É 36 3
fefiftance againft the' Wrift-board o f the plodgh’ vèry éo'nfidërably | and'iri
taking up lays will pteverit the furróWs from falling ddwnr bfecaufe Cheiarigld
arid the coultef cut the edge of the“ furr’oW winch lays riridermoft tpf:.Êtve&
to reft it upon,? rind theÓentér ffi gravity óf thë furrow being without 'thd.
perpendicular,“ the angular point fervésr a's a ifttlcrütaf ftb Counter-a‘61 ‘the1
elafticity arid fpringinefs of the turf.
“ The fhare m courfe'falls next to be corifidered; the figure to reri'drir it
the moll complete for cutting, and laying an "equal ftrefs on -the plough,
when a thin ftirfow is to be cut, and the' foil yielding, WouM'be ftich a curve
as'é, b, cv- -Fig. 2.
“ But, as ififf ór gravelly' foils: require to be pointed,. I have found the
figure whifch fuits bed in1 general, to be fuch as a, d, c ; but howevter far it
rhay be found hedeflary to alter the point o f the fhafe ih regard to length, or
taper, at aiPeVehts the fin'c ought to be held the full width ó f thèi:foïróW,'
efpecially in taking up lays iri order to crit the furrow th o ro u g h 'otherWifé a
paft óf the larid!muft be torn up by the wrill-bdard of \he ploughs which
retards the üiotióh very confiderably, and ofteri -leaves flips ó f land unmoved,
which is not only unfightly but detrimental:L
“ The Tutrów bèing’ riow 'cut,- the method" to turn incompletely at'the
leaft,expence oF^rd^ ought'next to be pointed ’oiffpand that* fort of wrifl-
briardv which I have fouridr .to anfwer beffy-isr a compound 'inclined plain,
wfrofe bafe lays horizontal, and hypotheriufe firbtends ah'-Sriglë'thereto of
nineteeri degrees ; the perpendicular ought to be 'Wfouffch0 tööre^than the
Width tif the frirToW, rikd the greateft óf ext'reiri^.prëjdétibör' at ; thé-hauffil-fe
from fhe land-fi&e of the plough, taken upon a horizontal line, Lbrighf to^bè
óne-fRird tnore than the width anid thicknefs '-of the furföw, < wMèh' is
intended to be turned; ‘and the furrow fide of the chip iriade exaótly parallel
to its dand-fide, and eight-tenths of “the width of the intended furrow in
width,» Nothing more is to be- done to complete the wrift-board, -but to
work it tb a regular twift, from the point of the fhare to" thé haufiêh, or
extrqriie point of projections to which the. fhare fhould truly coffefporid as
far as it extends,' and if pf that fort commonly called pan-fhares,' they may
êafily be made to anfwér that purpofe. Thus a Wrift?bóard may be eorifiruéted
which has all the requifites for turning a furrow, without any unavoidable
réfiftance or preflure.
“ The principles the above are deduced from are as follow; Vjz. The angle,
of mriétèéri degrees (which anfwers riéafly to One incp Of rife,' iri three inches
iri lerigth) cuts the perpendicular at the point where the furrow lies;' its
center of gravity begins to diverge (being proje&ed by the extreme point-or
haunch) the full diftance of the width 'of the trerich or furrow, and thicknefs
theréoF; arid as the furrcf&f is twifted from the point of the fhare Upon its
one edge to the faid point of extreme projeótion, - the_ angle of nineteen
degrees;
1 37 ^
M j W W B t e inclined' piafié, juft fpacê enough to
elafticity-óf its prits, and the fame of its thicknefs, and width of
& öved off its pkfce ‘bèlewf mdft, if the Under edge“:
tKe"f'lirrqw' in ‘eqéiltbrio < but aè it-Was by the
fideways angle of the coulter cut angular, and the: apex afting as its fulcrum
thC I f ° f ê^vity becomes fooner in equilibria': and left any accidental,
I '^ o üM T fe v ^ th e ; WorMng'éömplétedj-i third,Of the width and
feeiris fufficient 3
in «poh the body of
n n B & l m ^ «M iPm ih é i|h \ '6 ft® èT u r row is ptopofed? all
:"ahd^m^è'feaïriikny wrift-boards iriade'^
r a n H n SmI of t u r n * .
I Q G B a g B {cb 2^ 1e ta y» b a^ d beenJ bold' to *&y the conftrriftion
has £l' th e -P e » fe § %'türni>n^ without aüy--WeriaI wafte O f
fOT^a^C.ö’S
H É M “eferifd# H M
M M liH t ia tififie ‘pfórigh,' -is ‘ cbmiribrily
abOüt thferifeé^ IHhg1, Hri _tBefèómfixta^tóri^üéËóripr knd-'ftarids parallel-'to the
ïri 'é^erySpart, whidB’loccafióïtèW' great deal ’o f
H H I ploughmen ^giWe' ÏÓrvffie 1 chip* ór fhare | being |
c8ffiihued tM ich i length; i's^that it ’gives the'|loi^ll'ftdadmef4 k s thfey call
’ï : affirm,:'that a pldugHp'WHem other matters are“.,
ordered ftgaay’wheriits-' land f i d ^ but' halfithat length: by
'thl^Mn^ri^. thé' W i | H fó-iriconfidérablethat' it-is'
pfovidffig-ag^i#by a friftiori Wheel-,- &c. j I
fri&o 1? v^hich "the bottom óf the'plough, as itis-a fled in the common-
cMf&.iï6tion, mo^^^éxi^fuiSibr3èd^kd^ation,-»WÈl®^Ppt©.pofó'’ to- abate?by
cóft^rtingit ihtcTa wKetei-cirriage * irifthS'-fölöwirig'marinéri':' ’
’ “ „Jhat parbrÖf thb fhsfifè "which- i’s2 within aground, ’andfj tïh®fewöf' tho chip
óf thé’ plough, are Ibaded;Withfithe->pefiftari’éè' of - .'cutting, -the furrow
a nM a t ‘óf iis'Weight .in- turning-ft? J0Vier,J &fc. ^Hd", has^the- bottom of thé ;
fur-ref^» or rather trerich, föE - its' bifis,vj£which! Is generally- very- “.rugged,
corifequently' the fridliori riirift bè WÓr^r#:,: a^appearS-' by the of jtbofe
parts :%riów a« the''ffididri upon ajl'edy>dèlérè pinkus, isr-tó-theifriaion upon
a'-’whÓébcafriage' iri'-thè^pfriportiori ,öf^heïdiaffleter.|^t.he..wheel to th e'
diameter (« th e e ax-le^girdep :thb - longer the wMdel,»-ars wheels - are, that, are
applied, affd’the* fmkUbrjit'he axle-ttéé-is,, the' better;-? büüèörivenient'e is- the
cfitéffen.to deterinine tlM:4; and the netóerithe point o f théöüiarethe wheels
are fixed (as the greateft- preflure is there) the more advantage they will give;
f f< »- -cfOs t -.; -t I.-'-.- . .. and.
This I tried Cxteen years ago Wth fome fuccefs (though not in the manner hereafter deforibed); and one
or t-Hiplo^ghs is now in being that was made' ai that time.