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Hughes T97 it is eaten by Negroes. Eastward, has been observed in Guinea (Benth. fl. Nigr.); by
Graham, in the environs of Bombay, “ common in the rains and by Roxburgh, as far as Eastern
Hindustan.
A l d r o v a n d a v e s i c u l o s a of Hindustan? Termed “ lenticula palustris indica fob semirotiindis
binis capillamentis ad imum barbatis” by Plukenet aim. pl. 41. £. 6 — (P e rs.). Probably exotic in
Europe, but observed by Allioni at Candia and Viverone in Piedmont, by Bertoloni from Piedmont
to Bologna and in Bientina lake near Pisa, by Maratti in the Pontine marshes near Rome, by Pourret
from Arles and Montpelier to the baths of Molight in the Eastern Pyrenees, and by Besser in the
Pinsk marsh in Lithuania (A. Dec.).
“ 1692, March 20th” (Pauth. p. 445), in China, at the end of “ twenty-two years,” the prohibition
against attending Christian churches removed by the emperor Khang-hi.
“ May 14th” (Flutch., and Holmes), arrival at Boston of Sir William Phips as governor, bringing
a new charter for Massachusetts. By which, the power of the governor was increased, at the
expense of some of the privileges o f the colonists, and the boundaries of the province were enlarged
so as to include Nova Scotia. Rhode Island and Connecticut were however allowed to resume their
old charters.
“ The same y e a r ” (Hutch., and Holmes), the witchcraft delusion at Salem and in the vicinity ;
and nineteen persons executed. One of the accused, Giles Cory, refusing to plead, was pressed to
death : — “ the only instance” of the enforcement of “ this barbarous punishment” in New England.
The proceedings at Salem evidently connected with similar witchcraft trials in Suffolk, England, published
in 1684: but after the first year, no one appears to have been executed.
“ June 7 th ” (univ. hist. xii. 364, and Holmes), a severe e a r t h q u a k e at Jamaica; and “ in the
space of three minutes,” nine tenths of the city of Port Royal inundated, “ two thousand ” persons
perishing.
In this year (Spreng.), Volckamer writing his Flor. Norimb., enumerating A i z o o n C a n a r i e n s e
236, M e s e i n b r y a n l h e i n u m d i f f o r m e 165, S t a p e l i a h i r s u t a 30, D r a c o c e p h a l u m C a n a r i e n s e 145, D . c a n e s
c e n s 353, H e r m a n n i a s c a b r a 24, C o l u t e a h e r b á c e a 118, C h r y s o c o m a c o m a - a u r e a 148, G n a p h a l i u m
f o e t i d u m 194, G . h e l i a n t h e m i f o l i u m 194, S e n e c i o e l e g a n s 225, S', r i g i d u s 225, A s t e r r u b r i c a u l i s 50, A .
a n g u s t i f o l i u s 50, A r c t o t i s h y p o c h o n d r ia c a 224, O s t e o s p e r m u m s p i n e s c e n s 105, O t h o n n a a b r o t a n i f o l i a
225, and O . p a r v i f l o r a 226. — He died “ in 1693,” and his Flor. was published “ in 1700.”
M e s e m b r y a n t h e m u m c r y s t a l l i n u m of Austral Africa. Transported to Europe, described by
Volckamer 166— (Spreng.), Dillenius elth. pl. 130, and Linnæus; known to occur about Athens
(Pers.), and observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, around the acropolis ; by Delile, springing up
spontaneously at Alexandria. Is said to have been seen by Thunberg in Austral Africa.
“ 1693 A. D.” (Stiles, Humph., and Holmes), the episcopal church introduced into the province
of New York by Governor Fletcher; and an Act passed by the provincial assembly for settling and
maintaining a ministry. — Nothing was done in pursuance of the Act until 1696, when Trinity church
was built in New York city.
“ The same year ” (Golden 150, and Holmes), arrival at Montreal of “ two hundred canoes ” laden
with furs, accumulated at Missilimakinak ; the route having been interrupted for several years by the
confederate tribes called the “ Five nations.”
“ The same y e a r ” (Kobell ii.), “ after a violent eruption of its volcano,” sinking beneath the
waves of one of the Molucca Islands named “ Sarca ”
“ At this time ” (Spreng.), Geor. los. Kamel at Manila, sending to Ray and Petiver plants of the
Philippines, including H i b i s c u s l a m p a s , B r a d l e i a P h i l i p p e n s i s , S t y l o c o r y n a r a c em o s a , ancl C o lu m b i a
s e r r a t i f o l i a ,
“ In this y e a r ” (Pursh, and Spreng.), Plumier, having commenced his Plant, amer., making a
Second visit to the West Indies, meeting with * A c r o s t i c h u m a u r e u m am. pl. 7, P t e r i s p e d a t a am. pl.
34, L o b e l i a C l i f f o r t i a n a spec. v. 235. f. 2, P h o r a d e n d r o n p u r p u r e u m spec. 258. f. 3. — He made a
Third visit “ in 1695,” published his Nov. gen. “ in 1703,” died “ in 1704,” and ten fascic. of his Plant,
amer. were published by Burmann “ in 1755-60.”
“ 1694 A. D.” (Charlev., and Holmes), Fort Nelson, a fur-trading post on Fludson’s Bay, captured
by the French ; and garrisoned by them. — After two years, the fort was re-captured by the English.
* D i e f f e n b a c h i a s e g u i n a of the West Indies. The d u m b c a n e , Araceous though five or six feet
high and palm-like, was observed by Plumier amer. 60— (Spreng.), and Jacquin amer. pl. 229 in the
West Indies: the root if chewed producing a dangerous swelling of the tongue, and said to produce
dumbness if merely applied to the lips, the stem according to Browne employed to bring sugar to a
good grain (Lindl). Transported to Europe, is termed “ caladium seguinum ” by Linnæus; is
described also by Ventenat, and Hooker exot. p l i.
“ In this y e a r ” (Linn. fl. suec.), Olaus Bromelius publishing his Chloris Gothica, an account of
the plants around Gothoburg . . . . — He died “ in 1705 ” (Spreng.).
At this time (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Hermann writing his Parad., enumerating* H o l o s t e u m
c o r d a t u m par. 11, A m a r y l l i s e q u e s t r i s 194, A . l o n g i f o l i a 195, A l b u c a m i n o r 209, T i a r e l l a c o r d i f o l i a
130, S i l e n e v i r i d i f l o r a 199, C e r e u s l a n u g i n o s u s 115, G e u m V i r g i n i c u m III, H y s s o p u s s c r o p h u l a r i a c -
f o f i l l s \ o 6 , M a r r u b i u m c i n e r e u m l a a , A n t i r r h i n u m t r i o r n i t h o p h o r u m 3 7 7 , S c r o p h u l a r i a f r u t e s c e n s
377, H e s p e r i s l a c e r a 193, P a s s i f i o r a h i r s u t a 176, H i e r a c i u m P y r e n a i c u m 184, S e r r a t u l a n u d i c a u l i s
190, A s t e r d u m o s u s 95, A . N o v a e A n g l i a e 98, A . u n d u l a t u s 96, S o l i d a g o f l e x i c a u l t s 244, S . m i n u l a
245, S', r i g i d a 243, C o r e o p s i s a l b a 124, C e n t a u r e a n a p i f o l i a 1S9, C . T i n g i t a n a 163, C u c u m i s A f r i c
a n u s 134, E r y n g i u m f o e t i d u m pl. 237, A s c l e p i a s p u r p u r a s c e n s 33. — He died “ in 1695,” and his
Parad. was published by Wm. Sherard “ in 1705.”
R o s a c i n n a m o m e a of the Atlas mountains. Its bark brown-bay or chestnut colour, and hence
perhaps the name (Pers.). Termed “ r. majalis ” by Hermann diss. de rosa p.*8, — described also by
Reynier in act. Ians. i. 68, Linnæus, Ehrhart, Retz. scand., and fl. Dan. pl. 868 and 1214: according
to Watson cyb. i. 359, not really naturalizecl in Britain (A. Dec.): perhaps exotic also in Switzerland
and other parts of Europe. In its wild state, observed by Desfontaines i. 400 on the Atlas mountains
(Pers.).
“ Dec. 28th” (Nicol), death of queen Mary, leaving her husband William I II . sole ruler of
United Britain.
“ In this y e a r ” (Winckl), after his Plant, vern. “ in 1688,” Rudolph Jacob Camerarius publishing
his Epist. de sexu plant. — He published other papers “ until 1721, in which y e a r ” he died. His
Opuscul. botan. were collected and republished ‘“in 1 7 9 7 . ”
“ 1695 A. D .” (art cle verif.), Achmed II. succeeded by Mustafa I I., twenty-third Turkish sultan.
“ In this year ” (Linn. fl. lapp. præf.), Olaus Rudbeck the younger visiting Lapland, meeting with J
A n d r o m e d a h y p n o id e s 97, T u s s i l a g o f r í g i d a , C a r e x a t r a t a elys. i. pl. 23.
* T r i b u l u s c i s t o id e s of the West Indies. Decumbent and belonging to a Desert tribe, the Zygo-
phyllaceæ; transported to Europe, described by Hermann parad. 236 — (Spreng.), and Plukenet aim.
pl. 67 (Pers.). Westward, was observed by Jacquin, and Maycock, in the West Indies, and is known
to grow from “ Key West ” at the point of Florida (Chapm.) to Curaçao (A Dec.). Farther West,
was carried by ocean-currents, or possibly by Polynesians, to Malden Island in the Pacific (J. D.
Hook.); and to the Hawaiian Islands, observed there by Lay and Collie, by myself in a few Desert
spots, but chiefly in the Desert outskirts of Honolulu.
C a p r a r i a b i f lo r a of Tropical America. Transported to Europe, is described by Hermann parad.
n o — (Linn. sp.). Observed in the West Inclies b y ja cq uin am er .p l. 115, ancl Browne, near dwellings
and employed as a substitute for tea (A. Dec.); known to grow also at the Southern extreme of Florida
(Torr., and Chapm.), and in Mexico, Peru (R. ancl Pav.), and Brazil (Benth.). By European
colonists, was carried to Equatorial Africa, observed at Cape coast in Guinea (fl. Nigr.).
P a s s i f i o r a f o e t i d a of Tropical America. Known to grow wild from Dominica to Cuaçao and
Brazil (Pers., Gardn., and A. Dec.). Transported to Europe, is clescribed by Hermann parad. 173 —
(Spreng.), Plukenet aim. pi. 104, and Cavanilles x. pl. 2S9. Eastward, was introduced by Moon “ in
i824” "into Ceylon, where it was found by Gardner (bot. mag. for 1848) a very frequent weed : by
European colonists also, was carried to Bombay, observed by Graham “ in gardens, not common;”
and to Burmah (Mason).
A m a r y l l i s b e l l a d o n n a of Tropical America. Received from the West Indies and termed “ lilium
bella donna” by Hermann parad. pl. 194; — describecl also by Seba i. pl. 17, and Linnæus; and
observed by myself, naturalized throughout Madeira, even in wild woodland situations. By European
colonists also, recently introduced into Hindustan (Graham). Said to grow wild on Barbadoes and
other West India Lslands, and in Surinam (Pers.).
J L y c h n i s a l p i n a of the Arctic region and alpine summits farther South. Observed by O. Rudbeck
jun. 98 in L ap land ;— by Fries, in FJnland, Sweden, and Norway; and known to grow as far
as the mountains of Scotland and Wales (fl. Dan. pl. 65), also on the Pyrenees (A. Dec.) ancl Swiss
Alps (H:dl. i. pl. 7), on the Northern portion of the Ural mountains as well as around Lake Baikal
and in Daouria (Ledeb. i. 329). Westward, was observed by Hooker on Iceland, and received from
Labrador ; is known to grow in Greenland and on Melville Island (Wats.).
P h y l l o d o c e c o e r u l e a of the Arctic region ancl mountain-summits farther South. A low yew-leaved
shrub observed by O. Rudbeck jun. 97 in Lapland; — by Gmelin, in Siberia as fa ra s Kamtchatka,
and received from the American coast; known to grow also on the Altaian mountains (A, Dec.), in
one locality in Perth county in Scotland (Bab.), and near Bagnères de Luchon in the Pyrenees
(Munby). Westward, was observed by Crantz in Greenland (Hook.) ; was received by Pursh from
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