‘ . ' J '
L l ) Ih
! '
4- n
? !
ii
U.I'
culatiiig air, occasion tlicin to require more than when thoy
stood ou tlie moist cartli; however, by no means go to the
extreme; give it only when evidently necessary.
5CM. As the close fogyy xoeather advances, y/ator — lq
given more sparingly, else it will consi>irc with Hi
increase tlic damps of the house, whieh will mcvilal
• s plants, by rottir - ------ -
picked
iWy
tlowcrs, should he picked ott as soon as tiicy are ooscrvi
otlicrwisc they will make a very disagreeable appearance.
5605. The months of November and December seem to bei-----
noxious to the health of plants than any other season, by reason
of these being then full of young sappy leaves, ¿ d the remains
of many of the autumu flowers still on them, when the weather
(which at this time generally becomes close and chilly) renders
It necessary to keep the house shut and warm; this occasions a
most nernicious damp to exhale from every iiart of the house,
and even from the earth in the pots, which fl: n the leaves
and otlicr parts of tho plants, to tlicir inevitable injury, particularly
the younger parts, such as were produced in the
urcceding summer. If this kind of weather continue for any
considerable time, it will bo advisable to givo a littlo fire-heat,
to help in drying up these baneful exhalations, and also as
much air ns can be safely admitted by the doors and front windows,
more especially when Are is added, otherM-ise tho heat
of the flues will, instead of expelling the contaminated air,
rather occasion it to exhale more freely, and be of worse consequences.
At this season, also, the plants should be rcgffiarly
examined, to clear thorn of all dirt, and also to scrape oH any
moss, &c., that may have grown on the surface qt tho mould,
and to renew it with a littlo fresh loam; this, it neatly executed,
contributes much to their good appearance.
5606. Fire-hcat. Very littlo firc-heat seems to be requisite
for the presorvirtion of greenhouse plauts in this climate; in
fact, the less it is found necessary to use it the better. Except
iu the case of damp, as before meutioucd, it need not be used
till tlie frost be so severe as to lower the thermometer several
degrees below 48°, and then merely sufiicient to raise it again
to that point. I f this can ho done without the assistance of
fire, so much the hotter; for which purpose, hast mats may
be used along the lower parts of tho house, where thej' can bo
conveniently fastened: these will be of infinite service, even
when Are is used, as less of that element will sulTice; but they
sliould be always taken off in tlie day to admit the light, unless
the weather Gather happens to be particularly par“ severe. It .„ni.n..iy re be also
»Uq
proper >r to remark, that the m
more dry the mould in the pots is
kept at this season the better,
is it win be less liable to attract
tho frost; therefore, water n...........
only to such as are in actual want of it.
depth of winter, there is a succession of v#
several days together, wherein warm s un - . - ot- .
coldest frost, and nights in which fires have been absolutely
ucces5:iry; in this ease, it will ho requisite to give all the air
possible in the day (unless strong harsh winds, or other occasional
preventivos, happen to prevail), observing to sliut the
windows up close early in the afternoon, so as to include jiart
ofthe. natural heat of the atmosphere witliin the house. Such
weather renders an increase of water necessary, especially over
fhc entrance of the flues, where the fires have the greatest
force. It should be administered in the morning, and ought
to be kept iu tho house all the night previous, to expel any
frosty particles it may have imbibed, aud render it neariy
equal to the temperature of the air of the house. But unless
water becomes actually necessary bv the action of the fire, or
the extreme drought of the season (a clrcumstanco not much
to be dreaded in our climate at this time of the year), the less
water used the better; for, though tlie plants in general like
to be kept pretty moist in tho summer, there is hardly any
thing more iieruiclous to them now than an extreme of
mo5i6s0tu7r.e . o ... • i Winter and spring treatment, tnsecis, ff c. During the
months of January and February, and, indeed, all through
the winter and earfy spring, on account of the necessary closeness
of those compartments, it may be expected to see a few
dead or yellow leaves on the plants; those, together with the
dead flowers, and whatever damps may occasionally appear,
should be picked off as soon as discovered.
. The mihlew and green-fiyyiiW also be paying frequent
visits at this season; particularly on the young shoots of heaths,
and such like tender-leaved plants. The bcst remedy for the
.0 the number of plants infected, to be used in the following
manner: — As soon as the least symptom of this disease is perceived
(for the sooner it is stopped the bettor), which makes
its appearance like a whitish down around the tops of the tender
shoots, or a species of fungus on the back or under part of
tho leaves, provide a vessel full of clear wator, large cnougli
to immerge the plant in, exclusive of the ixit, which must be
held in an inverted position, with the hand placed so as to
prevent the mould falling o u t; in this manner, jJunge the
plant into the water; and while it is wet, holding it in the
same position, let another apply tho above )ireparation ivith «
powder-puff, or some such machine, in such a m---a--n-n--e--r-,- *th'•at
and lifting thi-m carefully off without breaking the ball of
roots, at the bottoni or sides of which they are generaUy to be
found. It is easily known when they are in tho pots, by thoir
casts on the surface. Indeed, this is a thing that should be
attended to at every season of tho year, as they are to he observed
more or leas at all times, and considerably derange tho
economy ofthe pot, when they arc suffered to persevere.
5610. As the spring advances, it will be found necessary and
convcntont to admit a more freo circulation of fresh a ir ; and
on account of the increasing drought and lieat of the season,
water must be given more plentifully: but tho houses must
not yet be left oiicn at night, particularly the top-lighw, as the
weatlier is in general .«o very changeable at this season, that it
seldom becomes in any degree settled ; but a, .—.......... .
may venture to expose the plants both day and night to all the
vicissitudes of tho weather, should it continue in any degree
moderate. Being thus treated, they will require a considerable
increase ofwater, which may now be copiously given to
them, particularly the more free-growing kinds: but let the
folloiring be observed ns a general maxim not to be departed
from; that it is necessary to the health of plants, cspeciaUy the
tenderer species, to be permitted to become moderately dry
before they are again watered; bceausc, when kej't in a continually
wet state, the mould becomes entirely destitute of that
active quality so indispensably necessary to vegetation; and
the plant, in consequence, will assume a very unhealthy appearance,
which many might perhaps not attribute to the
proper cause. {Exotic Gard., p. 150.)
5611. Treatmeniofgreenhonseplantsinaconservatory. Tins
should resemble the treatment of plants in pots, as far as the
difference of circumstances will permit. Tho plants in the
conservatory cannot be set out in the open garden ; but the
roof can bo removed to produce .the samo effect, and should
bo done about the samo time. Instead of shifting, the soil can
he refreshed by manure and top-dressiiigs, or it may be entirely
renewed; and pruning, traiiiiug, and attention to cleanliness
and neatness aro alike applicable to both modes of culture.
When the greenhouse plants arc housed, the lights or roof
of the conservatory should he replaced. The plants, in the
mean time, will require as much air as it is possible to admit
on all fine days; and iu case rain prevents the lotting down of
the roof-lighte, the front ones, if any, should be as open as
possible. This is to prevent the plants being drawn into long
naked stems, and weak branches, which, from their free habit
of growth, thoy inevitably otherwise would be. As the cold
of ivinter increases, which it naturally will do in the months
of October, November, and December, a proportionate decrease
must be observed in giving either air or water; and, if
necessary, add a little fire-hcat, and mats along those parts of
in this way will, — ro , -
should afterwards be taken to tho reserve department,
placed in some dry airy part of the house, not conspicuous,
unti! it has recovered its verdure. Should the ni-hisshow itself
upon the plants, fumigation with tobacco, a-s before recommended,
will do mucli to destroy it. All flowering trees or
slirul's, at some period or other, cast thcir leaves, and this
natural repose of vegetation sliould bo selected as the most
appropriate time for destroying thcir peculiar insects, then
existing for the most part in the egg. Hot water, as recommended
(§ 5581,), will effectually destroy theeggs of the aphis,
and check the progress of the red spider, and of the different
species of Cdccus. During fumigation, great care should be
taken to close every aperture by which a vent may he given
to the smoke.
5009. Towards the end of tointer, the plants should bo regularly
cxainiued, and cleaned from any filth they may have
acquired during tliat dreary season ; such as moss on the surface
of tho pots, aud leaves tliat have dropped thereon; also
any plauLs that may have grown into a loose habit should be
tied up. The platforms or stages should be clean brushed,
whilo the planu arc removed, and any worms that may have
harboured in the pots dislodged, by turning them upside down,
theglassYiearc'st the plants, in such a manner as to prevent tho
frost or piercing winds from injuring them. The convorsatory,
in these particulars, requires to he managed in the samo manner
as directed for tlic greenhouse. As few objects are more
desirable than to preserve the gay appearance of the plants, it
will be requisite to pay constant attention to the removal of
decayed leaves and weeds of every description: also to tie up
or cut short any loose straggling branches that happen to show
themselves, to remove those pots which may have been plunged
in, or set on the pit when out of flower, and, if convenient,
to have their places supiilied with others in a fresher state.
5612. Dnrimi Novemhar, December, January, and February,
the moisture oi the atmosphere in such departments, where
there is a great body of damp mould, wil! occasion several
species ofthe S ryum, and other mosses, as also of the Fungi,
to vegetate; particularly as the mould has had timo to settle,
and tho surface to become of a close firm texture, which would
give the house a very unclean s
medied by frequently stirring wit...................
the pit, to thedcpth of 2 in. or 5 in., and raking it over sraoouiiy
with a neat close-toothed rake, which, as well as the fork,
shoultl be particularly adapted to this tyrpose, by being furnished
with short handles, so as to enable tlie operator to use
them with IVcodom under the plants, by which means mauy
broken off, which can-
, . s are alloivetl to be used
raked, lot somc fine-sifted frosh
oOTOT.ro..OTOT tho surface, and it will tend to
more agreeable appearance ; besides, being dry, it
will serve to imbibe a good quantity of the superabundant
moisture.
5613. As the spring advances, the plants will require considerable
attention to keep tliem in proper order, on accoimt of
their great increase of growth, more parHcularly tho cUinbing
plants, trained against the walls or trelbs-work; ¿ e se should
be daily attended to, and trained in their proper places, directing
their course to tliose parts of the house which, from their
nakedness, appear to want them most: also, these species of
plants heing remarkably free growers in general, it will frequently
bo found neeessary to tliin them, by cutting away any
unsightly parts, and thoso branches most destitute of flowers;
by wliich means there will he suflicient room for tho young
vigorous growth, and these should be trained in regularly as
they advance, otherwise thoy will attach themselves to the
flrst object they meet, and render it diflicult to dress them
neatly afterwards. , , 56Í4. Slugs, snails, and other vermin, arc very fond of harbouring
among tlie leaves of these plants, when permitted to
grow crowded; also under any low bushy plants in the pit,
whence they make their nightly excursions, to the great injury
of tho foiiagc in general, if not seasonably detected. 1 ho
drought and warmth increasing with tho year, will render it
convenient to admit more air, aud an increase ofwater; two
very essential iioints, that should never be neglected.
5615. In summer, the lights having been removed, as betöre
directed, the plants should iiave any necessary pruning, and be
all regularly fresh tied up, to sccuro them against the free
action of the wind; they will, if the weather happens to be <lry,
which is most frequently the case at thU season, require an
abundant supply ofwater, particularly Ihe strongfree-growmg
sorts, oil accouut of being thus exposed to the open air. I he
cause for thus taking oft' the top lights every summer is, that
the plauts may have the benefit of tho warm invigorating
CLIMBING GREENHOUSE PLANTS.
¿owers of that season, and the action of the perpendicular
air, which will be a great means of thcir acquiring that strong
healthy, robust growth, so much wished for; indeed, where h
is not praetiBoil, the plants seldom fail of being drawn Into the
first planting, many of them will be growtnh rteoe a^sy lcaSrg^e f rao smiz e haos
the house will admit. The knife must be then ffeere usm
arnoiig such, to keep them within bounds, and nmvent Z f r
injuring each other, which they inevitably would, if ncrmitted
to grow too close toMther. iiowever, in performing tills we
murt be v c ^ careful list wc disfigure the general apiiearance
of the plant, cutting away only the rude and overgrown narts
rt Im Ï?'i • ra clca« off, without leaving any of thé
.younger parts which are retained
should then be tied neatly up, so as to form a handsome mid-
dling-sized bush. It will also be necessary to observe whether
any have outgrown their neighbours in the front rows-
these may conveniently be moved into more backward situa-’
tions, antltheir places supplied with other new varieties, if to
be had. Thiswork may be done with safety any time in snring
or ¿ tum n , when tho weather hapj.cns to be a little d u ll; it
will be advisable, however, to cut off a few of the most luku
tJnree ?r"o?o®ts,* s"o’ a’^s" 1to' ^fo rm a hall, some days previous to iatsr ofulnnadl
fransplanting, which also operates as a partial check on tiie
free gmwth of the plant. It should be taken up ii ith a good
ball of roots ami earth, and well watered as soon as replanted-
It may also be found requisite to shade lightly, for a few days. sucli a.« are friTl« rnrv,r.vei1 ;r »l.ro ,irroi,.I.»ro Uro.....ro- ro. .. ff '
S e c t . IIL Climbing Greenhouse Plants.
Those marked h have herbaceous stems.
CLIMBING GREENHOUSE P LANTS .
MAY. JITN-E. JULY. AUGUST. SEPT. OCT.
Zlchya tricolor, and
villósa
Cobffi'a scàndens
Ipomce'a péndula
Kennèdya coccínea,
Comptontà/in, inmio-
p h ¿ la , ovàta, prostrata,
rubicunda
Wistària sinénsis
BiUardlèra fusifórmis,
longifl.,mutàl).,scàiid.
Convólvulus Massóni
Dillwynia glychiefòlia
Ilardenbcrgirt macro-
phvlla
Hibbertia volùb., dcntà.
Hoÿa carnósa
Lyónsio straminea
Tfooma jasminöidcs
Dólichos Jacquini, lign.
Hibbértia crenàta
Iloya Póttsu
Microlòma sagittàtum
Lophospérmum Bliodo-
chiton
/olànum Soaforthiùnitm
Técoma grandiflòra
Tacsbnia manicàta,
mollissima
Astéphanua triflòrus
Convólvulus canariénsis
Kennèdya dilatàta,
monophÿlla, ovàta
Passiflòra CoMIIii
Sóllya (Biliardièra) hcterophylla
Brnnnlchta cirrhòsa
Convólvulus ^canariénsis
Dumàsi'a pubéscens
./asminum azóricum
Lophospérmum erubésc.
Passiflòi-a coerùleo-raee-
mòsa, c.-er. rac. trilobàt.
Tropec'ol. pentaphyll, h.
5617. The propagation and culture of this tribe •e thesame
as for woody plants (5599.). The situation pro;
riimhers and creepers lias already been consi_„
To cultivate them to perfection, a house should be entirclv
devoted to them, in which they should be plautcd in prepared
>roi>erforplantlng
msidcred (5154.).
hould entirely
soil and trained on poles, like hops, or on arcades, or on
single rods running from the front or shies of the house to the
back or centre; but suflieiently distant from the pie.« m
S e c t . IV. Succulent Greenhouse Plants.
SUCCUL ENT GREENHOUSE P LANTS .
MAKCII TO KAY. JUNE. JULY. AUGUST. SEPT. OCT.
A’loc glauca, soccotrina
Bowiòa africàna
Cotylèdon corùscans
Cràssula cordàta,
obliqua, punctàta
Globùlea lingua, suleàta
Hawórthire traiislùcens
Kalosànthes odoratlssi.
Mosembryànthemura
crassicaiile, marginà-
tum, mlcrophyllum,
versicolor
Pachidéndron fèrox,
pseùdo-fèrox
Portulacària àfra
/cmpervivum arbòreum
Turgòsia tomentósa
A'Ioe perfoliàta
A'picra pentagòna
Fulbine aloóides
Cotylèdon jasminiflòra
Cràssula imbricàta,
orbìculàris
Echcvèn'a coccínea,
grandifòlia
Gastèrla lingua, nigrica.
Ilawórthia niargaritl-
fcra, mèdia, minor
Kalosanthes coccínea
Mesembryànthemum
auràntium, capitàtum
Rhipidodéndron plioàti.
/empervivum aùreum,
Smithii, tabuiæfôrme
A'loe maculàta, mitrie-
fórmis, nóbilis
Anacàmpseros arachnoïdes,
filamentósa
A'picra áspera, spiràlis,
spirélla
Cotylèdon hemisphæ'ric.
Gastèrla pùlclira
Globùlea lingua
Hawórthia viscósa
Kalosànthes jasminea,
odoratissima, versicol.
Mosemhryànthomum
A izôon lanceolàtum
A'ioc deprèssa, diclióto-
ma, flavispìna, virons
Cràssula columuàris,
«ricüidcs
Curtógyne undàta,
undulàta
Globùlea atropurpúrea
Hawórthia àlbicans,
arachnòìdes, cymbi-
fórmis, pellucida,
recurva
Kalosànthes flàva
A'Ioe arboréscens, piota,
purjiuràseens
Anthéricum revolùtum
Cacàlia articulàta,
/icSìdes, Kleinia
Cràssula rovólvens,
fllicaùlis
Dactylànthes globósa
Globùlea radicans
Mesembryànthemum
depréssum, diffórme,
minimum, minùtum,
nòbile, nucifórmc,
obconéllum, obcordél-
lum, testiculàrc, tlgrl-
num, vulpìnum
Turgòsia pertùsa
Ròciiea falcata, perfòl.
Sempervlvum barbàtu.,
glutinàsum, ùrbicum
Mesembryànthemum
freUiditÌòr., scalpràt.
Monànthes polyphylla
5619. Propagation. With succulents this is remarkably
?asy, as cuttings and suckers, where tiiey can be procured,
icldonifail to put out roots; howevcr,somc sorts of A'loc. Crds-
mla, &c.,
they may . .............................. ...... ...
tings or suckers, the latter shouldbe laid in a dry airy place, till
the wounds heal; they may then he planted in the proper soil,
one in each of the smallest-sized pots; and being kciit a few
weeks in a dry heat, and shaded from bright sunshine, they
will seldom fail to emit miniature plants from thcir surface
ahout the point of Us juncture with the surface of ttie soil.
In raising succulents from seeds, proceed as directed for the
seeds of woody plants; but observe to be more sparing of water
. A sandy loam is the soil n IS the D
rsally allowed
order to let the water pass the more rapidly through it; and
for tlie more succulent and dwarf sorts, as Stapiiliii, CActus,
&c,, about an eighth part of old lime-rubbish may he added.
Succulents do not associate well with any other description of
plants, neither as to appearance nor modes of culture; therefore,
wherever they are extensively cultivateil, there should be
a house or houses on purpose for them. Ono house would be
required for tlie more hardy sorts included in this section, and
another for the dry-stove succulents given in a succeeding
table. They require very little watering, and never over the
top during the winter m onths; in summer, if the pets be well
drained, they will bear more water, espcciaUy wlien in flower.
The pots in which they are placed should be smaller in proportion
than for other plants, as thoy grow slowly, evaporate
little, and apparently derive great part of their sustenance from
the air. They need not he shifted oftener than once in two or
three years; but the surface earth should bo taken off, and
fresh compost added every year. Tliey do not require to he
set out in the open garden during summer; but as much air
as iiossible should bo admitted to them, aud the roof of the
house should be opeu that season, night and day, except
during heaiT rams. “ 1 he greatest injury,” Page observes.
winch tliese plants have to be guarded against is that from
damps in winter; therefore they should be frequently looked
over, and all decayed parts removed, particulariy from thoso
wliich are stemless, and when the loaves touch the earth.” He
adds, “ few of these plants, either those of the greenhouse or
hothouse, aro cuUiratod in general, but merely to fill up the
by-sholves and odd corners of the exotic houses; but if a
proper attention were paid to them, and their cultivation
¿ t t ^ known from a study of their characters, we have no
doubt but they might be rendered as ornamental and in-
forestmg as those now considered tho most select. Most of the
terms and growtlis of tlicse plants are truly curious- and
many of thcir flowers of the greatest heauty and brilliancy.
Since the days of Dillenius and the lute James Lee, these
plants have had few admirers ; but the present Emperor of
Germany, the Prince of Salm, the Vice-King of Lombardy
and our countrymen Haworth and Anderson, the latter the
able curator of the Chelsea Botanic Garden, endeavoured fo
bring them again into ¡that notice which they so omlnentlv
deserve.” {Prodromus, 220.) "
5621. Afescmfiryant/iemKms are planted out by Mowbray in
a pit along the front wall of a hothouse. The soil he us^es is
rich gardeii-inould and fresh loam : “ the sorts aro M in
daudcns, aurfintium, perfoliàtum, deltnides, barbàtum,' and
other species of different habits ; the strong-growing kinds are
put towards the back, and the dwarf ones in the front They
grow vigorously, and flower in a superior manner to what they
do in small pots ; nothing can surpass the brilliancy of their
blossoms in a bright summer’s day, and many of them continue
flowering all winter. All the culture they require is
tliinning, and protection by mats over tho glass in severe
weather. In summer tho sashes are taken off, and tlir soil
may ho covered with stones like rockwork.” {Hort Trans
vol. V. p. 274.)
l i