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were also cnlargea and improved ; Prince Cliaales had a new park made near Potsdam,
called Glinike, wliich is very beautiful ; and, connected Avith it, and the other works
(anlagen) of the place, was a Russian colony of twelve houses, laid out in the taste of
their OAvn comitry. (Otto, in Gard. Mag., vol. iii. p. 93.)
321. The public gardens and promenades o f Prussia arc chiefly in the neighbourhood
of Berlin and Magdeburg ; and, being generally on flat surfaces, they are much more
indebted to art than to nature.
322. Unter den Linden (under the lime trees) is a celebrated street, at the end of
Avhich is the no less celebrated Brandenburg Gate. “ This gay and splendid street,”
Granville observes, “ is planted Avith double avenues of Hme frees, and presented to my
view a scene far more beautiful than I had hitherto witnessed in any town, either in
France, Flanders, or Germany.” (Travels, p. 270.) “ It is called the Linden walk,” says
Bramsen, “ from its being overshadoAvcd by triple roAvs of hndcn, or lime trees, of the
most graceful appearance. I t forms the centre of a street, having a carriage road on
each side, from Avhich it is protected by handsome lines of granite posts, connected hy
iron chainwork, and illuminated by large reflecting lamps. One end of it leads into
the pai'k through the celebrated Ilraiidcnbmg Gate, whicli is an elegant structure,
designed after the Propyloeum of Athens.” (Letters, &c., p. 29.) To complete this
beautiM street, hoAvevcr, in a suitable manner, Granville remarks that paved footways
are still wanting, (Travels, p. 270.)
323. The Thier Garten (Avild beast garden) lies immediately outside the Brandenburg
Gate, the road from wliich forms a straight avenue through it from Berhn to Char-
lottenbm-g and Potsdam. The extent is upwards of 200 acres, the sm-face perfectly
flat, and the soil a loose barren sand. I t was not to be expected that a it could effect
much Avith such a subject ; but nevertheless, by planting the commoner sorts of deciduous
trees, and by the aid of Scotch pines and Nonvay firs as evergreens, the surface
has been covered Avith Avood, moisture retained in the soil, and an annual manure
obtained from the dropping of the leaves. Ilcre, then, is a foundation laid, not only for
sheltering and nourishing tho finer sorts of trees and shi-ubs, hut for the productiou of
tm-f, Avithout which no park dcsei-ves the name. Accordingly, this has been done to a
certain extent ; and there is no Avant of rural coffee-houses, and other places of enjoyment.
Wc do not, hoAvever, agree with Bramsen in his opinion that the Thier Garten is one of
the finest public gardens in Europe. The park and gardens of Magdebm-g Avill he described
at length hereinafter.
324. Public winter gardens appear to have originated in Berlin soon after the peace of
1814 ; and there arc scarcely any, excepting those of that city, some at Potsdam, one or
tAvo at Vienna, and one at Strasburg, in France. They are the invention of M. BonchC*,
whose garden, hoAvcA'cr, is long since gone to decay, and the principal establishment of
this description at Berlin is now that of M. Teiclimann. The Berlin winter gardens are
simply large greenhouses, or Avhat would be called in England orangeries, with paved
floors, a lofty ceiling, plastered like that of a room, and upright Avindows in front. The
air is heated by stoves, which arc supplied with fuel from behind. On the floor are
placed, here and there, large orange trees, mjrtles, and various New Holland plants, in
boxes. The plants are mostly such as have a single stem of at least three or four feet in
height, and round the stem and over the boxes a table is formed by properly contrived
boards ; so that the tree appears to he growing out of the centre of the table. These
tables, Avhich are sometimes round, and sometimes square, are for the use of the guests,
either to take refreshments upon, or for pamphlets and newspapers. Sometimes on each
table there is a circle of handsome odoriferous flowers, such as hyacinths, narcissuses,
mignonette, &c., in pots, round the stem of the tree ; in other cases there is no table, but
the box is covered with beautiful flowering plants : and in some parts of the floor, ono
handsome tree in the middle is surrounded by several smaller trees and plants ; so as to
form a mass or clump of verdure and flowers, such as wc see in pleasm-e-grounds. Tlie
flowers which are generally found in these winter gardens, throughout the winter, ai-e
hyacinths, narcissuses, ranunculuses, tulips, crocuses, roses, heaths, camellias, acacias,
epacriscs, corroeas, &c, There are also various climbers, ciu-ious or showy stove plants,
pine-apples in fruit, cactuses, &c., and sometimes even hardy fr-uit trees in pots, which
have been forced, the latter both in flower and in fi-uit. The proprietors of the gardens
have generally small forcing stoves, for the pm-pose of bringing forward and
keeping up their supplies. I t is almost needless to say that in these gardens or orangeries
there are plenty of seats and small movable tables ; there ai-e also, generally, bands
of music, a reciter of poetry, a reader, a lecturer or some other person or party to supply
vocal or intellectual entertainment ; and short plays have even been acted on the Sundays.
In the evening the Avhole is illuminated, and on certain days of the week the music and
illuminations are on a grander scale than ordinary. In some of these orangeries there
are separate saloons, with billiard tables for ladies who object to the smoke of tobacco,
also for card-playing, and for select parties. I f you enter these gardens in the early
part of the morning, during the Avinter season, you will find gentlemen reading
the
newspapers, taking chocolate, and talking pohtics; after three o’clock, you will see
.
ladies and gentlemen, and people of every description, sitting among the trees, talking
reading, and smoking; or with punch, grog, coffee, beer, or wine before them. In the
saloons, you will see those gentlemen and ladies Avho cannot bear tobacco ; which, however,
iu some orangeries, is not allowed, and in others is only permitted till a certain time
in the day. When the audience leave the theatre in the evening, a gi'cat nmnber of
Avell-dressed people, of both sexes, are in the habit of visiting these gardens before they
go home, to see the beauty of the vegetation when brilhantly illuminated by artificial
light, and to talk of the play and the players.
325. The public garden o f A ix la Chapelle is formed on the site of the ancient ramparts
of the city. I t includes a very considerable extent of ground. Ou the outside of
the walls the old ditches have been filled up, and converted into walks and shi'ubberies,
for the use of the inhabitants. The Boulevards, Avithin the Avails, have undergone the
same change. But the grand promenade at Aix la Chapelle is the slope of the hill of
Louisberg, Avhich descends to the very walls of the town, and has a convenient carriage-
road, as well as a handsome footwalk leading up to the summit, Avhence is exliibited a
magnificent panorama of the whole horizon. (Tour in South Holland, ^c. p. 226.) Granville
says, that, in addition to these resom'ces, it is proposed to form a jardin Anglais.
(Travels, &c., vol. i. p. 86.)
326. The cemeteries in Prussia offer nothing remarkable. Those of Berlin are within
the exterior walls of the city, but still at some distance ft-om the houses, and totally unconnected
Avith the chm-ches. They contain few good monuments, and. still fewer trees
and shrubs ; because the people of the north are comparatively cold in their affections
for the dead, as for the living. The cemetery of A ix la Chapelle partakes of the more
ornamented character of its la titu d e; the chm'chyards of Kbnigsburg, and of all the
most northern parts o fth e Prussian dominions, are characterised hyAvooden crosses and
crucifixes, but are almost totally without trees or Avalks.
Division iii. Gardening, as an A r t o f Design and Taste, in Bavaria.
327. Landscape-gardening is more encouraged in Bavaiia than it is in any other state
of Germany. The first impulse given to this taste was by the laying out of the English
garden of Munich, under the direction of Count Rumford, by Louis Sckell, 1789.
Previously to that period, Maximilian I. had a geometric garden planted in Munich in
1614, and subsequently Maximilian Joseph greatly enlarged Nymphenburg, and added
the English garden by Sckell, and foi-med an extensive botanical collection.
328. The garden o f the palace o f Anspach contains twenty or thirty acres, laid out in
the simplest form of the French manner, being intersected by walks, so as to throw it
into square and parallelogram compartments, bordered by rows of trees. There is au
orangery here, that has long been celebrated in Germany : it is about 300 feet long, 30
feet high, and 30 feet w id e ; it contains 107 large orange trees in boxes, Avhich were, in
November, 1828, covered with fmit. The stems of some of these frees Avere upAvards of
a foot iu diameter, and the heads from ten to tAvelve feet across. There were a few other
common greenhouse plants, such as pomegranates, olives, myrtles, &c. In an adjoining
greenhouse was a small collection of ordinary greenhouse pla,nts, and there were pits
and fr-ames for forcing and protecting culinary vegetables.
329. The palace and gardens o f Nymphenburg are situated about four miles from
Munich, on a perfectly flat surface, without any distant prospect, the country around
being elevated tahlc-laud for several miles in every direction. There never Avas an
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