i t
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complete tree may be formed at once. Scallop-budding may be performed on trees of
considerable ago.
2485. Choice o f Imds. For gatliering tbe shoots contaimng the buds, a cloudy day oían
early or late hour is chosen, on this principle, that the loaves being at these periods in
aless active state of perspiration, suffer least from being separated from their parent plant.
Ihey ai-o preserved frcsli, and may bo sent a great distance by inserting their ends in
water or moist moss; though, in general, they should ho used as soon after gathering as
possible; indeed, as m grafting and inai-ching, tho whole operation ought to be pcr-
fonned with the greatest colcrity. v »
vn,Af-£ Brofessor Thouin enumerates twenty-three species and
g A c A f u ? to Britfii ™ describe only fom-, of which hut one variety is to
pei'foimed pait on the side of the stock, rather from than towai-ds tho sun, an:d-F ix on a smooth
ot a height depending, as fa grafting, ou whether dwarf, liaif or
whole standard-trces arc dcsfred ; then, with the budding-knife, make
a horizontal cut across the rind, quite tlirough to the firm wood • from
the middle of this transverse cut, make a slit downward, perpendicularly,
an inch or more long, going also quite through to the wood,
llus done, proceed with all expedition to take off a bud • holdinii the
cutting or scion in one hand, with the thickest end outward, and with
the knite in the other hand, enter it about half an inch or more below
a bud cutting nearly half way into the wood ofthe shoot, coutinuino-
It with one clean slanting cut, about half an inch or more above the
bud, so deep as to take off part of the wood along with it the
whole about in. long (fig . 718. a ); then directly with the thumb and
finger, or point of the knife, slip off the woody part remaining to the
bud : which done, observe whether the eye or gem of the bud remains
perfect; if not, and a httle hole appeal’s in that part, it is improper, or, as gardeners ex-
piessit, the bud has lost its root, and another must be prepared. This done niacin^- the
backpai-t of the bud or shield between yonr lips, expeditiously with h c ^ i S of hS
knife separate the bark ofthe stoek on each side ofthe pci-pcndiculurcurc“ to he
wood (c), for the admission of the bud, which dfrectly slip down, close between the wood
tthee sshhtioelldd f(Ai) even -wiAth ithf e A ho r?izo n(tJa-l f„l rTst«-®m a"®d®ef tc uopt,e irna toiornd eirs ttoo oluett oitf f ctohme ptolept eplya rtto tool
Its place, and to join exactly the upper edge of t e shield with tho tr.ansvorse cm, t e t the
descending sap may nmnediately enter tlie hai-k of the shield, and protrude gi’anulatcd
matter between it and the wood, so as to effect a living union. The parts are now to bo
immediately bound round with a ligament of fres» bait (e), preteusnoatofM^^^^^
to render it pliable and tough, begmning a little below the bottom of the perpciidicuhu-
slit proceeding upwards closely round every part, except just over the eye of the bud -
tahned wchonolteim cileo siet, aa nlidtt leex calbuodvee tthheo ahiro,r iszuonn,t aaln cdu wt, ent.o t too tight, but just rsuafmflooiieenntt ttoo kkeeeepn
t Z t l / Z A f B T / A ^ «“Wing, differs fr-om the former to having
of cA A il f 1 A 2 - ! — J perpendicular slit, instead of at its top, and
the Z Í I d m Its position. Tliis mode is rcpi-eseiitcd as preferable to
the other by such as contend that tho sap rises fa thebai-k equally with the -w^ood • but as
this opinion IS now generally considered as exploded, t e first, or T mode mav instlv be
considered as the most scientific mode of budding. Professor Thouin desertes shidd
¿aro, tthAat tiet siTs noo?t easily drowned w"fit She shanpe rowro ogguthm. ; aTnhde tahdev daisnatdavgaenstaAgetse, SthfaAt iht oíf?tmt
“ r AeAoi A ? " 1 ® occasionally to the L l g e A A s S
? ok ’ ?, ™“7.«® ®®®n ™ t e plants imported to this country.
sSiidaee otot 'tthtoe tsteoc?k , and inT tafk-in‘®g ™ a «s-irminilga r“ “seci“ti otnon gfiu’oem-s htahpee dsh soeoctt ioonf obfu bdasr ki nfr nopmit hthper
case removing the wood. The section or shield containing the bud is then laid on the
? r r i " e S L r ? / iÁ ? ■- rPP® a «tted, as L‘“ buddA¿^
¿AadLntte s A ? '* ’ "'Wp-g'-afting. After this, it is tied in the usiili
t e k dn Z S Z Z e f Í T arc, .that it can be performed when t e wood and
sseAassoo«n ootf tthoeé yéeraérf. TIt, s dri's a°di"v anLta®g es are®, tyheaity i st trifefq, uthfriocks ,l osunbgeerro stoim bea rtkos ;p aernfdo iamt atnhye
the transverse section through th e bark ; the other, which had no farther office than that of securing the
bud was applied below in the usual way. As soon as the buds had attached themselves, th e lower ligature’s
were taken off ; but the others were suffered to remain. “ T h e passage of th e sap upwards was in
consequence much obstructed, and the inserted buds began to vegetate strongly in July (being inserted
iu June) • when these had afforded shoots about 4 in. long, th e remaining ligatures were taken off,
to permit the excess of sap to pass on ; and the young shoots were nailed to th e wall. Being there pro-
nerlv exposed to light, their wood ripened well, and afforded blossoms m th e succeeding spring ; and
these would,” he adds, ” no doubt, have afforded fruit ; but th a t, leaving my residence, I removed my
trees,” &c.
2491. F u tu re treatment. In a fortnight at farthest after budding, such as have
adhered may be known by their fresh appearance at the eye ; in three weeks, all those
which have succeeded wiU be firmly united with the stock, and the parts being somewhat
swelled in most species, the bandage must be loosened, and a week or two afterwards
finally removed. The shield and bud now swell in common with the other parts of the
stock ; and nothing more requfres to be done till spring ; when, just before the rising of
the sap, the trees are to be headed down close to tlie bud, by an oblique cut, tci’ininating
about an eighth or a quarter of an inch above the shield. In some cases, however, as in
graftmg, a few inches of the stalk is left for the first season, and the young shoot is tied
to it for protection from the winds. _ -, i , -.i- i -f
2492. T h e instrum ents and m aterials for budding are merely the budding-kmie
(Jig. 363.) and bast ligatures.
S u b s e c t . 6. P rop ag ation hy C uttings.
2493. P ro p a g a tim i hy cuttings has been long known, and is abundantly simple when
applied to such free-growing liai’dy slmibs as the willow (/^r. 719. a) or the gooseben’y
(/*): but considered as the chief mode of propagating most of the ilricaceic,
iUyrtacciC, Proteacece, &c., it becomes one of the most delicate and difficult modes ol coii-
tiiiuiim the species, and fifty years ago was an operation known to very lew ot even tiic
iirst-rate gardeners. It may be considered, as to the choice of cuttings, their prepai’ation,
thcii’ insertion in the soil, and tlieir future management. , , , u- u
2494. I n respect to the choice o f cuttings, those branches of trees and shrubs which me
thrown out nearest the ground, and especially such as recline, or nearly so, on tlie
earth’s sm’face, have always the greatest tendency to produce roots. Even the brancJies
of resinous trees, which are extremely difficult to propagate by cuttings, when reclimiig
ou the around, if accidentally, or otherwise, covered with eaith m any part, wiU tlieie
often thi’ow out roots; and the extremity of the lateral shoot will assume the chmacter ot
a main stem, as may be sometimes seen in the larch, spmce, and silver iir. Cuttings,
then ai-e to be chosen from the side shoots of plants, rather than from their summits or
main stems: and the strength and health of side shoots being equal, those nearest the
around sliould be prefcn’ed. The proper time for taking cuttings from the mother
ffiant is when the sap is in full motion ; in order that, in returning by the bark it may
form a callus, or protmding ring of granular substance, between the bai’k and vood,
whence the roots proceed. As tliis callus, or ring of spongy matter, is generally best
formed in ripened wood, the cutting, when taken from the mother plant, should contain
a part of the foi’mer year; or in plants wliich grow twice a year, of the wood oi the
former growth; or in the case of plants which arc continually gi’owmg, as most eyer-
ereen exotics, such wood as has begun to ripen, or assume a brownish colour. Iliis is
the tme principle of the choice of cuttings as to time; but there ai’e many sorts of trees,
as willow, elder, &c., the cuttings of which will grow almost at any season ; and even
if removed from the mother plant in winter, when the sap is comparatively at rest, in
these and other trees, the principle of life seems so strong, and so universally dittused
over the whole vegetable, that vciy little care is requisite for their propagation. _ Cuttings
from herbaceous plants arc chiefly chosen from the low growths, which do not indicate a
tendency to blossom: but they will also succeed in many cases, when taken from the
fiower-stems ; and some rare sorts of florists’ and border flowers, as the dalilia, rocket,
cai-iliiial-flowci-, scaa-let lychnis, -ivallflowci-, &c., ai-e so propagated. _
2495. T h e p re p a ra tio n o f the cutting depends on, or is guided by, tins principle; that
the power of protruding buds or roots resides cliiefly, and to most cases entu-ely, at what
I l è i : '? "