il to
Fm rih week : various plants, especially annuals,
continue in flower ; leaves of marsh-elder (Sam-
búcus L 'bulus), of a fine pink ; of stag’s-horn
sumach, of a purplish red ; of the American oaks, of
fine shades of yellow, orange, red, and purple.
3. ICitclicn-garden. — Culiuaiy vegetabais.
Sow (3992.) small salads, lettuces, and radishes
in the first week. If mild weather continues,
they will come in about Christmas. Mazagan
beans, and hotspur or frame-peas (3553.), in the
third or last week, to see if they will stand the
winter.
To save seed. Transplant cabbage, savoy, beet,
parsnep, carrot, turnip, bulbing and Welch onion.
Mark what is said (3451. and 3544.) as to the danger
of bastardy among the crucifera: family.
Protect all newly risen annuals, and newly deposited
seeds, as also parsley, on the approach of
frost.
Propagate (4078.) the alliaceous tribe and culinary
perennials.
Transplant (3996.) endive and lettuce on warm
borders, and cabbages in close rows or in beds, to
remain in that state till wanted as plants in spring.
Cauliflowers in the last week, to receive th e protection
of frames.
Routine cuUure. E arth up and stir the surface
only iu fine dry weather. Hoe, rake, thin, weed,
and dress off all beds of winter crops. Protect cauliflowers
from heavy rains, by breaking a large leaf
and folding it over the flower. As crops are cleared,
dig and trench the vacant ground.
T akeup {3G2\.) potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes,
beet, parnep, salsify, scorzonera, skirret, tap-rooted
iarsley and horseradish of two summers’ growth,
'reserve them in dry sand.
Destroy insects. (2660.)
Root cellar. See th a t this is perfectly dry, and
th at abundance of sand is laid over th e roots.
Store-room. Finish cleaning and putting up seeds,
and see that all you have are in a good state, and
not attacked by vermin.
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant (4632.) all sorts of hardy fruit-trees as soon
as the leaves have dropped off, but not before, as
some practise ; for in this state neither thcir shoots
nor roots are ripe. Give ample waterings after
planting. , . ,
Protect (2644.) fig trees as soon as their leaves
have fallen. Shield late grapcs from frost by matting.
Immerse pots containing plants intended to
be forced, into dry old tan or ashes to save their
roots from frost.
P rune (2564.) all sorts of fruit trees except the
raspberry, elder, and fig, which, being trees of much
pith, or medulla, are ap t to die back from the point
o f section-cut place, when pruned a t this season,
and are therefore better left till spring.
Routine cuUure. P repare ground for new plan tations.
Dig and ridge up where the trees are
already pruned.Winter.
and repair the houses and flues, mend brokeo
glass, and paint the whole when necessary.
6. Flower-garden. — Open-ground department.
Sow (5485.) annuals in pots, for prolongation, in
cold frames and pits, and some of the hardier sorts
in warm borders, to come in early n ex t spring, if
the winter should prove m ild. The sorts fit for this
are larkspur, adonis, belvidere, pansy, perslcaria,
annual stock, and strawberry blite.
Propagate (2417.), but chiefly a t this season by
dividing the root, as of daisies and of other edging
plants, irises, &c.
Plant m ost of the border-bulbs about' th e end of
this m o n th ; and vou ,may even plant florists’
anemones in properly prepared beds.
Transplant (5491.) biennials and perennials, m
the flower-nursery, to stand till the spring. Strong
plants may be moved where they are finally to remain.
Protect (5469.) auriculas, carnations, and other
florists’ fiowers from heavy rains by mats and
hoops, or glass frames. Begin a t the end of the
month to remove georgina roots to be dried in an
open shed, and then carried to the store-room.
Routine culture as in last month. Prepare composts.
Stir th e ground only in dry weather. If th e
season has been very dry, flower-borders may be
dug over about th e end of the month. Attend,
above all things, to neatness. Do not tru s t to
any kalendar for directions in this, or any p o in t;
but endeavour to bring your own brain into work,
and try to look a t your works with the eye of a
critic and a stranger, or even of an enemy.
7. Flower-garden. — Hothouse department.
Glass case without artificial heat. (5118.) Bogin
about the middle of th e month to fill frames and
flits with pots of mignonette, stocks, &c. for pro-
ongation through the winter.
Hotbeds and pits. (5131.) Roses which have been
some time in a state of hybernation, and in the
shade, may now be put in bottom heat, as may
hyacinths and some other bulbs. Water-glasses
may now be brought into use. Observe, in the first
place, to plant the bulbs in earth for a week or fortnight,
which will make them strike roots more
freely, and then take them up and put them in the
water-glasses. Force them forward a week or two
3 up
.OT frames, before you remove them to the drawingroom.
Continue to plant some every fortnight for
succession.
Greenhouse. (5119.) Replace all your plants, if
jOU have not already done so. All your winter’s
credit depends on the manner in which you do th is :
...OT..OTJ r — 3r-dress strawberry-beds.
Take (4421.) grapes, apples, pears, and other
Fruit-room. (2192.) Lay all fruits first here till
thoroughly dried, and then barrel up the longest
keepers, and remove them to th e fruit cellar.
5. Culinary hotliouse department.
Glass case without artificial heat. (1989.) Plant
lettuces and cauliflowers under frames, to stand the
winter. Sow small salads in the second week, and
last fortnight under frames or hand-glasses.
Hotbeds and pits. (4703.) Keep up th e declining
heat of such beds as have not yet ripened off their
crops. Dress those which have done bearing, and
prick in lettuce or cauliflower plants. Prepare
ro„ J ro.lrorort I.rtrtlroc fcv fr.r/'Itii? HiT nnftirig them
mint and other herbs for forcing, by putting
in pots or boxes. Get up mushroom-beds if not
done in September. Plant pirn
. te-suckers in the oi
nights.
bed or pit, as they are taken
off. Cover well at
Pinery. This is a general time for shifting and
renewing the bark-bed. D o n o t put th ep lan ts into
very large pots, as they will not grow m uch in win-
te r. TiU the last week of the month your plants
will grow rapidly. (3043.)
Forcing-houccs. P ru n e and in general cleanse
give air night and day, unless the thermometer drop
to 35°. Water sparingly.
D iy stove. (5125.) Apply fires towards the end
of the night, so as to keep a medium temperature
with fire-heat of 46° or 48°. Arrange th e plants for
th e winter. P o t and set in bulbs of m ost sorts.
B a rk or moist stove. Lessen your temperature
bv degrees ; and also your air and water. A good
medium heat for this month will be 70°, which will
require fire-heat, even if the bark-bed is in full
force. (5126.)
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant (2510.) all th e hardier trees and shrubs
where th e ground is not apt to be rendered very
ery
wet during winter: very delicate sorts leave
till
spring. This is th e best season for planting.
Pi-une (2561.) evergreens ; b u t finish, if possible,
in the beginning of the month. Deciduous sorts as
soon as the leaves fall-
Routine cuUure. Clear away all refuse, weeds,
and decayed twigs. Roll, mow, sweep, hoe, weed,
and remove moss and worm-casts.
Form and repair lawns as hqfore. (5048.)
9. Trees. — Nurseiy department.
Fruit trees. Sow for stocks as directed for last
month. T h e plum, cherry, almond, medlar, apple,
pear, quince, berberry, service tree, walnut, filbert,
and common hazel-nut, may now be sown to greater
advantage than in spring, provided you can keep
the vermin from them during winter. Lay the
mulberry, or any other sort generally propagated in
th a t way. Plant cuttings of elder ; but it is rather
too late for the ribes tribe. Remove raspberry
suckers. Remove fruit trees to their final situations,
as soon as they have lost their leaves. This month,
in all dry situations, is the best month in the year
for transplanting fruit trees.
Ornamental trees and shrubs. Sow the seeds of
deciduous sorts. Lay deciduous sorts as their wood
ripens. P la n t out iu nursery rows; shelter where
requisite.
Forest trees. Sow most sorts, as directed for last
mon th ; hut take care to guard against vermin.
Gather haws, slow and holly berries, hips, &c. and
take them to the rot-heap. Lay and propagate by
cuttings some of the timber-growing willows and
poplars. Plant and prune in th e nursery lines as
•required.
10. Trees. —Permanent plantations and
park scenery.
Plant (5811.) generally as long as the weather is
m ild ; but prefer th e spring for very wet, late, bleak
situations.
Thin, prune, and JeU generally; but d o n o t fell
barking-trees, or remove thinnings of theoak, larch,
&c. so large as to be worth b a rk in g ; because, unless
th e sap is in full motion, the bark will not strip off.
Prepare for planting, a.s directed for last month.
This is avery fit season for draining, which may be
continued in all weathers, when men can work out
of doors, till the planting season returns. In this
way the men may be kept on without loss either to
themselves or you.
Operations on ground should now be carried on
vigorously; and buildmgs should be completed, if
possible, by th e middle of the month.
NOVEIMBER.
Wcatlicr Average of
tliG Thermometer.
Greatest
Variation
from the
Average.
Average
of tho
Barometer.
Quantity
of Ilain.
REMARKS.
This is the winiy month of the Saxons; it is generaUy
also cold and moist, and one of tho most disagreeable
for the labouring gardener, but he may console himself
vrith the shortness of the day, and hail the approach of
evening, when he may lay aside his wet dress and fortify
his mind by converse w-ith books. Roots, fniits, seeds,
dried herbs, and insects require looking over and protecting
from damps.
I.ondon -
Edinburgh
Dublin .
44 44
41 1
43
4 29 68
29 658
29 74
2-527 inch.
4-514
0-304
1. Kalendar of animated nature round
London.
I n the fir s t week: the buck (Cérvus Caprèolus)
grunts.
Second week: the golden plover (Charàdrius
pluviàlis) appears.
T h irdw e e k : snails (Ilè lix ) and slugs ( ilm a x )
bury themselves.
Fourth week: greenfinches (JFVingilla Chlôris)
flock; thewinter moth (Geómetrab rum à riañotjí.)
and the common flat-body moth ( Geómetra applàna
Sam.) appear in gardens about th e end of the
month.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round
London.
I n the fir s t week : a few plants in flower, by accident,
chiefly annuals, according to the season.
Secondweek : the fungus Helvélla mitra appears ;
laurustinus in flower.
Third week : Chimonánthus fràgrans in flower.
Fourth week : some primroses show flowers at
this season ; and some plants, unnaturally in flower,
still continue if the weather is temperate.
3. Kitchen-gai'den. — Culinaiy vegetables.
Sow (3553.) short-topped radishes on a warm
border, for the chance of obtaining an early spring
crop. (3992.) Peas and beans, as directed for last
month.
Protect (2644.) celery, endive, artichoke, sea kale,
potatoes left in the ground to betaken up as wanted,
and any other outstanding edible roots, by litte r or
leaves. Radishes and parsley, with fronds of fern.
Cauliflowers, by hoops and mats.
Propagate (4078.) perennial herbs, if not done
last month.
Transplant (3906.) any thing you have omitted in
October.
Routine culture. All operations on th e earth,
except digging and trenching, must be performed
only in fine dry weather. Dress artichoke and
asparagus beds. Take up endive, broccoli, and
cauliflower, and lay them fiat in dry ground, or in
some of the ways described. (3917., &c.) Guard
against the damping off of cauliflower plants, and
weed all seedling crops. Dig, trench, and manure.
Take up all edible roots which you intend to preserve,
and remove them to th e root-cellar.
Destroy (2460.) insects, and particularly snails, at
this season.
RooUccllar. (2194.) Keep out the frost, if it sets
in severe; and equally so water, from above or
below.
Store or seed-room. (2195.) Tu rn o v e r edibleroots
kept in the dry, as the alliaceous tribe, and pick out
decaying bulbs. See to your seeds.
Icc house. (2 2 \\.) Fill
the ice house if tho frost
is sufficiently strong.
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant (2512.) all sorts of fruit-trees, as directed
for last month. Choose dry weather. Water to
settle the earth. Stake where required, and mulch
(2531.) both root and stem, whereyou wish the trees
to do well. Mulching the stem is particularly use-
ful for very tall standards, and especially for the
pithy-wooded sorts.
Prune (2.543.) th e vine, and other very hardy
fruit-trees; th e apricot, peach, and nectarine had
better be deferred till spring.
Routine culture. Dig and dress wherever pruning
adm its; or where you have not been able to
overtake th e work last m onth.
Take (2999.) such apples and pears as still remain
on the trees during th e first week; dry them well
in the fruit-room, and then barrel or ja r up the
long-keeping sorts for the cellar.
Fruit.room. (2193.) Examine such bunches of
grapes, and branches of plums and currants, as j-ou
have hung up to preserve the fru it; and pick off all
decaying berries. Look over all the other fruits,
and attend to medlars, quinces, and services.
5. Culinary liothouse department.
Glass case withoui artificial heat. (1989.) Sow
small salads and peas and beans, either to transplant
or to remain after removing the frames. Transplant
lettuces and cauliflowers from frames to be covered
with hand-glasses. Attend to air and removing
decayed leaves.
Hotbeds and pits. (3035.) Sow small salads, force
mint and other herbs. T ry sowing of radishes on
a moderate hotbed. Transplant lettuces from the
cold-frames to force them forward. Begin to force
asparagus six weeks before the expected demand.
Build mushroom-beds; if under cover, it will be
better.
Pinery. (3047.) Moderate every stimulus to vegetation
; because, for th e proper well-being of
plants, it is requisite they should all go on in h armony.
Heat, air, and water, a rt can supply; but
light, in any thing like adequate quantities for vegetation,
is beyond th e power of man: therefore
let your heat, air, and water, be in a proportion to
your light.
Forcing-houses. Some begin this mon th ; if so,
begin the usual course. Dig and dress the b orde rs;
prune, train, paint, and cleanse the honse, &c. if
not done last month, which is much the best time.
Set in strawberries. (3163.)
6- Flower-garden. — Open-ground department.
p la n t (5480.) dried roots of border-flowers.
Transplant (5469.) biennials a t the beginning of
the month, if the weather is very fine; but this
work is better deferred till spring.
Protect (2645.) tender roots by litte r, leaves, tan,
ashes, or landing-up; trees by mats, or straw eo-
, vered with mats or nets. Take care of seedlings.