t o f e i
. ■ ,f ' Í i i
l i
t to
t» durluff Winter; and in two years are again transplanted
D a similar soil and situation, and at distances cortcspond-
ing « thTsize of the leaves, or liabits of the plants: here fficy
remain till they flower, or till wanted to be removed to their
flnal destination. They commonly flnal destination, flower from tiie fourtii
to tlic seventli year.
5526. By —layrte-r s-. 'rtio young shoots only are used for ¿ i s
Durnose, either laid down in June and Jnly.„ when
g• ro. wth.'or !i_n .tVh,o» rftorolll1orowrori.!n„lg autumn: bythe former plan a
vear is gained, as the shoots will be rooted, and may be removed
by tho succeeding winter or spring. Some sorts of
MagnOlio, Phododéndron, &c., require two years to form a
sufficient number of roots. The plants, when removed, may
be planted in nursery lines, in proper soil, and kept wWi
wateretl during summer, and protected the flrst wunter by
r a tsT o r they may be planted in pots, and receive, during
winter, the protection of a frame. „ .v a
5527. Bi/ suckei-s, and hy dividing at the root. Both these
modes may be occasionally, though but rarely, resorted to.
Some species of Azàlea and AndrSmcda throw up numerous
suckers, and the heaths may often be increased by dividing at
*^6528^ Bv miU..-in"„g.ir. o!S ome-r ot f.V t»h e azalease,h QheQafat hs«," h&pcn. , imn aya bc^mVltipllorby cuttin^V'of the young ffioqts, «'tyn
crowing state, taken off wliere the wood is beginning to npcn,
and planted in sand and peat, and covered wdth a haud-glap.
If this operation Is performed in the end of June, tlioy will be
ready to remove into prepared beds, or to plant in small pots
by tho middle of September. .
5529, B y grafUng, budding, or inarching. T hisisprac^ed
with some sorU of Magnòlia, A ’rbutus, Dàpliuc, &c., wluch
- - placed on stocks ofhardier species of the same genus, a«
.ùrèa, A. l/'iiedo, D. Laurèola. &e. The stocks
[. nurpdn
planted in pots a ff year L in g placed in any position ..,-before 1 wanted,with respe^-»roro— wmcn which A admits aomiis .of oi tueir
their to .the Vio rtKrorort shoot ♦to /, Kro
be
inarclicd. The daplities and A'rbutus Andrachne are general5l5y3
g0r.a fted with detached scions. . Culture. The culture requisite for American plants
esliire.
1 planting them in sites wliich t ......... .
mod.e ra,t el•y' .s .l.i ad ed aud damp, in providing t ^ m with that 1_ »ailed peat, in winch ericas only
„OT„,.o,., „..V. ................... has suggested, in the Gard. Mag.,
vol. viii. p. 286., should, therefore, rather be denominated
heath-mould: his remarks are: — “ In writings and conversations
ns on gardening, I have li^ e usually found tile tbe synonymous
syn^ymous
s peat, peat-earth, ancl bog-earth, employed to designate
terms ' ' ' ’
tbat
u.aro particular kind of soil in which the British species of
hoatli, the Cape heaths, and the North American plants, thrive
BO perfectlv. That tliis kind of soil, which, till taught better
by some correspondent, I shall call heath-mould, is distinct
igh from peat, thefoUowingehtiractcrs of each will evinp.e.
Heat);h-mould is the soil. w.h..OicTh.i occurs on heaths; sites not
¿xtremoiy wet and low, as bogs are, but usually elev^ed, and,
in conseq-u..e..n..c..e. .o...f. ..t.h..e...i.r. eelleevvaattioionn, ,w ell d..r..a..i.n..e.d, and exposed
to tlie scorching suns of summer and the withering blasts of
winter. The stratum or layer of soil is usually less than 12 m.
in thickness, lying on a stony subsoil, and both the soil and
subsoil of so sterile a quality as to forbid tillage; yielding
usually a tough thickly woven turf, and licatii, or iing, and
furze In abundance, with occasional brambles, and low
stunted specimens of other species of shrubs or wees. Tins
statum, taken off so as to leave the stones bare, Iorms, when
partially decomposed and comminuted, the invaluable and
indispcnsablo soil for lunumerable plants of the garden; and
is composed of the decaying turf, with its spongy interwoven
roots, ft Highly friable blacS soil, and a plentiful admixture of
small-grained white sand. The blackness of the soil is,
tloubtllss, partly owing to the perpetually progressive rMtmg
of tlie qxuviffi continually supplied by the growing turf, and
wliich decaying exuvite, besides the blackness, give to tlie soil
also, in no small degree, tiio properties of leaf or vegetable
mould. From, then, the spongy masses of vegetable fibres,
tlie friable nature of the soil in itself, tiie decomposed vegetable
matter and the large proportion of white sand which heath-
mould contains, arises its peculiar eligibility for all plants
witli delicate hair-like roots, and consequently for the Dricete
v^Tffi, the Drices flhodoriccai. &C., whose roots have, more
•y than elegantly, been compared to shag tobacco. Peat-
r bog-earth, on the contrary, is
the soil yielded by
entire soil of tlic fens of Lincolusliirc and Cambridg
and is, in fact, the soil forming the turf, of winch s<5
millions are annually dug, sold, and burnt, as an article ot
domestic fuel, in thoso colinties. Peat, instead ot ¿m g in a
thin stratum, forms a stratum always of eonsidwahlc, soroe-
timeaof great depth ; instead of occupying high Bites, occupies
the lowest ; instead of being well drained, is u s^ lly saturated
with water to the very roots of the herbage it bears ; instead
of a draining stony subsoil, stones are almost totally absent
from it, and the suksoil is a water-bolding clay. Although,
like heath-mould, the surface soil exhibits spongy m^ses ol
fibres, it lacks the sand wliich prevails in heatlin.iould; and,
when wet. is not friable, but oozy and soapy. nea,th-mould,
by means of its dry nature, its vegetable fibre, and its sand, is
disposed to continue Hglit, open, and porous ; pea^ from its
muddy adhesive nature, the great rapidity with which vegetable
fibre decays in It, its lack of sand, or from otlier causes,
specdUy subsides into a dense, inert, coagulate mass. )V hile
heath-mould is most important to the gardener, p ^ t is not
only totally unlit for, but even inimical to, most of the purposes
of floriculture ; although, as nothing in nature is lett
unused, it is the very soii in which willows, many grasses, the
rushes, the sedges, and similar families, thrive and luxuriate.
Mr. Gow has given, in tlie Gard. Mag., vol. x. p. 33—55., the
dctaUs of certain experiments which have led him to conclude,
and apparently with reason, “ that in all sheltered situations,
where a moderate degree of shade is afforded and where the
soil is of a light sandy nature, tho iihododéndron will grow,
and flower well, without any peat earth (heath-mould) whatever,
provided the ground has boon properiy prepared by
trenching and breaking of tho surface, so that all the grass
and vegetable matter be properly mixed. I deiirocate, says
he, “ the too general practice of pitting and planting without
the ground being previously well trcnclicd.
6531. /1'Jioi situation. American and peat-earth shrubs,
requiring large masses of their peculiar soil, and frequent
artificial waterings, cannot conveniently be introduced m
mingled borders or shrubberies. They are, therefore, generally
planted by themselves in beds or compartments of peat-
earth ; or entire gardens or shrubberies are devoted exclusively
to them. This last mode appears decidedly the best, as the
general habits and appearance of American peat-eartli plants,
independently of their culture, do not harmonise remarkably
weU with European species, An Amenean garden may have
a northern or eastern exposure ; and, if it slopes considerably,
will bo still less affected by the warm dry weather of summer.
It may be laid out in any of the different sorts of flower-
garden (Jigs. 852. to 875.), herbaceous plants introduced as
well as shrubs, and the whole surrounded by a sloping phalanx
of American trees. The plants may either be arranged in the
mingled manner (s. 5055.), or grouped or classed according
to some system (s. 5079, 5080.). Many and indeed most
ofthe American shrubs tlirive under tiie partial shade of lofty
deciduous trees, and tlie leaves which fall from these protect
their roots both from the frosts of winter and the drought of
summer, wliilc tliey constantly decay into voeetablo mould,
and thus at the same time afford a supply of nourishment.
Hence, in some cases, the hardier sorts of Lhododèndron,
Azàlea, Andróinedn, &c.,-may be introduced as undcGp-owtlis
in the margins of thin woods, placing under each plant a
cubic yard or more of its proper soil. This mode of planting,
it would appear (Mason on Design, art. Piii), was flrst adopted
by tlie great Earl of Chatham ; but it has been earned to the
greatest extent, not only with American plants, but with roses
and other tender shrubs, in the extensive woods of Fonthill,
Ilighclere, Bagsliot Park, Dropmore, &c., at which places, and
also at King’s Weston near Bristol, Kenwood at Hampstead,
&c., many of theplants shed their seeds, and youngrliododc«-
drons and! azaleas spring up in abundance. In the nurseries
it is a general practice to keep American and other peat-earth
plants in pots, and to protect 'iicm during winter in frames
and pitsforconveniencyofdeportation. TlioMagnòltagrandu
flòra in most parts of England is planted against a wall, and the
finest trees in England so treated are at White Knights, near
Reading. All the American and peat-earth shrubs may lie
selected from the first three tables in the next section, by observing^
the indicI.a .t.iIo_n_ _o_f _p_e_a_t-_s_oi»l -1(»l-e*t»t.e1 r rtp..»)r o; , a*n1,d.. *th-1e.1 »h-e rro-rt
aptly tl
eartii, or eartn,lUC fens, turbaries, bogs, and morasses. It c<
S e c t . II. General Catalogue o f Shrubs.
5.532. Tn our general catalogue of shrubs we have included several species, which, from their growing
with single naked stems, and forming a spreading head at some height from the ground, are correctly
denominated low trees. Amygdalus commùnis, and various species of Cratæ'gus L ., Armeniaca, Pyrus,
and Sambùcus, may be referred to as examples. As our object is to form such arrangements as will
afford most facility to the gardener in adjusting his plants, as to height, colour of th e flower, and time
of flowering, we have included all woody plants which do not exceed 20 ft. in height under shrubs ; and
all those th a t exceed th at height (except the climbers and twiners) we have allowed to retain their
places in the tables of trees. Here, as before, the most ornamental species and those which continue
longest in bloom are distinguished by appropriate marks (s and 3).
S u b s e c t . 1 . Deciduous Shrubs, arranged as to their Time o f Flowering, Height, and
Colour o f the Flower.
5533. DEC ID U O U S SHRUBS. —MARCH.
Height from 0 lo 2 ft. From 2 ft. to 3 ft. j From 3 ft. to 4\ft. From 4 i / í . to 6J /f . From 0^ futo 10 ft.
RED. PvED.
Amÿgdalus incàna,
náiia, and varieties
phododéndron daùrt-
cum, b. altàicum
Cérasus j apónlca, 5. múl-
Cyd^nia japónica
Dàpline Mezéreum
RED.
Armeniaca brigantiaca
RED.
Amÿgdalus orientàlis
Cydònia sinénsis
B oo k IV. GENERAL CATALOGUE OF SHRUBS.
DECID UOUS SHRUBS MARCH_a)»im!<e.i.
Height from 0 to 2 ft. From 2 ft. to 3 ft. From 3 ft. to 4\ft. From 4 J /Í. to Oí ft.
WHITE.
YELLOW.
GREEN.
WHITE.
YELLOW.
Lonicera nigra
Pasmlnum nudiflòrum
GREEN.
Comptònia aspleniifòlia
Ribes flóriilum
WHITE.
Cydònia japónica flòre
álbo
D ¿ h n e Mezh-eum
flòre àlbo
YELLOW.
Córylus hùmilis, ó. roí-
tràta i
GREEN.
Ribes Grossulària, U'va-
1 crispa
WHITE.
YELLOW.
Chimonánthus fràgrans,
ò. graudillòrus, c. flàvus
GREEN.
Dápline Laurèola
Height from 0 to 2 /t.
REn.
Faccinium uliginòsum
Dbodòra canadénsis
WHITE.
Cérasus pùmila
Dáphne altàica
Spiræ'a crenàta, alpin;
YELLOW.
A d ^ c á rp u s frankeniÿ-
Caragàna móllis,
pygmæ'a
OREEN.
R\bes alpinum var.
púmilum, decúmbens
VARIEGATED.
Fæônta Moútan coróUà
'ariegàtà
Ribes speciòsum, sanguineum
Foeônta Moútan Bánks.
làta
Lonicera ciliàta, 6. àlba
ípirse'a acutifòlia,
crenàta, uraiénsis
Mahònta rèpens, and
others
Coronilla E'merns
GREEN.
Dàphne póntica
”' ’■■1, many species
VARIEGATED.
Azàlea póntica var.
versicolor, and ocher
RED.
Cotoneáster acuminàta,
tomentósa
Lonicera ciliàta
WHITE.
Asíminn grandiflòra
Cérasus ohicasa
Pæônt'a Maúlan papav.
Ribes viscosis. nigrum
' blccà flàvldà, niveum
¿jiroe'a lævigàta, !
YELLOW.
^ìna spinósa
Lonicera ciErùlea,vilIÒ8a
Forsÿthto viridísslma
winrE.
Amelánckier ovàlis,
vulgàris
Cydòntftjapónicafl. àlbo
’ ■' pinnàta
fl. piò:
Oxycóccus erytlirocàr-
pus
Faccinium angustifò-
lium, glàbnim, figùs
trinum, tenéllum,
venùstum, virgàtum
Weigèla ròsea
gàtum, fuscàtum,
galèzans, grandiflùr.,
glàbrum, latifòlium,
mariànum, pàllidum,
stamineum
Cérasus japónica flòre
pi.
YELLOW.
Calóphaca wolgáríca
Caragôna jubàta, fèrox
Genista àn|lica, decùml’URPLE,
Pétula pùmila
Cytisus purpùreus
GREEN.
Phàmnus alpinus,
pùmilus
(les carpàticuni, and
others
Xmvgdalus nàna, pù-
m'ila pièna
Cÿtisus álbus b. incar-
nàtus
Poeo'nia Afoiítan Bánk-
8i(c, c. rósea
Pàvia hùmilis
Ribes lacustre
Syrínga pérsica b inclss
Faccinium parviflòruni,
resin òsum
WHITE.
Cérasus pygmoe'a
Córnus ffónda
Fotliergilla alnifólia,
màjor, Gardèni
Lonicera oblongifòlla
Prùnus maritima
Pyrus arbutifòlia, intermèdia,
deprèssa,
grandifòlia, pùticiis
piræ'a oblongifòlia,
obovàta, tbalictriiides,
trilobàta, ariæfôlia
Syrínga pérsica b. álba
Faccinium amoe'num,
dumósum, mucronà-
tum
Pæônta Moútan globósa
Spiræ'a prunifùba flòre
pièno
YELLOW.
Bérberis sibirica
Caragàna Chamlàgu,
macracàntlia, traga-
canthoidrs
Cytisus multiflòrus,
Icucànthus
Genista angulàta
Jfyrica cerifera, b. lati-
fóUa
-MAY .-
lapliylèapii
riinus spini
YELLOW.
Kérria japónica fl. pi.
Ribes aurcum, flàvum,
tonuiflórum
Ì'àlix nigricans mas,
violàcea mas
VARIEGATED.
Magnòlia obovàta 6.
discolor, SouJangeàna
WHITE.
Magnòlta conspicua
Prunus spinósa, insitltia
and varieties
YELLOW.
Córylus Avellàna, var
Colùrna, tubulòsa
i/atnamèlis virginica
GREEN,
[anthóxylum/raxi-
neum, tricàrpura
FromSft. to IO ft.
Cérasus pubescens
Cotoneáster Nummulàr.
Cratæ'gus Oxyacántlia
var. proe'cox
Magnòlia conspicua
YELLOW.
Chimonánthus fràgrans,
and varieties
Córnus máscula
Shephérdta canadénsis
GREEN.
Pbàmnus Fràngula
ó’àllx annulàris, and the
female sox of many
species of Sàlix
PURPLE.
Magnòlia obovàta
Lewisit
Pyrus americàna, arbu
tifòlia, melanocárpa,
nivàlis
Spiræ'a /ijqiericifólia
Faccinium corymbôsum
Flb ûrn um pyrifôlium,
dilatàtum, macrocê-
phaluni, plicàtum
GREEN,
A 'cer créticum
Aristotèlia Mâcqui, ft
variegàtis
//ippopline sibirica
Quércus prmOidcs
BROWN.
Faccinium parviOòrum,
tenéilum
X an thorhiza apiifòlia
BROWN.
Calycánthus tevigàtus
jffyrica Gàie
Colùtea lialéppica,
cruènta
Cotoneáster affinis,
vulgàris
Lonicera alpígena
Pàvia rùbra, b. argùta
P)ó«s potr«'um, saugui-
neum, speciòsum
5pirts'a bèlla
Faccinium arbòroum
Amelánckier vulgàris,
sanguinea, flòrida
Azàlea póntica b. albi-
flòra, and otliers
Cérasus chioasa, péndula,
Pseudocérasus
Cotoneáster microphylla
T ro„i»..ra pyrenàica
YELLOW.
Azàlea póntica, b. pàllida,
c. pièna
Bérberis asiàtica, crética,
!ietoropli<-lla,
Wailichtàna
Coliitoa haléppicft
Cytisus sessilifòlius
Genista Scórpius
Lonicera involueràta
PURPLE.
Syringa pèrsica, &. laciniàta
Céltis pùmila
IJquldàmbar irabérbfs
ühámnus rupèstris.
tinctòrius, valentìnus
/iliùs aromàtica, sua-
vèolcna
BROWN.
Calycánthus fértllis, ob-
longifòlius, pennsyl-
vànicus
RED.
Imygdalus commùnis
flore pièno, orientàUa
sibirica
Crdònia sinénsis
Pàvia bÿbrida
Pèrsica vulgàris, flòre
■yi us angustifòlia
Robinia liispida, b. ròsea
?’àmarix gàllica
WHITE.
Cérasus Chamæeérasus,
nigra, persicoefôUa
Cÿtlsus àlbus
Halèsia parviflòra
Pliiladélplius coronàrius
b. flòre pièno, c. fòl.
variegàtis, floribùnd-,
grandiflòrus, liirsùtus,
inodòrus, nepalénsis,
RED.
Amÿgdalus commùnis,
ò. amàra
Cércis canadénsis
Pàvio càrnea, rubra
Pèrsica loe'vis, vulgàris
flòre pièno
Pyrus spectábiiis
Faccinium dift'ùaum
WHITE.
Armeniaca vulgà’
Cotoneáster frigi
ò.fò . aùreis, c. leuco-
H ¿ llL “ díptera, tetrápt
Pérsica vulgàris fl. álbc
Philadclphus coronàr.,
latifòllus, Zeÿlieri
Prùnus spinósa, insititia
Pyrus baccàta, PoUvè-
¡ ria, pùbens, sorbifòlia
iambùcusnigra, b. fòlii>
' aùreis
Fibùnium cotiiiifòliiim
YELLOW.
Bérberis americàna,
cliinénsis, vulgàris
Biiddleo globósa
Caragàna arboréscens
• americàna
^ PURPLE.
Syrínga vulgàris, 6.
coerùlea, c. rotliomag.
Prunus càndlcana
Pyrus angustifòlia,
Cliamffimésptius,
grandifòlia
Sambùcus nigra 6. laciniàta
Syrínga vulgàris, 6.
monstròsa
T'ibùrnum ¿irunifòlìuin
YELLOW.
Adenocàrpus foliòsus
Phàmnus alnifòlius,
hybridus
Pliùs aromàtica, sua-
vèolens
lephérdic. .
argèntea
Xanthóxylum/raxi-
ueuni
PURPLE.
Cagnòltn purpùrea t.
yringa cbiiiéiisìs, Josi-
OREEN, I GREEN.
A'cer obtusàtum A'cer opulìfòlium
Broussoiiètia papyrifera CàrpinusPètulus incìsa,
Céltis Tourncfórt/i , orientàlis
Puónymus verrucòsus Pàgus sylvàtica incìsa
Quercus Baiiisten «ippóphae rhamnoides
Ribes petra: um Phimnus cathàrticus,
f- ■
t
toil -