratorius),
“ mauuis, teurtres” {Columba Carolinensis), “ chardonnereulx ” {Linaria), “ serins” {Linaria),
“ linottes, rossignolz, passes solitaires,” and others : he also met with " raz sauuaiges ” that live in
the water {Ondatra zibethicus) and are as large as “ connyns.” On the 29th, leaving his vessel in a
lake-like expanse (Lake St. Peter), he proceeded up the river in boats; and “ Oct. 19th,” reached
Hoclielaga, a native town at the foot of a mountain which he called “ mont Royal ” (Montreal) : the
town was circular in form and very populous, the chief or Agouhanna wearing a fillet of “ poil de
Hérissons ” {Hystrix Canadensis). He subsequently heard of a country in the Southwest, devoid of
snow and ice, and producing “ oranges ” {Diospyrus Viiginiana) “ almandes, noix, prunes, & aultres
sortes de frnicts,” the natives continually warring with each other, but clothed in skins like themselves
; Donnacona had been a moon in canoes in this direction to where were growing “ canelle ”
called “ adhotathny” {Sassafras officinale?), and “ giroffle ” called “ canonotha” (Laurus benzoin?).
Returning down the river, the ships near Stadacone were enclosed by ice in the “ middle of November,”
In further describing the country along the river, the following additional quadrupeds are
enumerated, “ cerfz ” called “ aionnesta ” {Cervui rangiferinus), “ dains ” called “ asquenondo” (C
Virginianus), ■•hours” {Ursus Americanus), “ liepures ” called “ sourhamda ” {Lepus variabilis),
“ connins” {L. Americanus), “ martres” {Mustela), “ regnards” {Vulpes fu lvu s), “ loueres ” {Canis
lupus?), “ bieiires” {Castor fiber), “ chatz sauuaiges” {Felis Canadensis), and “ escureux ” called
“ caiognein ” {Sciurus)-. among birds, “ oyes sauuages blanches” (Anser) and “ grises” {A. Canadensis),
“ cannardz” {Anas sp.), “ ramiers” {Columba migratoria), and “ tarins” ( . . . . ) ; and
among fishes, “ macquereaulx, mulletz ” ( . . . . ) , “ bars, sartres, grosse anguilles ” called “ esgneny,”
“ lepelan ” as good as in the Seine {Osmerus eperlanus?), “ lamproys ” called “ zysto,” and “ saul-
mons ” called “ ondaccon,” and in the fresh water “ brochetz, truytes, carpes, braumes,” and others :
the natives keep dogs “ noirs &: blancs ” called “ agayo,” cultivate “ bled ” called “ ofizy ” (Zea mays),
ite
i f '
% -
Ì-
1
US'
0 I
'F l
I J