11*
" . . F 1
: - r i li feil
?: 'i
i : to.i
■i l
: f e
to’i?
l i
I r é , ,
Byh Í" ré Biza ^ Rose r B,b i
:|
Rose 1 Byb [ Biza il Rose
Biza Rose Byb 1 Biza 1 1
Byb Biza Rose 1 Bj't’ 1 1
E . . . Byb Biza 1 Rose
1 J
Biza Rose j Byb !i Biza
ll 1 n
Byh Biza
" il j
Roso jj Byb j
1
DRA-flDE THE FIRST.
1st Row.
1. Bybloemen, viz. Pa triot.
2. Bizarre - - • •
5. Rose
4. Bybloemen
- Holmes’s Wm. Pitt.
- Claudiann,
- Violet Alexander.
- Cbarbonnicr noir.
- Catalaiii.
- Gloria alborum.
1. Bizarre,
2. loso
^ J ^ ’bloemcn
2d Row.
- Vulcan.
- Camuzo de Craiz.
- Im p e ra trix florum.
- Catafalque.
- Bacchus.
- Grand m onarque.
- Emperor of Russia.
6. Bi, ö!
6. Rolot - ........... ,
7. Bybloemen 7. Bizarre -
And so on till th e bed is complete, b y wliicli means the g reatest
possible m ix tu re o f tiie th ree classes of colour« may he obtained.
The same, o r a similar case, will answer for named
ranunculuses an d an emones; h n t i f one is made on purpose
for tho la tte r two flowers, th e bottom of th e drawers sliould
be, of course, canvas strained tiglit, instead o f wood. {Gard.
Mag., vol. ii. p. 309.)
5205. Diseases. Th e tu lip is ha rd ie r, an d less liab le to
disease an d in ju ry from weatlier, th a n most so n s of flowers;
it is sometimes attacked by gru b s a n d by th e wireworm a t th e
Bizarre -
fose
5. By'lhloemon
6. Biz...
7. Rose
3(i Row.
- Corise blanche.
- Reiiio de Shcha.
- Polyphemus.
- Comte dcVergenne».
- Louis Seize.
- Em p e ro r o f Austria.
- Ju lia.
of th e soil, replacing th e form er from tlie
reserve or offset-buds. I n France, tu lip bulbs a re sometimes
attacked by a fungus, Scler6tium 7'ulipclrum Schedl, for wliich
tliere is no remed y b u t tran sp lan tin g Into fresh soil.
6204. Forcing Gie tulip in pots or water-glasses. Tlie early
dwarf sorts a re well adapted for this purpose, especially (he
Due Van Thol. T h ey may he treated as in forcing the hyac
in th ; an d the bulbs may ho afterwards recovered in th e same
manner.
SuBSECT. 3. R a n u n c u lu s .— R anunculus asiâticus L. ( M ill. Ic . 2. t. 216.); F ólyáná.
P d y g . L. and Ranunculàceæ J. Renoncule, Er. ; R a n u n ke l, Gcr. ; Hanevoet, Dutch ;
R anúnculo, Ital. ; and R an únculo, Span. ( fig . 897.).
.5205. T h e r a n u n c u lu s from a fasciculus of small tubers sends up .several bipartite leaves, and an erect
branched stem with a terminating flower variously coloured. It is a native of the Levant, and was cultivated
by Gerard in 1596. Though ra th e r a tender plant, innumerable and highly beautiful doubleflowered
varieties have been raised from seed, chiefly by the English florists, from the middle to the
la tte r end of th e last century.
eighteen sorts, a n d o f th e la tte r a liundred. W h at h e calls
th e T u rk ey ran u n cu lu s is only a v a riety o r sub-species with a
very d a rk flower, wliich Miller also considered as a species,
a n d named it R. sanguineus. Maddock, in 1792, liad upwards
of eig h t hu n d red sorts. •* Tliero are more varieties o f ran u n culuses,”
Maddock observes, “ th a n of a n y o th e r flower; ” b u t
ns th e ir names are a rb itra ry , it would he of little use to en u merate
them here- A variety will last from twenty to twenty-
five years. T h e best m odern catalogue is tlia t of Joseph Tyso
an d Son, o f Wallingford.
5207. Ckaracteristics o f a fin e double ranunculus {fig. 897.
x). “ The stem should be strong, straight, a n d from 8 in. to
12 in. high, su p porting a large weU-formed blossom, o r co-
rotia, a t le ast 2 in. in diameter, consisting of numerous petal«,
the largest a t the outside, a n d g rad u a lly d iminishing in size
as th ey approach th e centre o f the flower, which should bo
well llllcd up with them. The blossom should be of a hemispherical
fo rm ; its component petals should ho im bricated in
such a m an n er as n e ith er to be loo close an d compact, n o r too
widely separated ; b u t have ra th e r more o f a pciqieiidicular
tlian liorizontai direction, to display th e ir colours with better
effect. Tho petals should be broad, an d linve perfectly cnliro
well-rounded edges ; th e ir colours should he d a rk , clear, ricli,
or b rillian t, c ith er consisting of one colour th ro u g h o u t, o r he
otherwise variously diversified, on an ash, white, sulpliur, or
fire-coloured ground, or reg u la rly striped, spotted, or mottled
in an elegant m an n er.”
6208. Fropagatioiu By seed, for new varieties, an d by
offset-tubers, o r dividing th e tubers, for co n tin u in g approved
sorts.
nculus, Maddock ob-
. . OT flowers alike, or tlie
th e original. I t should be saved from such somi-
pass easily th ro u g h ; th is operation should he very carefully
poriormed, to prevent b reaking off th e fibres, or raising and
leaving an y of the p lauts out o f the earth, because one h o u r’s
sun upon such would inevitably destroy them. When the sun
¿ i iic s very hoh >t is necessary to adm it some fresli a ir u n der
th e gl.as^s .and shade tlie frame w ith m a ts ; b u t i t sh o u ld b e
a t n ir iit glasses when th e a ir is cold, an d always
^ S i i l 'A f t e r the p la n ts
leaves appear, more airmu^L
lattice-work substituted for th e glasse»; wi
reg u la rly continued, in th e m an n er before „voei.ueu, «.leu
tlie long continuance of d ry weather renders i t necessary: but
nn e warm showers o f ra in a rc always preferable, when they
ttlimn uiceHdY tuih'i thl“io® r‘'o“ofts are ma tu red , anmda nfiat gteom tacikue iusp t,o w hhoi ccho nis
S . T . o . f e ' f e , “ “ « ' ” ' “ “" ‘»6 to o™ , d r , , „ d
5215. The speediest a n d safest method o f taking u p these
small roots is to pare off th e earth, 5 in. deep, with a trmvel or
sno vel, having previously carefully picked off the d ried leave«
.¿Kl an y other extraneous m a tte r th a t m ay be found upon it.
The e arth a ^ tubers, thus collected, are to b e t h iw n i.u o a
nn e brass wire sieve, th a t will n o t p e rm it th e smallest tubers
to pass th ro u g h i t ; tho sieve is tiieu to be w orked in a largo
vessel or tu b , ¿ a r l y filled w itli w a te r; tile earth y p a rt will in
consequence, be dissolved and washed away, an d tho tubers
will rem a in in llie sieve, where, h y a little management, they
may easily s ^ a r a te d f rom the stones, &c., whieh aro mixed
¿ t h them, i lie u p per rim of the sieve must, a t a ll times, he
held above tlie surface of th e water, otherwise somo of tlie
smallest roots will be lost, as th ey arc frequently found floatin
g on tho surfaco, till tliey have imbibed a sufficient q u an tity
o fw a te r to make them sink. T h e tubers are to be dried and
prcterycd, an d are to bo planted a t tho la tte r en d o f October,
or beginmng of November: tlio g reater pa rt, or sucli as bave
rtvo OT mOTC c lp -s , will blow strong th e following summer.
?i Y f''' y - 'f eH iam s o n sows h a lf his seed in au tum n, an d
m c o tn e r h a lt in J a n u a ry , in th e open air. He prefers the
a u tum n al sowing, if the winter proves mild.
OT ^ y o ffs eU . Unlike the offsets of the h y a cin th and
tulip, those o f the ran u n cu lu s generally a ttain perfection in
th e » ¿ so n of th e ir formation on the jia reu t p lan t, a n d are
tliercfore to be planted as full-grown tubers th e same season
ill winch tlmy a re romoved. Smaller ones, which are u n fit to
blooin the following year, may he planted in a bed prep a red
J S i ? th e full-sized tubers. ^
5217. P y d tv id in g the tubers. “ In min u tely e x amining the
double flowers as have ta ll stro n g stems, a considerable n um b
e r of largo well-formed jietaU, a n d rich good colours, chiefly
preferrin g th e da rk e r, b u t n o t to th e exclusion of tho lig h ter
coloured, when t l ’--------------------------- ' ------- ’ - - ....................................
iff, an d spread abroad upon i „ot.....................................
0 the sun, th a t every degree of h um id ity m ay ho exhaled from
t ; in which state it should bo p u t in to a bag, an d preserved
n a w arm d ry place.” Most autliors recommend ranunculus
eed to be k ep t d r y ; b u t Mr. F. Sm ith keeps h is seed in a damp
>oni, from tlie tim e o f ga th erin g till tho time o f sowing, an d
nds it g e rminate in a mo n th after hcing committed to the
lil. Mr. Tyso impregnated double flowers with tbe fa rin a of
- - - ■ - y tL t - - - - -
...............n u n c u l................................... , OT .
because they contain no antliers, b u t merely th e stigma in tho
centre o f the ilowcr, which m u st be fecundated with the farina
from th e an th ers of such fiowers as produce them, which are
eith er single or semi-double. He is confident th a t if florists
fa rth e r th an Mr. Tyso recommends, b y fecundating w ith tho
anthers, which are sometimes found ou double flowers.
5210. Time o f sowing. According to Maddock, J a n u a ry ia
th e proper tim e to sow the seed ; an d in order to p rep a re it, it
m u st bo separated from th e s ta lk swithwh ich it is connected, in
th e foUowing m an n er, v iz .: in th e flrst place, it should be taken
1039
o u to f th c h ag , an d spread th in upon a sheet of paper or a toa-
tr.ay,&c., a n d placed before a moderate fire, till i t is iust w.arm
k y moans of
¿ " 1° *i7oid sc rap in g it
0« in Imnps, o r suffering an y pieces of the stalk, dried iiotnls
of the iiowOT, o r other extraneous ma tte r, to be mixed with it
which would create a m ouldiness when sown, o f very d estructive
consequence: wlien tho seed is scraped in a proper man-
" u l ‘“i''® "ta“ ®'* appearance of cle.an coarse bran
with a h ttle brown or purple speck in the centre o f each cuti
cle, which 18 tlie kernel. When th e seed is thus prepared it
should be sown in a shallow frame, provided with sashes • the
soil should havo been previously tak en out, 3 ft. deep, and
spread th in upon the ground, tir f it lias been perfectly frozen
tliroughout, m order to destroy an y vermin it may have con
tamed, more p a rticu la rly tho common earthworms. When
th e p it 18 fllled u p again witli the frozen lumps o f e arth it
should remain till the whole mass has thawed, an d subsided
to Its p ristin e hu lk , or ne arly s o ; its surface should tlien be
made perfectly smooth an d even, an d the seed sown upon it
with the utmost regularity, in such q u a n tity as nearly to cover
I t ; the glasses should be placed over i t immediately, an d the
frame kept closely covered witli them, for two or throe days
till the seed begins to swell an d soften; a little lig h t e arth
should then bo sifted upon it, th rough a fine sieve, b u t not
sufticient tn cover i t ; th is should ho repeated once or twice
a-week, fill tho grea ter p a rt of th e seed disappears. I t is prop
e r te ¿ m a r k in th is place, cliat such seeds as happen to be
covered deeper th an th e thickness of a half-crown piece will
never vegetate, an d must, of eourse, inevitably perish.
0-11. Tyso, one o f tho most successful cultivators ol the
ra iiu n ^ iu s , sows a t a ll seasons from the 1st of August to the
1 st ot March. He prefers th e m iddle of October, an d the la tte r
end ot ¿ im a r y {Gard. Mag., vol. ix . p. 07.). to other times,
xm sows III boxes 18 111. by 11 in. a n d 4 iu. deep, filling them full
o t loamy earth, an d pressing the surfaco level. He sows tho
seeds ab o u t an eighth of an in ch apart, covers tliom as thiiilv
¿ ¿ s s ib le , and ¿ I te r s with a fine ro se; th e boxes areaftcrto
« a ro s placeil u udcr glass without heat. T h e p lants usually
® ra!®.“ ' ai>pearanco in ah out a m o n th ; a ir is given day
'‘“.'L ®*®®P‘ t " severe frost, when th e y 'a re covered up
wim straw mats : witli such protection the young piants will
endure the severest seasons. ‘ Mr. Tyso cloafes tf eY u r fa c ro f
hY ra Feb ru ary , an d top dresses them;
sYeYeqmi’iaI week in M a'"^‘ ®a “n d'.® w^aPt®er"s gtih'oeumu dd a“iPly t ou nttliile tehdeg eg rtahsos
h c p n s to withor. rfie boxes aro th en suffered to hccomo ouite
d ry ; an d m the middle of Ju ly th e roots are
become quite
pWrlellsle trlviee dl- ninne vboalg s u n til TF_e bru- aoriS-,i w hen th ey•'
tak en u p and
--" ■ replanted
great profusion,
/ } } / U f i r s t o n , of Paisley, sows ab out th e b eginning or
midffic of Marcli, m boxes, whicli he puts in to a hod of lialf-
spcni tan n er s b a rk , covered witli a frame, an d lights. During
th e first y e ar the plants req u ire to be kept in a reg u la r state as
'’® from tlio sun. When th e loaves
,inl»Y'iil\® ¿ r e « ¿ e fu lly tak en u p a n d kept in a d r y
? Yf ®i‘ra»ng February, wlim they are again planted
foiowhTg *''®ra ra th e Ju ly
5213. I t is necessary to keep ihe seed moderately moist, by
¿ i i t l e waterings w itli soft water, th a t has been exposed to the
sun till It IS a little w arm ed ; th e rose o f tiie watering-pot
should bo hemispherical, an d jierforatod with a g rea t number
oi very small holes, th a t will discharge fine streams o fwa te r
Ul a ¿ r y distinct an d reg u la r m an n er. Ahout the time th a t
the p lants begin to make th e ir appoavaiice, it is proper to stir
ffie sui f a ^ of th e e arth with a pin, o r silver bodkin, iu st sufficiently
to admit air, an d give lib e rty to tho y o u n g plants to
all up, an d th e ir two inferior
ho given, h y having hurd les or
waterings mu st he
OTown of a ran u n cu lu s tu b e r, several small protuberance« will
be found ; from each o f whicli a shoot wiil arise, an d th e tul>..v
may therefore be divided by a sharp knife in to as m any parts
as thOTo are protuberances : an d th u s the danger of losing any
rare y a riety is miicii (Uroiiiishcd. These rcctions vrill not
^®®®’“ ‘ y®«^-” rilm-t. Trans., vM iv. p. 580 f
„ .Lhoiee offulUgrown tubers. Seh-ct such as are sound
f e o r e ‘2 pa rt, :iiid haye plump an d p romin en t buds.
5219. S on and siluatton. Accordmg to Maddock, a fresh,
strong, rwh , lowoy soil is preferable to a ll others. Hogg ro-
¿ ram c n d s fresh foann with a considerable portion o f rotten
vol iv W " '» » am so ‘n {H o n . T r a J Z
vol. IV, p. o75.) uses a stiff clayey loam, with a fo u rth p a rt of
ro tten dung. The situation shohld bo open, b u t not o & d
frV??'’ " • ra 'ÿ û r currents o f air. “ Tlic bed should Ú dug
irorn 18 in . to 2 ft- deep, an d not raised more than 4 in abovl
the level of th e walks, to preserve th e moisture more offectu-
^ra-j3elow th e surface should bo placed a stra-
tiiin pf two-year-old rotten cow-dung, mixed witli earth, 6 in
OT Ö in. thick ; b u t th e e arth above th is stra tum, where the
reots are to be planted, should bo perfectly free from dung,
.•'™ " ‘‘‘ U®^S,raJurious, r a th e r th an o f benefit, if too
near them. I h o fibres will draw sufficient nou rishmen t from
It a t the depth above mentioned ; b u t if the d ung was placed
I t will be b e tter to defer p lan tin g tUl th e middle or end of
Ja n u a ry o r begmnmg of February, as tho weather mayfavour-
b u f ^ ii other situations, fhe la tte r end of October or hcginning
o f November is to be preferred, as tho roots will hav ! mor?
time to vegetate an d form themselves, an d will in consequence
bloom ra ttie r stronger, th ough only a few days earlier th an
those la te r planted. A bod, consisting of th e variety called
‘ ro® r é ^Ù / t- ra r^ n e d ran u n cu lu s, will produce a most brillian t
e ¿ c t , if planted a t th e same lim e as th e tulip-hcd, th ey will
bloom together ; th ey are h a rd ie r tlian a n y other ran u n cu luses,
may, in otlier respects, be treated in the same man-
<1 T ^“ ï “®® ‘'*® i’®^ should be raked perfectly even
¿ ( 1 imt, an d th e roots planted in rows, a t th e distance o f about
P o » ’’®“ ®® ^ ra shallow trenches,
m a ¿ ne arly 2 in. deep, th a n to mak e holes for th e reception
of tho tu b e rs : th e re should be a little clean coarse sand
sprtnklod in to the trench, a n d th e roots should he placed witli
tlieir claws downwards, from 3 in. to 4 in. asunder, according
.....,OTQ ...V LLciivii iiaa n be I. carefully fllled u p level w ith th e "s “ ‘' le e t arth . . . a . th . . a . .
t was >•
taken
o ut, so as to cover th e tubers exactly I J in . deep, whicli is tl
on y tru e depth to procure a good blo om ; i t Is pointed o u t by
¿ t u r e in a singulOT m a n n e r; for when these tubers Iiavo
been planted too shaUow or too deep, in e ith er c;
D c ¿ case, a second
tu b o n s te rm ed a t th e p ro p e r depth, b yw h ic h th ep la n tisw c ak -
oued to such a degree tlia t it seldom survives a repetition of it.
vt iiiiamson p lants m spring, b u t never a fte r th e 10th of Febr
u a r y ; an d he frequently p lants the roots in the same place
successively.” (Ilo rl. Trans., vol. iv. p. 376.)
5221. Fu ture cuUure a n â management. Ranunculus tubers
will remain several days in the g round after planting, before
they begin to vegetate; d u rin g this period, they become very
much swelled, h y imb ib in g the moisture of the soil, an d a r ¿
m this stare, extremely susceptible of in ju ry from frèst, mu ch
more so th an when vegetation has a ctually taken place. As
8 o ¿ as th e bed is jilauted, a sufflcient q u an tity of barley or
oat r tr aw ¿ o u ld b e p h ic ed n c arit, re a d y fo ra covering: in ci
haps be nocessar" ’------ --------
th is r a a n i... ot„, „ ..v^ ;
- - - - - -.'ing to o _____
a ll favourable times ; for
long are as destructive
.s* rtth e reverse*, 4e.-szp.e ci[a»ltlliye nbefore th e r
rete, b e c ^ seriië ÿ âfeT lre fem è fe riab Îè'to réro om /m ^ ^
a t any other period, tliaii whicli no th in g can be more p reiu-
dicial. E a rly in th e spring, when th e p lants make th e ir ap-
poar.aime above ground, so as to ren d e r the rows easily discern •
mle, tho surfaco of th e e arth between each row sliould be tro d den
o r be arer, so as to make i t firm an d compact ; an d if tho
soil IS compressed ¿ t i l the fingers, quire close to the plants, it
w 11 keep o u t cold dry in g winds, an d prove beneficial. I t is
ativisable to make choice of a fino d ry day, soon a fte r raiu
whilst the grp u u d is still moist, to p e rà rm ^ ’th r/bO T e o p /ra ï
tio n : wlien it is finished, a little lo n g straw should he placed
b e t« -¿n rach row, to preserve tlie surface of th e soil cool and
moist, till tlie foliage of th e p lants is sufficiently grown and
expanded, to afford it shade without fu rth e r assistance.
6222. Water. April shoivers, an d freq u en t rain s in Mav,
are cssentiahy necessary to th e growth an d vigour of tíie
p la n ts ; i f ¿ e s e fail, soft w ater m u st be administered in sufficient
q u an tity between the rows, hy means of acommon watering
pot, with a long tube or spout, held low, so as n o t to wasli
th e e arth in to holes ; for i t is b e tter to avoid watering the
p lants themselves, as It may c h ill them too m uch, an d stag n a te
th e ir juices. Th e consequences o f omittin g to water when
necessary a rc these, viz. : the plants «-ill make little progress ;
blossom-buds of the strongest will be small, and the weaker
p lants will not hreom a t a ll ; tlie grass, or f o lta ^ , will p u t on
a sickly yellowush appearance, from which it will never recover
d u rin g llie season ; and, lastly, th e tubers will, when tak en
u p , be small an d lean. B u t such k in d of waterings, however
necessary, a rc b y no m eans so sa lutary to these, or any other
flowers, as fine, warm, n a tu ra l showers; they can n either be
so equally dispensed, n o r aro tho p lants n a tu ra lly disposed to
receive them when the atmosplicre is dry, because th e ir pore*
a n d libres are contracted, an d they are, as i t were, in the exwatcrings
arc, in a ll respect;
is hotter therefore to wait a c..., -
of weather, th a n to he too hastwere,
i _ ...........
evident th a t artificial
much inferior to n a tu ra l, it
two, in hopes of a change
hasty in watering, a lthough the
p lants may appear to suffer for th e moment b y the omission ;
to r if such a change should fortunately take place, thev will
receive infinitely n..
selves an d th e soil a
e a lre ad y saturated, o r replenished, with
moisture.
............. .. - - - ,----------- ig h t to be shaded a t such times by
means of lofty hoops and mats, or some b e tter contrivance,
th a t wall adm it lig h t an d a ir fre ely ; a frame an d covering,
similar to th a t for hyacinths, woufd answer best, if expense