zieherin bestellt. Der Prinz heirathet Jagodharä (Tochter des
Königs Suprabuddha). Kabilaphat ist die Stadt des Gelben. Die
Brahmanen Magadha’s hörten von dem einen weissen Stier reitenden
Mahadeva auf seinem Löwensitze (den sie als Familiengott
verehrten), von Ganega auf dem Berge Kailasa (wo Uma Blumen
pflückte) empfangen, dass die Befreiung nur auf dem Buddha-
Wege sei (s. Taranatha). Am Ende seines Lebens begab
sich Nagarjuna*) (der Verbreiter des Madhyamikasystems nach
(425 p. d.). Les Chingulais tiennent par tradition que Budu a demeuré long
temps dans l’isle, menant une vie, très pénitente et très-sainte (l’an quarantième
de l ’ère chrétienne). L ’isle de Ceylon est partagée en quatre diocèses sous un
pontife (soumis au Terumvansse), qui gouverne les Gones de leurs districts, le
premier fait sa résidence près de Sofragan et a soin du fameux pagode, consacré
à Hilciperumal, père de Visun, le second demeure près de Calané dans le pagode
de Biwxura perumal, père de Kama, le troisième est à Catagarama, qui est le
pagode du grande idole Caude Suami, fils de Visnu, le quatrième est attaché au
pagode d'Altenor, qui est dédié à Visnu. Les enchanteurs à Ceylon endorment
les crocodiles, quand on vent aller se laver dans les rivières (s. Kibeyro). The
founder of the Siamese religion has various names, one of which is Somona
Codom or he who steals cattle (Finlayson). Somona Codom, the cattle-stealer, a
Singalese, was the missionary who first propagated the religion (Vedas) in Siam
(Roberts). Die buddhistische Schule der Sammatya gründet ihre Lehrsätze auf
die Hinajäna-Sutra, die den Gaina fremd war. T iv v o i, 01 Ivfcvonoytcorai (nach
Hesychius). Nach Hiuen-thsang fand sich in Taxacilä die Çvetavâsa (Çvetâmbara)
genannt Secte der Gaina.
*) In distinction from the Srawacas, the Hinayana school (founded on the schism
of the synode at Vaisali) demonstrated the source of existence no longer from
the four tru th s only, hu t from the twelve Nidana (based on the four truths),
Nagarjuna (Lugrub’ in Tibetan) founded (400 years after Buddha) the Mahayana-
System (in southern India). According to the tibetan historiograph Taranatha the
most important Mahayana, hooks have already appeared in the time of Sri Saraha
or Rahulabhadra, who lived shortly before Nagarjuna. Nagarjuna received the
hook Paramartha (or the hooks Avatamsaka) from the Nagas, to whom Sakiamuni
had taught more philosophical doctrine (as guardians of his teachings). According
to the Chinese Nagarjuna thought his system an original one, till he discovered the
ressemblance in the teachings, left by Sakiamuni with the Nagas. The reformer Aryas-
angha (chagpa thogmed in tibetan) founded the Yogacharya school or the contemplative
Mahayana (fifth century p. d.)". Aryasanga was taught his doctrine by the
future Buddha Maitreya (the president of the region Tushita), from whom he received
back the five treatises of Champai chos nga (the five hooks of Maitreya). Of
the books of the Mahayana, the first division illustrates, the principles of Nagardem
Süden und bekehrte den König Idajana. Das Mahayana
kam auf, als der ehrwürdige Mandjusri am Hause des Königs
Chandragupta in Odiviga Mahayana’s Gesetz*) vortrug und ein
juna, which have been adopted by the Madhyamika school (Bnmapa in Tibetan),
the second (more developed) is appropriated by the Yogacharja school. The Pra-
sanga branch is the most important of the Madhyamika system. Maitreya is (in
Tibetan) called Champa. The fundamental doctrine of the Mahayana school is
that of the emptiness or nothingness of things (Sanyata or Tongpanyid), called
also Prajna Paramita (the supreme intelligence which arrives at the other side of
the river). A buddhistic priest preached in China 217 a. d., hut was sent away.
Buddhism was introduced in Ladak 240 a. d. Nägärjuna, called Näga Koshuna or
Loung-chou by the Chinese, is placed in their traditional chronology, which they
borrowed from the Buddhists in Northern India, 400 years after the Nirwana.
The Tibetans assign the same date to him. In the list of the patriarchs however,
he occupies the 14th place and dies 738 years after Buddha (Muller). The list
of the 33 Buddhist patriarchs, gives the date of their death from Chakia-mouni,
who died 950 a. d., to Soui-neng, who died 713 p. d. The twelfth patriarch,
Maning (Deva Bodhisattwa) is placed by the Chinese 300 years after Buddha.
In the list of the, patriarchs he dies 618 years after the Nirvana. Nirvana ist
die gänzliche Vernichtung der Schmerzen und der Attribute oder Aggregate der
Existenz (der Skandhas). Nach Obry bleibt seihst im Nirvana sans reste d’Upadhi
(Persönlichkeit) immer das denkende Princip übrig. Nirvana (va oder blasen mit
der Negationir) beisst (im Tibetischen) Mya ngnan las hdaspa (der Zustand
dessen, der von Schmerz befreit ist) und (im Mongolischen) Ghassalang etse
angkidschirakasan oder Ghassalang etse noktschiksen (vom Jammer abgeschieden
oder dem Jammer entwichen). The success attained by the Prasanga-Madhya-
mika school is due, is great measure, to the excellent commentaries and introductory
works written in the 8th and 9th centuries by Chandrakirti (dava dagpa in
Tibetan) and other learned men. These events coinciding with a numerous
emigration of Indian priests into Tibet caused the Prasanga school to be at
present considered by the Tibetan Lamas as that which alone taught and gave
the true explanation of the faith revealed by the Buddha (s. Schlagiutweit). The
Buddha has two kinds of Nirvana, the Nirvana with remains (in the body Nir-
mankaya) and (assuming the body Dharmakaya) the Nirvana without remains. The
five essential properties of sentient existence (Skandhas or Silaskandhas) are called
(in Tibetan) Tsulkhrim kyi phungpo (the agregates of morals).
*) According to the Vrihat Katha, the Bodhisattwa Nagarjuna, minister of (the
king of Chirayapur) Chirayu, allowed his head to be cut off, to save the king’s
life, whose days his knowledge of the elixir of immortality had preserved beyond
the natural limits and the enmity of whose son and successor he had consequently
provoked, his death however being really brought about, by the deities, who could
not bear his beginning, to render men immortal. A large portion of the Kali