ll i:
. ré'r é :
: M
■ t i '- r é
■ !: iferé,
, ijúrél'
, i i l
n f iijtrsiing Blioiild
. ............. ............... „ . .—„V. for carnotions u n der
sim ila r circumstances. Sucli sorts o f pinks as arc most in-
ciincd to b u rst th e ir buds, oftentimes produce la rg e r nnd finer
llowers th a n others which have smallor b u d s ; because the
la t
lirable to h a . ........
s h a n ily possible
A. - - e b y the b e aiitifu lc_________
ougiit to JIOS9CS8 IS lost. IVhcii th e calyx is
tlio la tte r from
c ircu la rfo rm which tiie flower
....................... ........ the calyx is so extremely sliort
th a t It mu st inevitably burst, i t is hotter to assist n a tu re by
wh at is called le ttin g down the h ud, th a t is, witli a penknife
to nick it down a t tho bottom of each of its indeiituros, as low
as may be deemed necessary, in order to le t o u t petals regula
rly on every side, an d preserve th e circu la r form o f tho
blossoms; for If i t is loft to na tu re , th e ealyx will h u rs t only
on one side, and its petals will consequently force th c ir way
tlirougii th a t aperture, an d produce a loose deformed flower ;
some kinds aro possessed of such weak an d short hiuls, th a t
tlie calyx (fig. 004. ci) will entirely b u rst from top to bottom
on one side, an d open so very wide as to suffer almost all tho
netals to fall o u t an d h an g down ivhen thoy liavo hcon in bloom
b u t n short tim o ; such indeed h a rd ly deserve to he classed
amongst the host sorts, le t th e ir properties, in otlicr resjiects,
be ever so dosimbio. When tlic flower-stems are grown sufli-
od with small sticks or
may d irec t; b u t these
...................n e r as to allow the blos-
.0 expand an d tilow perfectly distinct from each other,
tlint the whole may have an easy graceful appearance. Those
who can bestow suflicient timo an d a ttention to th o ir bloom of
Iiiiiks, may contribute greatly to the effect, by placing upon
tlio calyx th e tliiu pieces of card, or stiff paper, c u t circular
( f'H-9Q5. g), already mentioned (5552.): these are to be
placed close un d e rn e ath th e guard-lcavos, so as to support
th em iiorizontally, and will, wlicn th ey ex ten d ju s t as far as
th e extreme points of the petals,OT.l____ OT______ g1i.v.Veot . t1h. e blossom
. . . to support tlieiiisclvcs in a liorizontal position,
a rc considerably improved by tliis little contrivance, which,
jierhaps, by tlio foregoing description, will not be difficult to
comprehend.
b Z n .A l th e
i t is proper to c ............________.. ________ „ „
wh at sim ila r to th a t used for tlie bloom of tu lip s an d ’carna-
tio n s ; th ey should, in lik e m anner,er, enjoy th tjie e advr advantage oi
"
lig h t an d air, and the soli sliould be kept reg r u ' la rly '
moist l)y
soft water, adminstercd between tlie e plants, <carefully
avoiding
to wet tlie blossom. (Florisl's Direct,■ect. p. 220.)
22C
53-18. Hogg observes, tlia t “ pinks moved an d transplanted
in th e spring never do well, n o r show lia lf th e beauty whieli
those do th a t wore p lan ted in September; the laced pinks In
pa rticu la r appear almost p lain, and w ithout th c ir d istinguishing
e h arac ter: th ey should likewiso never be suffered to r e -
main longer th a n two years with o u t c ith er change o f soil or
situation.
5349. Enemies o f p in k s . Hares and rabbits e at th e foliage
in tlie winter season, b u t may be d eterred by surro u n d in g tho
beds With a fence consisting of a couple of lines o f packthread,
painted with ta r, or any o th e r glutinous oftonsive-smclling
m a tte r. Laying soot a t the roots, u n d e r ground, wil! prevent
o f the wireworm. I n spring, pinks n -..................
:s, M'hich
tlio a ttack , , .
eaten or damaged by snails
h y watering in th e evening wi
of Ndetua varidbilis, of N. ga;
■ como out fr<
asily destroyed
_e water. The caterpillars
, an d o f other moths, ’
leaves. These la st m ay also he destroyed by lime w a t« , j
tcntion being had to use it a t n ig h t in tlie d a rk , an d wlieii t
weather is mild.
c u ttings of herbaceous plants, or tender shoots of any k in d , it
lias heen s ii^ e s tc d , m ay be packed iu charcoal powder.
S u b s e c t . 10. Chrysanthemum. — Chrysânthem um indicum L., C. sinénse Sab., A 'n them is
ariewiîÀ-iæfôlia W . ; Syng. Polyg. Supér. L. and Corymbiferoe J. Chrysantème, Fr, ;
Goldhlume, Ger. ; and C risantero, Ital.
•5351. The Ckme.se chry sa n th em um was introduced in 1764. A sketch of its history has been given by
Rudge in the Gardene r's M a sa x in e , vol. viii. p. 691. It contributes greatly to the beauty of the flower-
garden in a fine autumn, and to that of our conservatories in November and December, when scarcely
any other plants are in flower.
5552. Varieties. Th e Chinese arc supposed from good au- I v o l.v . p. 322., and these, with ad ditional varieties, i
fhority to havo fifty varieties or upwards: th e re are forty-eight ranged hy Mr. Ilaw o n li in ih e Gardener's Magazine,
sorts deessccrriibbee'*d by SSratIb.liAnen , iIna .tIli.ae HJ.lor.r—iicullurcd aT'AraAnAs—a.c-VtiVoanas., I\ tfQollll.oAwviiAngr. /dIiiv..ii-s:iAoAns-.: —
1. lianuncuhis-floivered: th irte en v arieties
; yellow, ivhite, browu, blush, huff,
p in k , and lig h t purple.
2. In curving ranwnculus-fioicered: six
v a rie tie s; lilac, blu sh , p in k - orange,
red, an d wliite.
tlio
yellow, red, crimson, p in k , blu sh , and
white. (S e c t, injifi-. 906.)
:. Marigold-flowered: seven varieties;
golden yellow, with a bronzed back,
yellow, lotus-flowered, pale buff, and
purple.
5. China-aster-flowered: ; varieties;
5353. Propagation an d cuUure. No p la n t is more easily
p ropagated an d cultivated th a n th e ch rysanthemum. The
root may be divided, suckers may ho talccii off, or cuttings
tak en a t an y season of th e year, an d a t an y period of tlie
p lan t’s growtii. Tlie following ia the practice in tho gardens
o f th e Horticu ltu ra l Society, as given b y Mr. M u n ro : — “ In
th e beginning of April, cuttings are tak en from tlie top slioots
o f last y e ar’s p la n ts ; th ey a re p lan ted in th e pots called small
sixties, in mould made up, o n e h a lf of equal portions of loam,
sand, an d bog m ould (for wliicli leaf mould or any lig h t vegetab
le soil may be substituted), an d one lia lf sand. Tho cu ttin
g s are tak en off about Sin . long, an d smoothly c u t across
a t a jo in t ; one is i>ut in eacli pot, an d tho pots arc set in a
frame on a gentle bottom heat. I n tiirco weeks or a montli
tliey are well rooted, an d th en hardened in a coltl frame till
th e beginniug of Ju n c , when tliey are siiifted into 48-sized
pots, an d placed in an open a iry situation. Here they are
watered with liq u id m anure, in which soap suds have been
mixed. About tliis time tlie tops of th e plants are nipjicd oil'
to make them bushy, b u t no more side shoots are allowed to
remain for flowering than tho plants aro like ly to be able to
sujiport. In August, shift Into 52-sized pots, using strong
loam, with about one th ird of ro tten dung, an d tic tlic plants
to sticks. The pots aro never plunged, b u t frequently moved
to prevent th e roots growing th rougli th e ir bottoms. The old
plants, from wliich tlie cuttings a rc taken, if sliaken o u t of the
old mould, freed from tlioir suckers an d repotted in 48-sized
pots, afterwards in*chirty-twos, an d in August in sixteens, will
form large showy plants.”
5354. Lambie selects in tiie month of May as m any suckers
as a re wanted for the followingyear, from iilaiits which have
flowered th e preceding year. He plants them th en in a pot
4 in. wide, an d places them on tho n o rth side of a wall, or in
an y open sliady situation. When thoy begin to grow, ho removes
them to where they are fu lly cxjiosed to tho sun and
free a ir. Wlien tlic pots are nearly fu ll of roots, lie shifts
tlicru in to others, 6 in. deep, in wliicti tliey are to remain and
flower. Wlien th e re is an y appearance of frost, he removes'
th em to th e greenhouse, or to a cold frame, p u ttin g a few pots
in to ilic p in e ry every week for a succession of flowers. T h e '
flowers being expanded, tiiey are th en removed to tho conservatory
or tlic drawing-room, an d a display o f flowers is tlius
k ep t up from tlie b eginning o f October to the middle ol
J a n u a ry .
5555. Mitchinsoris mode of trea tin g tlie chrysanthemum
h a s for its object th e a ttainm en t of p lants of different sizes.
T o p rocure th e highest p lants, h e takes tho largest suckers
from the old p lan ts about tlie 1st o f Marcli, pots them singly,
a n d shifts th ree times in th e course of th e summer. Hi«
second-sized plants arc Ihom cuttings, struck about th e middle
o f May, an d trea ted in a similar manner. Ilia th ird o r lowest
r an k which form b ushy plants, from 8 in. to 18 in. h ig h , are
5. Tassel-flowered: eleven v arieties; yollow,
salmon-coloured, lilac, jmrplo,
an d white.
6. Half-double tasseUfiowered: flve varieties
; white, pink, buff, an d orange.
a , in to)
c h a in e d hy laying th e points o f th e shoots ah o u t tho middle
o f A ugust. Tliese th ree different sizes are arran g ed on stages
to as to show every flower to th e spectator. (Gard. Mag.,
vol. ly, p. 97.) Cuttings tak en off after tho flower buds have
tormed may be stru ck in heat, and will make very dwarf
ith very g re a t success. (See th e detail*
ann.„di lloavrrgoo» nfl o”w ’« s,' VI place my old p laTnot so obnta ain n ao rrtehg ubloarrd beru,s ihn,
th e month of Ju ly , a t good distances from each o tlie r; ro u n d
these I set 48-9lzcd pots, filled with proper compost: I thon
lay tho points of tlic shoots one in a pot, giving oacli slioot a
gentle twist, an d fixing it down firmly with a hook. In a
m o n th tiie layers will be sufficiently rooted, when th e ym a y
be taken off, and shifted into larger-sized pots, there to rem
ain to flower. Tlie young plants, after being siiifted, mu st
be set in a shady situation, an d well suppliml with water ”
(Sparrow, in Gard. Mag., vol. iv, p. y9.)
5356. The soil used generally to r tlie ch rysanthemum, is
two th ird s of tu rfy o r virgin loara, an d one th ir d o f le af mould
o r decayed dung.
5357. CuUure in the 02>cn border. Many o f th e sorts may
he planted out in warm borders, or eomiiartments, or against
walls, an d will flower well in fine a u tum n s ; b u t tb e ir roots
req u ire protection tlirougli tho winter, an d th ey should be
renewed about every two y e a rs ; for as tliey Increase m u ch in
size hy suckers from th e roots, th e plants, if loft for a longer
jieriod, become iinsiglitly, an d produce small an d imporfoct
llowers. T h e early-flowering varieties, as th e purple, changeable
white, rose, an d bufi; seem tlie haVdicst and ¿ o s t siiitabio
for borders. (Gninnc, in Nort. Trous., vol. iv. n. 523 1 Tho
plants, to look well iu th e border, sliould be large, an d with
many s tem s; th e ir flowers aro consequently more numerous
an d produce a g reater effect a t a distance. The appearanc¿
o f th e flowers on man y of the kinds is very iliffercnt when
blossoming in tlie liordcrs from those which expand u nder
glass, so much so, th a t th ey mig h t bo easily mistaken by an
m ^ p e n e iic e d observer for different varieties, ( f/o r l 2'rans
S u b s e c t . 11. Pose. — L. ; Icos. P olyg . L. and Rosàcea J . R o sie r, Fr •
Rosenstock, Gcr. ; Roozeboom, Dutch ; R osajo , Ital. ; R osa i, Span. ; and R o se ira , Port!
5358. The rose is known by everybody at first sight, and has been a favourite flower from time imrae
morial among the civilised nations of Europe and Asia. The .shrub varies in size in different species from
1 ft. to 6 ft. or 8 ft., and in the climbing species to 20 ft. or 30 ft, Theco lo u rsare red, white yellow pur
pie, dark, striped ; simple, or in almost numberless shades and mixtures ; the flowers single semidouble
and double. It is cultivated in every garden, from th a t of th e most humble cottager upwards : some
species, as R . centifòlia, damascèna, &c., arc also cuitivatcd by. commercial gardeners on a large scale
for distilling ro s^w a ter, and for making a tta r , or essential oil of roses. Six pounds of rose-leaves will
impregnate by distillation a gallon o fw ater strongly with their odour; but a hundred pounds afford
scarcely balf an ounce of a tta r . The rose is also used in medicine. Botanists are not agreed as to the
number of original species of this genus: some regard all the European species as originated from one
source; others, and especially the moderns, divide them into species, subspecies, and varieties The
most scienUfic work which has appeared on th e roses in England, is the R o s a r um M o nographia of Dr
Uindiey, 1819, m which above a hundred species or subspecies are described, and some o f them figured •
but Miss Lawrence published ninety plates of A Collection o f R o se s f r o m N a tu r e , in 1810- and in P au l’s
R o s e Garden, 1848, there are fifteen exquisitely coloured plates of new varieties. In France Guillemeau
has pubhshed Histoire N a iu r e lle de la R ose, 1800 ; and Redouté and Thory are the authors of a splendid
worrkk,, iinn ffoohhoo,, eennttiittlleedd LL ee ss RRoosseess,, ccoonnttaaiinniinngg ppllaatteess ooff aallll tthhee kknnoowwnn ssppeecciieess aanndd vvaarriieettiieess ooff tthhiiss' fflloowweerr
1 hory has pu^bhshcd a ¿ p a ra te trac t on their culture, entitled P ro d rom e de la Monographic d u Genre
R o s ie r , &c., 1820 ; 1 ronville, a N om en c la tu re R a iso n n é e , in 1818; and Vibert, Observations &c in 1820
A copious and intelligent account of the Scotch roses has been given by Sabine {H o r t. T r a n s ’ vol iv’
p. 231.), and some hundreds of new varieties have flowered from seedling plants, iu different’ British
nurseries, more especially in those of Perth, Glasgow, and Hammersmith.
5359. Species fuid varieties. Those aro very ouinorous,
some o f tho lists of tho Englisli an d French nurserymen con-
21 of which a re summ er roses, while th e re s t flower in au tumn.
faiiiin|t more tlian 2000 names. Tlierc arc, however, less tlian
5360. The follounng list o f species o f th e genus Jidsa is abridged
150 distinct species; an d ail th e mimerous varieties whicli
from Pau l’s Hose Garden, o u r Encyc. o f Trees and
a re gi'own as florists’ flowers, may be classed in 38 groups.
Shrubs, and oilier w o rk s: —•
Sect. I. Feròces.
1- H. fèro x iuowr.
2. Ii. k amtschdtica Vent.
S e c t I I . Eracleàloi.
3. Ii. involucrdta lioxb.
i . H. bractodta ir««<ii.
Lord Macartney’s rose.
6. li. clinopliylla Thory.
6. ]{. micropliylla/eoxò.
7.
Scet. I II . Cinnavdnnece.
n . n itid a Willd.
i. li. /¿dpa Uose.
1. li. lù c id a Ehr.
1 R. Lindlòyt Spreng.
[. R . kosingiùita Boss.
2. R. fru tetò ru ra Hess.
>. R . parviflòra Ehr.
1. R , Woódsii Lindi.
). R. c arolina Linn.
>. R . flóridaDoicn.
l. R . b ià n d a A it.
1. R . g emél'a Witid.
). Ji. Lyòiiii Piirsb.
). R. /r a x in ifò l ia lìiirk.
l. U. d n n am òm ra Resi,
i K. m a jàlis Relz.
). R. Dicksoniflnn I.indl.
I. li. ta iiric a Bieb.
3. II. da lu irica Pali.
!. ii. niacropbyUa Lftirfi.
Scct. IV. PimpinelUfòlio!.
R. a lp in a lAnn.
!. li. p y renàica GoMíin.
I. R. poiululìna Ait.
I. li. glaiidulòsa Bell.
. Ji. in é rn iis Delann.
!. R. stricta MuM.
;. R. siiàvis Willd.
. R . su lp h ù rc a A it.
Yellow rose.
R. sanguisorbifòlia Don.
Buriiet-lcavcd rose.
. R. g randiflòra Lindi.
. R . aciculàris Lin d i.
. R. oxyacdutha Bieb.
'. R . viminea Lindi.
I. R . lutésccns Pursh.
American yellow rose.
. R. m y riacdntlia 7Jcc.
. H. iiivolùta 5’nijfA.
■, R . rovèrsa IKaidst.
. R. m a rg in à ta Wnllr.
: li. spinosissima-Lùiii.
Scotoli rose.
;. R . ru b élla Smith.
. R . liibérnica Sviilk.
48. R . livéscons Bess.
49. li. Wilsont Borr.
50. R. gorinkénsis Fisch.
51. R. corùscaiis Waitz.
52. R. Sab in i Woods.
53. R . Dom'àna Woods.
Sect. \ . CenUfìlice.
54. R. damascèna Mill.
Damask rose.
55. R. centifòlia Lin n .
Provence or Cabbage rose
56. R . g à llica Linn.
Frencli rose.
57. R . rèpons Mceneh.
68. R . arvìna Krok.
59. R . b u rgundiac a Fers.
Pompoiie roso.
60. R. parvifùlia E hr.
B urgundy rose.
61. R. imlcliólla Wilid.
62. l i. pygnifo'a Bieb.
63. li. adenophyUa Willd.
Sect. VI. VUlhso’.
64. R . tu rb in à ta Red. et Thor.
F ran kfo rt rose.
65. R. orbessànoa Red. el Thor.
66. li. villósa Linn.
67. R . hispida Poir.
68. R. g ràc ilis Woods.
69. R . Boreykióuo Boss.
70. R . tomentósa Smith.
71. R . to 'tid a Aaftirrf.
72. R . mòllis Led.
73. R . icrebinihdcpa Boss.
74. R . Sh o rdrdi Davies.
75. R . sylvéstris Lin d l.
76. Ji. d lb a Lin n .
Wliite rose.
Sect. VII. Rubiginòsee.
lù te a Dodon.
Yellow eglantine,
p u nicea Alili.
Austrian b riar,
ru b iginòsa Linn.
Swcct bvìar or eglantine,
suavèolons Pursh.
American sweet b riar,
m ic rd u tlia Smith.
ièpium Thuil.
77. R.
78.
79. R .
). II.
85, R.
84. K.
85. 11.
86. n.
87. R.
Hed g.............. .................
ibèrica 5iev.
glutinósa
K lù k ü Bess,
b alsàinca Bess.
Moiicfzùmce Ilumb.
88. R . m o n tàn a Vili.
89. R . pulvcruléiita Bieb.
90. R . unc in élla Bess.
91. R . caryophyllàcea Bess.
92. R. cuspidata Dic6.
93. R. dimóriilia Bess.
94. R. Willdeuòvii Spreng.
95. Ä. flo ribunda Assi.
96. R. inodóra Hoi-t.
Sect. V i l i. Cani««.
R. can in a Lin n .
Dog rose.
R . a cip liy lla Rau.
li. nitens Desv.
li. obtusifòlia Desv.
li. glau ca Schoit.
li. glaucósccns Desv.
li. collina Jacg.
R. fastigiàta Ansi.
R. audegavénsis Bast.
R. b ise rrà ta Mer.
R. malmundiarènsis Le/eune.
R. caucásica Pali.
R. Fórstcri Smith.
R. dumetòrum Thuil.
R. bractèsccns II oorfs.
R. sarmentàcea Sioartz.
R. CK'sia Smith.
R. B ó rreri Woods.
li. b à ltic a AoiA.
R. saxdtilis Stev.
R. rub rifò lia l ’iA.
R. indica Lin n .
China rose.
R . Noisettiàna Ai£>ì.
Noisette rose.
R. odoratissima Sud.
Tea-scentcd rose.
R. loiigifòlia Willd.
R . llù g a Lin dL
R. scmperflòrcns Ctfri.
Monthly rose.
R. Lawrenccàna Su t.
Fa iry rose.
R. sericea Lin d i,
li. micropliylia Aoxii.
Sect. IX . Systylce.
Rr>. syst.7y.lAa- :B- a1iJ...Z 128. li. arvensis Huds.
Field rose.
129. R. g e rm in àta Rau.
Doublc-hipped ro«c.
150. A. capreolàta aVcVì.
Ayrsliire rose.
131. R. sempervireiis Ltii».
Evergreen rose,
132. R. Russelltdna I.iiidl.
À i
' r é l
i ] "ré
.1
V
l i t
( r é