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? 0T uses, fr fr p . «
4 7 I .) a r e gcnqrally fomed of
copper, and some (fig. 471.) have zigzag spouts, to break the force of the wator when
Dourino: it on plants without the use of the rose. •, *x i trr tof^
184ft The Italian watering-pot is formed of earthenware, and its shape similai to tlic
M M . X f e y s p u f e i irrigam is a watering-pot of very peculiar
liorizontal cylinder with a hole at one end to adimt the water, and a fixed rose at the
M ' s « The waterinq-tube (fiq . 472.) is a tin tube with a funnel joined to it at right
angles at one end, and with or without a rose joined to it in ™ "Ppo®™ ? ?
other. I t is used for watering pines, and other potted plants m pits oi beds, not eas y
reached, and where fr is desirable not to moisten the leaves. ^ <-;„ried iron
1849. Garden-syringes are of different kin d s; the common is
copper, or brass ; and fr generally about two feet in length, and t™ nichra
Eeadls .syringe (fig. 473.) is by fiir the best implement of the kind. By means
of a hall valve (ti), which can never go out
of repair, the wator is drawn in tlu-ough a 474
large opening, and forced out cither through g
a fine rose (e), a larger rose (6), or in one «
spout (a), each forming a separate cap,
Avhich screws off and on. In common .
svringcs the air above the piston proves
an obstacle to the operation of the syi-inge,
and greatly increases the labour of the
operator; but in Head’s syringe there is a
tube ( / ) by which this air escapes in the
operation of drawing in water, and the
space is as readily replaced Avith air through
the same apeiturc in pressing the water
out again. I t is astonishing how much
this lessens the poAver requisite either to
fill the syiinge or empty it. A child may
do, with Read’s engine, Avhat reqiiires a
man Avith the common kind. This instrament
may be considered as superseding
not only the common hand-syringes, but
baiTOAv-engine, and other ma-
I ff / Ws i l l provements are not applied.
1851. MacdougaVs inverted garden syringe
(fig. 474.) is a very useful instrament
for Avashing the under sides of the
leaves of plants and shrabs, and especially
those of trees trained against trellises in hothouses. The
different parts of this instrument, in addition to the cylindei oi
common syringe tube ( / ) , are, a bent tube (a), which screws
into the extremity of the straight tu b e ; a
spreading the water (e), which screws on either to the hent tube
or the straight tu b e ; straight roses drilled with
small holes (d d )-, & flap valve (c), which may be made eithei
of leather or of metal, and beneath which there is a wil-c grating
to exclude impurities, when the water is drawn in by the
large opening in the centre of each kind of rose (/>),— this is a subsequent improvement
by Mr. Macdougal; a holloAV screw for keeping in the valve and netting (g), and
a punch Qi), Avhich are sent along with the syringe to enable eveiy gardener to punch
out liis OAVii leather valves (t). I t will be obvious from the above, that this instrument
may be either used as an inverted syi'inge, or be cliangcd into a common or straight
syringe at pleasure. (Gard. Mag. vol. vi. p. 305.)
1852. Warner’s syringe is an imperfect substitute for Read’s
and Macdougal’s ; but it has the advantage of being sold at
little more than half their price. I t is figured and described
in Gard. Mag., vol. Ao ii. p. 353.
1853. Johnston’s piortable garden engine (fig. 475.) is a A'ery
useful instrament. On raising the handle a, the water passes
up the lower tube, opening the valve b, and filling the tube c.
Depressing the handle closes the valve b, and opens the valve
d ; the water passing up the tubes e and f , and compressing
the air in the outer tube f , when it continues up the tube e
to the joint g, through which it passes out at the jet, with or
Avithout the rose h ; the joint being movable up or doAvn.
On the handle being raised again, the valve d closes, and the
valve b opens for the Avater to fiU the tube c. A t the same
time that the tube c is filling, the air compressed in the tu b e /
is expanding, and forcing the remaining water iu the tubes e
and / to fiow out of the jet. This process being repeated at
each stroke of the pump, causes a perpetual stream, which
may be thi'own out sixty feet. Tlie conducting tube k scrcAvs
off at i, rendering the instrument extremely portable.
1854. Siebe’s universal garden syringe (fig. 476.) has only
one apparatus, but it can instantly, by tm-ning a pin, be applied
so as to serve the purpose of four different caps, or heads.
Macdougal’s inverted syi-inge is imitated by an universal joint
(a), which enables the operator to turn the head in any direction,
and to any angle, as at c. The pin by which these alterations
are effected works in a gi-oovc (d ), in the face of the
rose ; and by it a very fine shower, a coarse shoAvcr, or a single
je t from one opening (e), may be sent forth at pleasure. The
valve by wluch the water is admitted to the syringe is in tlie
side of the rose ( / ) . This is an elegant and useful instrament,
more particulai-ly for amateur gai-dencrs, whether male or
female.
StmsECT. 3. Utensils o f Protection.
1855. Utensils o f shade, shelter, und e.xclusion, are the cover, shade, blancher, handglass,
and beU-glass.
1856. Plant-covers ai-e of different species.
1857. The portable cloth-cover or shelter is of different species : it consists of a frame
of wickerwork, of any size, from that of a hand-glass, to six or eight feet high, covered
Avith gauze, oiled canvass, matting, and sometimes entirely with wickerwork. I t is used
for protecting half-hardy slirubs and plants in the winter season, and Avhen recently
transplanted.
1858. The portable paper cover or shelter is a small fi-ame, like the skeleton of a
hand-glass, covered Avith oil-paper, and is used for protecting cauliflower plants, striking
cuttings, &c.
1859. Shades are o f three species. The plant-umbrella resembles the domestic
instrament of that name ; but, instead of the ordinary handle, has a pointed rod,
shod with iron, for insertion in the ground. I t is used for shading tender plants from
the sun, or sheltering them from the rain. Por both pui-poses it is convenient to havo
a joint in tho stem, so as to incline the cover according to the situation of the sun and
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