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terms. The gi-cat tost of excellence here is never to grow at tho same time such sceds as
may hybridise the pi-ogcny by impregnation. _
6301. Seed-merchants, or seedsmen, deal in garden seeds, aud other garden productions ;
in general they combine tho business of nurserymen or florists, but sometimes coniine
themselves entirely to dealing in seeds wholesaJc, or to a sort of agency between the seed-
growers and the nursery-seodsmen. _ _ . , »
6302 Herb-gardeners grow herbs, cither the entire herb, as mmt, or particular parts,
as tho bulb of liliuiu aud the flower of the rose, for medical pm-poses or for distiUatioii
or perfumery. , , , , ^
6303. Physic-gardeners, herbalists, or simpltsts, not only grow herbs for the purposes
of medicine or iicrfumery, but collect wild plants for these ]mrposes. Formerly,
when it was the fashion among medical men to use indigenous plants as dnigs,
this was a more common and important branch of trade. They have commonly shops
appended to their gardens, or in towns, in which the herbs arc preserved, and sold m a
dried state. „ , . . , . ,
6304. Collectors for gardens. The first variety of this species are the gipsy-gardciicrs,
who collect haws, acorns, and other berries and nuts, and sellthein to the seedsmen ; the
next are those who collect pine and fir cones, alder catkins, and other tree sceds, whicli
require some time and a process to separate the seeds from their covers, and clean them,
before they can be sold ; and the highest variety are those gai-deners wlio establish themselves
ill foreign countries, and there collect sceds and roots, and prepare dned specimens
of rare plants for sale. ,
6305 Orchardists of the simplest kind arc such as occupy grass orchards, where the
produce is chiefly apples, pears, and plmns, for cider or kitchen use ; the next variety
occupy cultivated orchard grounds, whore fruit shrubs, as the gooseberry, currant, straw-
benw, &c., are grown between the fruit trees ; and the highest variety occupy orchards
with walls and hothouses, and produce the finer stove fi-uits and forced articles.
6306. Market-gardeners grow culinaiy vegetables and also fruits ; the simplest kind
are those who grow only the more common hardy articles for the kitchen, as cabbage,
peas, turnips, &c. ; a higher variety grow plants for propagation, as cauliflowers, celery,
and artichoke plants, and pot-herbs, as mint, thyme, &c. ; and the highest variety
possess hotbeds and hothouses, and produce mushrooms, melons, pines, and othcr
forccd articles and exotic fruits. They have often shops at their gardens, or in towns,
for the disposal of their produce ; and tliese, when fruit is chiefly dealt in, are called
fruit-shops, hut where culinary vegetables arc also sold, green-groceiy shops. Most commonly,
however, the culinary vegetables are carried to market, and are there disposed of
to sucli as retail them in siiops or on stalls. Occasionally they are deposited for sale in
the hands of agents or brokers, and sometimes shops are supplied regularly on certain
conditions. , , . „ . .
6307. Florists are divided into two kinds : the flrst is the nmrM-florist, who grows and
forces flowers for the market ; and of this subspecies there arc two varieties, those who grow
only hardy flowers to be cut as nosegays, and those who doid chiefly iu exotics or greenhouse
plants to be sold in pots. The othcv subspecies is the select florist, who confines
himself to the culture of bulbous-rooted and other select or florists’ flowors, who has
allunai flower-shows, and who disposes of the plants, bulbs, tubers, or seeds.
6308. Botanic gardeners aro such as devote themselves exclusively to the culture of au
c.xtensive coUection of species for sale ; these may be either limited to indigenous kinds,
as was the botanic garden of the late Don of Forfar (which embraced all hardy plants), or
extended to tender exotics. Botanic gardeners also collect and dry specimens of phmts,
and also of mosses, fungi, Al'lgte, &c., for sale ; to this they often join the collecting of
insects, birds, and other animals.
6309. Nurserij-gardeners, or nurserymen. This is the highest species of tradcsman-
gardencr. Thcir business is to originate from seed, or by other modes of propagation,
every species of vegetable, hardy or exotic, grown in gardens, to rciu- and train them
for sale, and to pack or encase them, so that they may bo scnt with safety to distant places.
The imrscryman is eonimonly, also, to a coitain extent, a seed-grower, and is generally a
seed-merchant, supplymg his customers annually with what seeds they rc<iuirc for cropping
thoir gardens, as well as with the trees they use in stocking them. The simplest
variety of nursery-gardeiicr is ho who confines himself to tho roaring of hedge plants and
forest trees ; the highest, he who, in addition to all tho hardy trcos and plants, maintaiiis
at tho same time a collection of tender exotics.
S e c t . III. Garden Counsellors, Artists, or Professors.
6310. The first species of this genus of gardeners is the garden surveyor or valuator.
1 lis business is to estimate tho value of garden labour and produce, and of garden stmc-
Uircs, edifices, and gardens themselves. When a proprietor lets his house and garden
to a tenant for a certain number of years, the stock of the garden is valued, and either
entirely paid for by the tenant, or it is again valued when the latter quits the premises,
and tho difference in value paid cither by the tenant to the landlord, or by the latter to
the foi-mor, as the oase may be. It is the business of the garden-surveyor to estimate
the value of tho stock, crop, and business of niirsorymon, and other tradesmen-gardeners
quitting or entering on premises, or purchasing or disposing of their establishments.
The g.arden-surveyor is sometimes also a garden auctioneer; but generally his business
is confined to valuing, and it is practised by nurserymen or other tradesmen-gardeners.
6311. The tree-surveyor, or timbcr-survcyor, limits his occupation to arboriculture ; he
measures and values standing timber or copsewood ; estimates the value of young plantations,
with the expense of forming them, and of managing them during a certain numher
of years ; of enclosing with live hedges of every kind, and thoir management till fence
high ; and not only determines what trees shall be felled, thinned, or pmned, but directs
the manner of performing these operations.
6312. The horticultural architect (planner, Scotch) gives designs for kitchen-gardens
and flower-gardens, with thoir structures and buildings ; he sometimes also lays out
shrubberies and pleasnre-grounds, when on a small scale. In this case he takes the title
of ornamental gardener (planner o f policies, Scotch), or ground-architect.
6313. The horticultural artist is employed in designing and painting fmits, flowers,
Jilants, implements, and horticultural strucnu-es and gardens ; but chiefly in drawing
fruits and flowers, the designs for the gardens and structures being more commonly
drawn by the horticultural-architeot, or laiKlscapc-gardoner.
6314. The landscape-gardener, or layer out o f grounds; artiste jardinier, ingénieur des
jardins pittoresques, or anglais, and jardinier paysagiste, Fr. ; garten hiinstler, Ger. ; and
artiste giardiniere, Ital. This species of counsellor gives designs for disposing of the
plantations, water, building.?, and other sceneiy in parks or landscape-gardens, and generally
for every thing relating to tho arrangement of a country-seat, except the architecture
of the mansion, offices, and other buUdings ; but in what rcspeets the site of these,
and the exposure of tho principal fronts and apartments of tho house, his counsel is
required jointly with that of the architect.
6315. The gardenmg author may 100 considered themost universal kind of gardcn-
counseUor, since liis province extends to every branch of the art. The simplest variety
of this species is tho author of remai-ks, or an essay, or treatise on one particular plant
or subject ; the most comprehensive, he who embraces the whole of the science and art
of gai'doning ; but the most valuable, he who communicates original information.
S e c t . IV. Patrons o f Gardening.
6316. Every man who does not limit the vegetable parts of his dinner to bread and
potatoes, is a patron of gardening, hy creating a demand for its productions. The more
valiiahle patrons aro those who regularly have a dessert on their tables after dinner, and
who maintain thi-oughout the year beautiful nosegays aud pots of flowers iu thcir lobbies
and drawingi-ooms.
6317. Amateurs (lovers of gai-dcniiig). These promote the art by the applause they
bestow oil its productions, of wliich, to a certain extent, they become purchasers.
6318. Cojinoisseurs (critical or skilful lovers of gardening). _ These promote the art
part, these patrons of gardening actjuirc their knowledge, they may be said to be eminent
cncouragers of counsellor-gardeners.
6319. Employers of gardeners, wliether of the serving, tradesman, or counsellor classes,
arc obvious and undoubted patrons of tlie ait.
6320. Occupiers o f gardens ncccssai-ily employ both serving and tradesmen gardeners ;
and, when they arc amatem-s or connoisseurs, ai'c often great encouragers of the ai-t.
6321. Proprietors o f gardens arc the most eminent of all patrons, promoting every
department of the art, and employing serving, tradesmen, and ai-tist gardeners. A man
whose garden is liis own for ever, or for a considcrabie length of time, whether that
garden bo surrounded by a fence of a few hundred feet, or a park-wall of ten or twelve
miles, will always bo clfccting some change in arrangement, or in culture, favourable to
trade and to ai-tists. “ I pity that man,” says Pope, “ who has completed every thing
in his gai-den.” “ Après mes enfans et deux ou trois femmes que j’aime, ou crois aimer
à la folie, mes jardins sont cc qui me fait le plus de plaisir au monde ; il y cn a ¡)ou
d’aussi beaux.” (Mémoires et Lettres du Prince dc Ligne, torn. i. p. 117.)