r '
1 toi ré
p i I ' l | f ;!
P M í r é t o
to " 1 # )
: f H Í
r é ‘;^
p’.ace potted roses in th e ice-cold cellar in autumn,
and do not take them out till th e August following,
by this means you will have a fine show in October
and November. (5375.) Evergreens, the hardiest
sorts at the beginning, and the less so at the end of
the month. (G146.)
Prune such deciduous shrubs as you have neglected
last month; evergreens from th e middle to
th e end of the month. (2544.)
Foi-m and repair lawns, by procuring and laying
turf, and by sowing grass-seeds. Where it is desired
to destroy moss on extensivelawns, fold sheep
till it be trod clown and killed by pressure and man
u re ; on small lawns, roll. In shady, damp situations,
however, moss makes a better lawn than
g ra s s ; and it should be encouraged, by forming the
surfoce of lawns of bog earth, in all situations where
grasses do not thrive, as in towns, under close trees,
fee. Mow established lawns twice am o n th ; attend
to gravel aud margins. (5026.)
9. Trees. — Nursery department.
Fruit trees. (4725.) Finish sowing kernels for
stocks, or new varieties. P la n t cuttings ofthe vine,
fig, gooseberry, and currant, if it has been unavoidably
delayed .till this unfavourable season. Graft
the pear, plum, and apple. (2451.) Attend to newly
grafted trees, and repair cracks in the clay, or renew
such balls as may have dropped off; eradicate all
suckers, and pinch off shoots th a t protrude below
th e grafts.
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Finish sowing deciduous
sorts, as early as possible. Sow cedars,
cypresses, and other ornamental evergreens about
the end of the month. Sow in pots or boxes, or in
shady borders of soft peat ea rth. Transplant evergreens.
(6021. to 6097.)
Forest trees. Finish sowing common tree-seeds,
and commence with the resinous tribe, the larches,
firs, and pines ; th e cypresses, arbor-vit«s, &c.
Finish planting deciduous trees in nursery rows, as
early as possible. (6157.) Evergreensmaybetrans-
planted during the month. Kiln-dry th e cones of
the cedar and fir tribe, but not of th e pine trib e : and
get the seeds out in time for sowing the end of this
month or beginning of n ex t. (6083.)
10. Trees. — Permanent plantations and
park sceneiy.
Sow for forests and woods, and all sorts of profitable
plantations in masses. Observe, it is rather late
for nuts, berries, and keys, but this is th e proper
season for small seeds. (6098.)
Plant evergreen trees as pine, fir, cedar of L e banon,
holly, and yew, during the month ; but finish
planting deciduous sorts as early as possible. (2510.)
Wherever the plants are to be, or have been long
out of ground, take good care to keep the roots as
fresh and moist as possible ; and avoid exposing
them to th e sun and air. Be very careful in plant-
^Routine culture. Begin to hoe and clean the
ground in plantations, which have been made on
prepared ground. Crop the ground in newlymade
plantations, where cropping is intended.
Operations on ground or rocks may now be prosecuted
with vigour. This is also one of th e best
months for building. Road-making, draining, fencing,
&c. are advantageously performed during this
and the two preceding months. But improvements
can neither be well designed nor executed after the
trees are covered with leaves, and th e ground’s su rface
and qualities disguised by luxuriant herbaceous
' vegetation.
MAY.
Weather
at
Average of
the Thermometer.
Greatest
Variation
from the
Average.
Average
ofthe
Barometer.
Quantity
of Rain.
REMARKS.
Vegetation now goes on with great vigour, though there are
often very cold and even frosty nights, which materially
injure exotics, natives of the warmer climates, such as
London -
Edinburgh
Dublin
56 61
60 4
52 193
2 5 50 02
29 585
30 061
0-794 inch.
1-945
1-812
generally in high spirits and vigour during this month.
Woe to the young gardener who exhausts his spirits in
any other way than in self-improvement.
1. Kalendar of animated natui'e round
London.
I n the fir s t week : th e titla rk ( / l a ù d a pratènsis)
sings ; th e cuckoo (Cùciilus canòrus) is h e a rd ; the
gudgeon (C^prinus Gòbio) spawns; th e redstart
(SJilviaPhcenicilrus), swift (H iru n d o /'p u s ) , white,
throat (S;^lvia Cypselus), and stinging-fly (Cònops
cfilcitrans ; appear.
Secondweek : th e turtle-dove (Golümba TMrtur)
coos; th e red ant (Formica rùbra), th e laughing
wren (Currùca salicària), the common flesh-fly
(Müsca vomitòria), the lady-cow (Coccih'ella
bipunctata), grasshopper-lark (Currùcahaustella),
andwillow-wren (S 0 v ia Tróchilus) appear.
Thirdweek: the blue flesh-fly (Muscavomitbria,
ir.) appears; black slugs (Arlolse empiricbrum
F ir .) ab o u n d ; and th e large bat
var.)Í
Fér. )abounu ana tn bat appe ar..
Fourth week : th e great white cabbage-butterfly
(P ó n tia brâssicæ) and dragon-fly (Libèllula 4-ma-
culàta) appear ; the glow-worm shines ; and the
fern-owl, or goatsucker (Caprimúlgus europoe'us),
returns.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round
London.
I n the firs t week: Gèum urbànum, /rtemísf®
campéstris, lily o fth e vallev (Convallària majàlis),
water-violet (fiottòmo palùstris), tulip tree (Liriodéndron
Tulipifera), and numerous other plants,
in flower.
Second week : th e oak, ash, sweet chestnut , . . . .
tànea vésca), hawthorn (Cratæ'gus Oxyaeántha),
the common maple ( / 'c e r campestre), horsechestn
u t (Æ'sculus Hippocástanum),berberry(FeV6m5
vulgaris), and tbe A'juga réptans, in flower.
Thirdweek: the water scorpion-grass or forget-
me-not (Myosòtis palùstris), lime tree (Tilia),
milkwort (Poiygala vulgàris), nightshade (A'tropo
Belladònna), and various American shrubs, in
flower ; and rye (Secale cereale) in ear.
Fourth week: oaks, ashes, and beeches now ge-
lierally in leaf, and the mulberry (Mòrus nigra)
beginning to open its buds ; the cinnamon-rose and
some other hardy roses in flower; and also the
bramble (F ù b u s fruticòsus), moneywort (Lysimàchia
Nummulària), columbine (Aquilègia vulgàris),
and various other trees and shrubs, in blossom.
3. Kitchen-garden. — Culinary vegetables.
Sow hardy aromatic herbs, if not done,last month.
Small salads four times in th e month, for a complete
succession. Radishes and lettuce thrice.
(3708. and 3902.) Peas and beans once a week.
(3553.) Spinach once a fortnight. (3719.) Carrots,
for latedrawing,twice in themonth. (3666.) Borecole,
in th e first week, for a second main crop.
(3484.) Dwarf kidneybeans, in th e first week, for
a full crop in J u ly ; in th e last fortnight, for crops
in August and September. (3591.) Borecole and
Brussels sprouts for the last crop, and German
greens to come in for spring. Savoys for the last
crop. (3472.) Onions for drawing, young leeks
to be late transplanted, cauliflowers in the second
and third weeks for a Michaelmas crop. (3764.)
T h e less hardy aromatic herbs, and pumpkins, the
last fortnight. (4118.) Cucumbers for picklers
on a dry warm border, in th e last week.
Protection. Continue this nightly, for kidney-
beans and tender plants transplanted from hotbeds.
(6274.)
Propagate h yh filb s and dried roots. If abundance
of potatoes have not been planted, effect this
as early as possible ; in late situations they may be
planted till the middle of June. (3603.)
P la n t slips and offsets.
Transplant the brassica tribe, lettuce, celery, ra dishes,
and other plants for seed. (3461.)
Routine culture. Stick peas, top early crops of
beans, and also of peas ; earth up cabbages, beans,
peas, potatoes, &c. Thin, weed, hoe, and stir the
surface among seedling crops. Wa ter in dry weath
er, support stems, pinch off all decayed leaves, &c.
Destroy insects and vermin. (2460.)
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant strawberries, if it has not been done last
month. (3298.)
P?-w«ewhat trees you have neglected, and run the
risk of losing, forifyou leave them unpruned till autumn
it will require a year or two to restore them
to a proper state. Summer prune vines, peaches,
and other early shooting trees against walls, and
such gooseberries as are planted th ere to produce
early fruit. (4559.) Remove all suckers, except selected
ones of raspberries, and pinch off strawberry
runners as directed for last month. (4632.)
Routine culture. Mulch, protect, and water where
necessary. Water strawberries over th e herbage,
and especially after th e fruit is set.
Destroy insects, especially snails and caterpillars.
On th e first symptoms of the leaves rolling up, u n roll
them and pick out the grub before it does fur-
th e r mischief. Take special care it does not get at
th e petals of apple and pear blossoms. (4333.)
Fruit-room. Lookover thefruitofeverydescrip-
tion, which th e increase of temperature will now
cause to taint rapidly. (2192.)
Fruit-cellar. Open a few casks of such dessert
apples and pears as are now wanted for the table.
Close them as soon .as you have taken out the proper
quantity, and let them still remain in the cellar.
(2194.)
5. Culinaiy hothouse department.
Glass case without artificial heat. Remove glasses
from cauliflowers and kidneybeans, according to
th e weather. Sow capsicum under frames or handglasses
in a warm border. (3496.)
Hotbeds. Go on with hotbeds for frames for melons,
and build dung-ridges for growing cucumbers
under hand-glasses. (3253.) Sow cucumbers and
melons for late crops, and attend to th e various
particulars in their culture. Attend to air, water,
shade, insects, &c.
Pinery. Attend particularly to your fruiting
plants, give abundance of heat and water, and keep
down allmannes-of dirt, insects, ¿kc. (3093.) Attend
to minor articles cultivated in th e pinery, and to
routine culture of every kind. Think and act for
yo u rse lf; kaiendars too often mislead th e ignorant,
who rely on them implicitly, not considering th a t
no two cases are ever to be found exactly alike.
Forcing Department. Produce th e required temperatures,
and attend to all th e parts of good culture
and nea t management.
6. Flower-garden. — Open-gi'ound department.
Sow annuals of ali sorts for succession. Biennials
in th e nursery compartment for a stock for next
yea r. (5483.)
Propagate, especially by cuttings from the stalks,
as of waUflower, rocket, &c. (5468.)
Takeup bulbs and tuber roots, as crocus, hyacinth,
lily, &C. (5185.)
Transplant, as directed for the last month, stocks
and other sorts in pots for winter.
Protect tulip-beds andall ra re florists’ flowers from
th e midday sun, the rain, and the winds. (5201.)
Routine cuiiure. Hoe, rake, stir, weed, and (dear
away dead leaves. Do not neglect, whenever rain
has battered the ground, to stir it up and refresh it
as soon as it is nearly dry. Stir the surface round
close patches of annuals, and refresh and top-dress
a ll pots of pr(3longed annuals, now in full flower or
in seed. Keep all the primula tribe ra th e r dry at
this season, and in th e shade of a north wall. Plunge
th e pots in ashes or sawdust.
Destroy insects, and pick the grubs off roses. Detach
seed-pods from all plants you do not wish to
ripen seeds. Water, thin, and shade with judgment,
and keep a vigilant eye to order and neatness.
S hut yourself up in your room for two entire days,
o r go from home a similar time, and when you retu
rn and look over the garden you will see many
things th a t would have escaped you, had you gone
on plodding day after day. Remember that such
things are seen by others, and that, though all may
appear to you in good order, to another th ere may
be much slovenliness and confusion.
Store-room. Lay up crocus and other bulbs and
roots till wanted in the autumn.
7. Flower-garden. — Hothouse department.
Glass case without artificial heat. These will now
be chiefly employed with annuals in pots, for prolongation
and in striking from cuttings, &c. (I9s9.)
Hotbeds. (5115.) Go on as directed last month
with your tenderannuals. P la n t a few tuberoses for
succession. (5434.) Attend to cuttings and seedlings
from the hothouse and greenhouse departments.
Shift and transplant as occasion requires.
Greenhouse. Give «foundance of air every day,
and in mild nigiits leave some all n ig h t: water over
the top and shut the house in th e afternoon when
you water. This invigorates growth wonderfully.
Propagate as before. Shift most of the plants,
examine their roots.
Dry-stove. (5164.) Giveabundanceofair. Fires
will not now be wanted. Look to bulbs, as soon as
they have done flowering. Shift all such as require
it, putting them into larger or smaller pots according
to their state, and your object.
Bark, or moist stove. (2643.) Give abundance of
heat, air, ami water, if you wish the plants to grow
and fiower vigorously.
8, Pleasure-ground and slirubbery.
Plant deciduous trees and shrubs, but only to fill
up a vacancy, or to cause a check for the purpose of
late flowering. Immediately after performing the
operation, mulch, shade, and water. (2892.) I2ver-
greens, especially th e m ore tender sorts, but finish
by th e middle of the month. (6146.)
Prune (2564.) evergreens, finishing by the middle
of th e month.
Routine culture. Hoe, rake, weed, water, stake,
shade, shelter, &c., as circumstances require. Roll
and mow once a week, if showers are frequent, but
once a fortnight will do in dry weather.
Bay down tu rf, if not completed b efo re; water
well, and roll immediately afterwards. (5026.)
Gravel-walks may still be formed and repaired,
but th e work should have been completed last
month. Roll well with a heavy roller.
9, Trees. — Nursery department.
Fruit-trees. (5961.) Look over grafted trees.
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Sow the seeds of
evergreens and American sorts, in the first and
second weeks of the m onth. Lay and graft the tenderer
sorts of evergreens and Americans. Plant out
tender evergreens and Americans in nursery rows,
or in pots for more convenient removal.
Forest trees. Finish planting out evergreens,
seedlings, and nurslings as early as possible. Sow
poplar and willow seeds as soon as gathered. These
seeds will not come up if kept a very few days out
of th e ground. (6166.)
Protect from all sorts o f garden enemies, and attend
to order and neatness. (2640. and 2731.)
10. Trees. — Permanent plantations and
park scenery.
Planting evergreens may still go on, if th e weath
e r is dull and m o ist; but the sooner it is finished,
the better. (6021.)
Pruning. Sang recommends this as a good season
for pruning old oaks, because the wound he^ais
quicker while th e sap is flowing.
Fell oak woods and coppices, and other barking
tre e s ; but complete th e operation about th e middle
o fth e month, or before. 05929.)
Rouiine cuUure. Attend to planted ground un der,
or to be put under light culinary crops. (.5956.)
Prepare ground for autumnal plantingor forming
of plantations by sowing, as the tree-seeds ripen.
(5955.)
Operate on ground for water, or other territorial
improvements. Continuetobuild and execute plans
determined on a t an earlier season.
JUNE.
■Weather
at
Average of
the Ther.
mometer.
Greatest
Variation
from the
Average
ofthe
Barometer.
Quantity
of Rain.
REMARKS.
The weather is sometimes cold at the b a n n in g , but is « -
ncrally agreeable and steady towards the middle of the
month. By observing the column indicating the greatest
variation of the thermometer in each month, it «-ill be
seen that it varies, in London, only two degrees in June,
which is less tlian in any c f Die preceding months. In
July and August, the variation is the same; but in
Marcli and October, it is twice as much.
London -
Edinburgh
Dublin -
63 22
57 2
58 76
2 29 93
29 666
50 06
0-332 inch.
1-955
0-860
A i