miis wurde (in Japan) das Gesetzbuch Ritz Rio durch Fusiworlds
to serve, as suitable abodes for them, calling this system of fictitious
Buddhas, i;he Mahay ana (ta-cheng or great development). Among these teachers
the leading fnjnd was Lung-shii or Nagardjuna, with whom originated in Thibet
the Madhyamika system in philosophy. He composed the Chinese Central Shastra
(Chung In n ), on which is based the Tian-tai-school (giving a symbolical interpretation
to the mythology of th e Buddhist books). The Sutra Hwa yanking was
composed by Lung chu. The Chinese preface says, that Lung-shu-pu-sa, having
exhausted the study of all human literature, entered the Dragon palace, to
examine the Buddhist Pitaka (san tsang). He there found three forms of the
Hwa-yan-king. The largest was divided into sections innumerable. The next
of 1200 sections, and the smallest (which he gave to the world) of 48 sections.
The works of the great development class contain many new Buddha and Bodhi-
sattwas, distingusled by attributes of goodness, knowledge and magical power
(with new worlds to display their attributs), as symbolical explanations of Buddhist
dogmas (as interpreted in the Tian-tai commentary as the Fahwaking).
The Buddha are called „surpassing wisdom,“ „self-possessed wisdom“ etc. The
Bodhisattwas are called „c'htef of the law“ , „chief in merit“ etc. Each of the
ten worlds is ruled by a Buddha. To the East in the kingdom of the golden
coloured world, the Buddha o f „wisdom unmoved“ "presides. Wen-chu (Mand-
jushri) and a crowd of other Bodhisattwas, attend his instructions, as he sits on
a lion dais, surrounded by lotus-flowers. To the South, West and North, to
the North-East, South-East, South-West, North-West, are other worlds. Towards
the Zenith and Nadir two other worlds make up the number ten, each having a
governing Buddha and countless Bodhisattwas, ^worshipping and listening. Ananda,
the nephew of Shak)amuni, compiled from memory all the works of the Buddhist
Sutras. Among the fabled worlds, located in distant s£ace, the most prominent
is the paradise of Am-itabha. In the Wu-liang-sheu-king (Amitabha-sutra) Buddha
speaks of a king 'in a former Kalpa, who adopting the monkish life (as fa tsang
or treasure of* the law), became by rapid growth of virtue and knowledge, a
Bodhisattwa, uttering (to the Buddha, who was his teacher) 48 wishes (referring
to the good he desired accomplished for living beings). Having become Buddha,
as Amitabha or O-mi-to-fuh, he resides in a world far in the west to fulfil his
48 wishes for the benefit of mankind. In his beautiful paradise is neither hell,
nor abode of hungry ghosts, nor fear to transmigrate in an animal. The lifetime
of this Buddha is without limit, lasting through countless Kalpas and therefore
he is called Amitabha (Wu-liang-sheu or boundless age). Two Bodhisattwas
(Kwan-shi-yin and Ta-schi-.chi), anxious to save multitudes of living beings are
worshipped assiduously (with Amitabha) by the northern Buddhists (radiating
light over 3000 worlds). In addition nine other worlds occupy Zenith, Nadir
and the intermediate positions. . Achobhya and other Buddhas rule in the East,
numerous as the sands, each proclaiming the doctrine, that instructs and saves,
(o the inhabitants of his own kingdom. The Kwau-wu-liang-sheu-king belongs
war a (1720 p. (1.) vollendet.*) Im Jibushio oder Laipo (unter
den Hatch Sio) 'ist Oata rio oder Ya-poh mit Aufsicht Uber
Musik und Dichtkunst**) betraut (in Japan). Kaiser Zin-mu
(der Eroberer Yamatos) gilt als früherer Gott. ***) Die Einto
the text-books of the Tsing-tu (basing popular publications on the doctrine
of the Sutras.
*) Mercure, fils de Jupiter et de Maya, inventa la lyre (testudo) formée
d’une écaille de tortue et la donna en échange à Apollon pour le caducée. Les
Grecs l’appelaient Hermes, comme interprète des dieux. Mercure trjsmégiste
(trois fois grand) ou Thot (Thaut), conseiller d’Osiris, interpréta les caractères
hiéroglyphiques et enseigna aux Egyptiens la manière de mesurer leurs terres.
Die Schamanen der Buräten beten in einer Höhle (in der Nähe von ßegeldek),
seit auf Olchen das Bild des heiligen Nicolaus durch russische Priester auf-
gestellt wurde. Die von den Buräten auf Olchen angebetete Höhle erweitert sich
in der Spitze zu einer kegelförmigen Pyramide nach der Oberfläche des Berges. Le
bouddhisme indien on primitif, qui s’était répandu en Thibet vers le VII siècle,
ne pouvait résister aux coups du réformateur Tsongkaba (XIV siècle). Le corps
de Tsongkaba, conservé à la lamaserie de Kaldan, s’y tient miraculeusement
suspendu à deux pieds au dessus du sol. Jnlian gedachte die Empfehlungsschreiben
(epistolae formàtae), die die Christen von einer Provinz zur ändern
leiteten, auch bei den Heiden einzuführen (Sievers).
**) Les Toolholos (des Mongols) chantent les sujets nationaux et dramatiques,
(s. Hue): Le chemin de la fille de l’Empereur (Koütcheou-dchamt) qui traverse
le fleuve Toula près du Grand-Cduren, fut tracé pour le voyage d'une priucesse,
que l’empereur de Chine donnait en marriage à un roi des Kalkhas. Quelquefois
(en cas de maladies) le Lama se contente de dire (aux Mongols) qu’il n’est
besoin ni de pilulés, ni de prière, qu'il faut attendre avec patience, que
le malade guérisse ou succombe, suivant l’arrêt prononcé par Hormoustha
(Hue). C’est toujours un Tchutgour (diable)' qui tourmente (daus l ’opiuiou des
Tartars ou Mongols) la partie malade. Si le malade est pauvre, le Tchutgour
est petit, mais pour faire partir, le grand diable (puissant et terrible) d’un riche
homme, on doit lui préparer de beaux habits, un beau chapeau, une belle paire
de bottes, et surtout un jeune et vigoureux cheval. Du fond du sanctuaire du
temple, le Guison-Tamba reçoit (à Kouren), les hommages perpétuels de la foule
d’adorateurs, incessamment prosternés devant lui (s. Hue). Aiuo means between
(in refereree to the origin from a dog).
***) Sagala or Sangala (the capital of the Kathayans or Kshatriyas) between
the Hydrastes and Hyphasis (Ravi and Pipasa) was destroyed by Alexander
Magnus. It was rebuilt as Euthymedia or Euthydemia by king Euthydemus of
Bactria (the present Hurrepati). It is mentioned, as Sakala (in the Mahabarat),
the city of the Bahikas or Arattas, who lived without ritual or religious observances
(in contradistinction to the orthodox Hindus of the Vedas). According