Monate aufgeführt, mit den an bestimmten Tagen von den buddhistischen
Priestern zu beobachtenden Vorschriften. Auf japanischen
Grabsteinen finden sich oft Inschriften in den Budido *)
genannten Sanscritbuchstaben.
Im Theater (Shibaya) wurde das Drama Itschkawagoemung
aufgeführt, von dem Helden Itschkawagoemung (Hegensaki-
*) To distinguish them from the Cami or Sin (who have been worshipped
since ancient times), the foreigfi gods are called (by the Japanese) Biidsd and
Fotoke. According to the signification of the letter s, Budsdo signifies the way
of the foreign idols (the way and manner to serve the foreign idols). The
native country of Buds or Siaka is (according to the Japanese) Megattakokf or
the province Magatta in the land Tensik (the heavenly country). He was born
(according to the Chinese) 1029 a. d. or (according to the Siamese) 542 a. d.
His father was king of Magattakokf (or Ceylon). In the age of 19 years, Siaka
left the palace and went for instruction to the hermit Arara Sennin on the
mountain Dandokf, where he (sitting crosslegged and with folded hands) by deep
meditation (Sasen) attained the revelation of godlike truths (Satori), exploring
heaven and hell and penetrating into the power, which governs the world. After
a life of 79 years, he died 950 a. d. The place of bliss is called Gokurakf (the
place of eternal comfort) and every one enjoys there a pleasure, corresponding
to his merits. Amida is the chief of the heavenly countries and the protector
of human so u ls, who attain bliss by his pardon. To live a virtuous life and
not to fail against the laws, laid down by Siaka, is the only way, to be received
by Amida and to obtain bliss. Bad people have to suffer pains in the place
called Dsigokf, where the judge Jemma (Jemma 0 ) is informed of all deeds of
men by his great mirror Ssofarino Kagami (the mirror of knowledge). If the
virtuous life of their relations or the endeavours of the priests to obtain Amida’s
pardon, have relieved the damned souls, they return from the abode of darkness,
to be reborn in the shape of animals. Amongst the disciples of Siaka, the chief
ones were Annan (Annan Sonsja) and Kasia (Kasia Sonsja), who collected his
sayings in the book, called Fokekio (the book of selected flowers) or Kio (the
book). The first Bukkio was brought to Japan 550 p. d. and 568 appeared (in
the province Tsino Cami) a precious image of Amida (surrounded by glory) which
had been brought from Tensiko (India) to Fakkiisai (Korea) and had the temple
Sanquosi in Sinana built for its reception under the reign of the japanese emperor
Kimmei, who changed the era of Cengo in that of Nengo (following the Chinese).
The Gokai or five commandments of Siaka, which have to be observed by all his
followers, are : Se Seo, not to k ill; Tsu To, not to steal; Syain, not to whore; Mago,
not to lie ; Onsiu, not to drink inebriating liquors. By amplification they become
ten commandments (Sikkai) and the learned ones have to observe the Go Fiakkai
(500 commandments). Sinto signifies the accustomed way of philosophers, and
Koijuro) handelnd, der die Wächter des Yakonin (Edelmanns)
Kunnosthatokitschi (Shaka-higasch Skosabaro) tödtet und seine
Geliebte, das Theehausmädchen (Nangai-nus me) Keschefio
(Itschkawschimbi) befreit, aber von dieser an seine Feinde ver-
rathen wird, die sie bestochen hatten, ihn heimlich seines Schwertes
zu berauben. In einem Bilderbuch der Japanesen wird die
Geschichte des wunderkräftigen Affen erzählt. Ihre Geschichten
sprechen von einem Priester, der für buddhistische Bücher nach
den östlichen Ländern Asiens geschickt wurde und mit Schiffsladungen
derselben zurückkehrte. Shusanno-Shakka oder der
Shakka des Waldes kam nach Jap an von dem Negerlande Ko-
lobonokunni, das Indien (Tiensiko) bezeichnet.
Ausser dem Damenspiel, das auf einem Brett mit acht breiten
und acht längliehen Feldern gespielt wird, kennen die Japaner
das Schach (Josin) auf einem Brette mit neun langen und neun
breiten Feldern. Den König (Osang oder Taykun) umgeben
zwei Königinnen (King oder Gold), dann folgt au f jeder Seite
ein Läufer (Ging oder Silber), ein Springer (Keh oder Pferd)
und ein Thurm (Jarru oder Speerträger). Auf dem Felde vor
dem des rechten Springers steht ein Minister (Cha) und auf dem
Felde vor dem des linken Springers ein Gehülfe (Kakfu). Die
folgende Linie wird von neun Fu oder Kulies eingenommen.
Der König bewegt sich rückwärts und vorwärts, nach beiden
S in d o s ja (o r S iu d o s ju i n P lu r a l ) a r e th e p h i lo s o p h e r s , w h o fo llow th i s r u l e )
e x e rc is in g v i r t u e b y n a t u r a l law s ) . K o o s i o r C o n f u c iu s , w h o s e b o o k s w e r e c o l le c t e d ,
as S is io ( fo u r h o o k s ) b y M o o s i , w a s t h e f i r s t , w h o t a u g h t th e h ig h e s t g o o d to
e x is t in th e e x e r c is e o f v i r t u e . T h e p h ilo s o p h y to e x e r c is e v i r t u e c o n s is ts in
five p a r t s : D s in , to liv e v i r t u o u s l y ; G i, to a c t r ig h t e o u s ly ; R e , to b e h a v e c o u r t e o
u s ly ; T s i , to g o v e r n j u s t l y ; S in , to k e e p a c l e a r c o n s c ie n c e . T h e s o u ls , a f t e r
d e a th , r e t u r n to th e u n iv e r s a l s o u l o f T e n (h e a v e n ) . T h e h ig h e s t b e in g w a s
c re a te d a s p r o d u c t io n o f s k y a n d e a r t h ( In a n d I o ) . F o o d is p l a c e d f o r th e a n c
e sto rs o n ta b l e t s , c a lle d B io s ju . O f t h e i r h o u s e g o d s , th e J a p a n e s e p la c e ch ie fly
th e b la c k h o r n e d G iw o n o r G o d s u T e n Oo ( th e b u l l - h e a d e d P r in c e o f h e a v e n )
over th e d o o r s to a v e r t s ic k n e s s e s , a n d c h ie fly th e sm a l l- p o x , o th e r s p la c e th e
im ag e o f a n a t iv e o f J e s o , c a r r y in g a sw o rd in b o th h a n d s , fo r p r o t e c t i o n , o r
d rag o n s a n d d e v i ls -h e a d s . T h e J a p a n e s e p la c e s om e t im e s a tw ig f rom th e F a n n a
S k im m i-tre e b e f o r e th e i r h o u s e s , to in s u r e g o o d l u c k , o r o th e r p l a n t s w h ic h
have th e p o w e r to d r iv e aw a y e v il s p i r i t s .