.'M'
t o ' ' tii!
Ü ' : ìli
n,
WOODY GKEENIIOUSE ELANTS. —SEETEMBEK.
Cròwcrt saligna
?úcltóúi, ¿yclüMes,
pai-villòni
Il ílay to
ti« Ileisti
YICLI.OW.
Bânksin dryandrifl/es,
grandis, rèpons
Calceolària rogòsa
Gordònia lasiaiitlios
Ilcrmàunia plicàta
-OCTOBER. NOVEMBER. DECEMBER
ClirysAntlicmum
liuùnse large lilao,
rose or pink, quilled
expanded lightpui
pie, quillocl liglit
purple,starry purple.
Calceolària Integrifòlia,
rugósa
Chrysàiitliem. siiiónse
numerous yellow var.
Dryàndra nervósa,
ptcridifòlia
idnum africànum
iphocàrpus arborès-
us, fnuicòsus
Myóporum parvifòlium
'toùcca alolfòlia, dracò-
nis, superba
A'rbutus longifòlia
Chrysàiitliciuu. siiiénse
luporb white, tassoled
white, and olhcrs
Gardènia Thunbcrgia
Ilàkoa suavèoiens
Myóporum parvifòlium
Raphiólepis indica
- ..........IgO . OT .
/àlvia bicolor
Witsònia corymbòsa
5587. Propagation. The mode universally applicable is
by cuttings; but a few sorts, which are very ditficult to strike,
are sometimes layered, grafted, or inarched, and a number are
raised from seeds.
5.588. Many greenhouse planU bring Uieir seeds to perfection
in this counti~ii; at whatever time tliose ripen, unless before
midsummer, it is best to keep them till the following I-ebruary.
Sown at that season they soon vegetate, and make strong plants
before winter. The pots shoultl be well drained, filled with
mould suitable to the species to be sown, and the surface
covered with mould of tho finest quality, as a bed for the seeds;
several kinds may be sown in a pot, where the quantity of seed
is not groat, or its quality doubtful; cover with the same fine
nould, according to the size of the seeds, and then give a gen-
with the finest rose watering-pot, Tlicnow
be set iu the most dry airy part of the propagaiion-nouso,
wliere they can bo regularly attended, as lo watering and
'^'^5589?" Watering, Cushing observes, they will require at least
once a day, in a greater or less degree; for if they are not kept
j'roperlv moist, the seeds will not by any means vegetate fret ’
t a il; however, the other t Î is to be s
they attain any size; else, besides their tops smothering the
young seedlings which may have started, the roots, in getting
them out afterwards, not only disturb them, but also the remaining
seeds that may be perhaps on the point of bursting
their oinhryo. As che spring nilvuiiees. It will be necessary to
lay a few sheets of strong paper over tho pots, for two or three
hours in the middle of tlio day, if the weather happens to be
clear, and the sun acts forcibly on them, particularly thoso in
which the finer seeds are sown, in order to prevent tho surface
getting over dry anti powtler-likt, or otherwise, if the mould
happens to be pretty moist, it is liable to form a mossy
which might be particularly provcntiii
o prc
ight be part ’ injurious, by preventing the
throngh it with th a t ................ ..
must thoy be managed until the beginning or middle of Ou.,«,
at which season the larger kinds of seed mny be removed to
somo shady border, whore the )iots can bo phiugctl nearly up
lo the rim in coal-ashes or saud, which will greatly assist to
keep them In a proper moist state: here, all tho caro they will
rcQuiro is to be kept clear from weeds, aud regularly watered,
morning and evening, if retiuisito; but never wheu the sun
sliiues strong upon them, lest the tender loaves of the young
plants should get scorched; it will be also necessary to have a
careful eye daily for slugs, worms, &c. Should there bo any
fine Ught-coverod seeds, such as heaths, S:c., they must bo sot
in such a manner, that they may bo covered with a common
hotbed frame, in a moderately exposed situation, so that in
ease of sudden or heavy showers, which might otherwise wash
the seeds out of the pots, they may be occasionally covered to
iiroservc them from such violence; yet they may be exposed to
gentle rains at times, but never long together, lest they become
over wot, ivhich would soon render them, in this teiulur stato,
unhealthy. They will likewise require to bo shaded with a
mat in clear weaiiicr, or even a double mat, in the very hottest
6690. Potting off. Early in July, many of them will be
growmg pretty fast, and ivill retiuire to be potted off into separate
pots; as it is much preferable to do tins whilo they are
young and small, before tbeir roots become matted togetlier,
tban it is attcrwards: besitles, that they liave a eonsitlorable
portion ofthe growing season before them to establish themselves,
before the winter stops thcir career. In iierformiug
this work, care ihould he take;i to match the pot to the size
of the plant, and miturc of the s]xcies to be potted; as ovcr-
potting these small serdlings might be nf tbe worst consequence.
The largest-sized pots for this use, unless the plants
are particularly strong, aro of tho size called 60; hut for
heaths, and such like very small kiuds, a still less size, known
by the name of thumb pots, are to be prcfeircd. Being provided
with a number of these, and the different sorts of mould
properly prepared, that may be rotiuisito for the ki:iils to bo
done, (irocced to part the plants; in doiugivhich, let tho nicest
care be taken to preserve as mi:cli routs ami earth to each plant
as can possibly bo done ivithout injuring the others: let tliem
be neatly potted in the proper mould, which must be gently
pi-essod to the roots, tbat they may the sooner incorporate
thcmselyes iiith it. In this manner, pot as many as may
be thought siifficloiit for the present purpr - at •’.............
the s
time allowing ft few for deaths. They ni
ist then be well
watered, in flic manner already directed ft
r SGctliings, and
set in a cool frame, on coal-ashea well rolled,
ir any substance
that will prevent the worms getting
:Uiy into them, as
they otlienvise would. The lights :
e kept constantly
on,'and closed, for n few days, more or less as circumstances
may require; and it will be also necessary to shade them very
securelv from tlio strong rays of the sun at first: however, iu a
little time, the lights may be taken off at night, if fine, having
them on, and shading iu tho day, until by degrees the plants
are so harUeiietl as to be able to withstand the full power of
tho snii: thus, iu the space o fa tbrmiglit or so, thoy will bo fi'
to be set along with the other plants. This business should not
be undertaken later than the middle of August, for, it executed
at a more advanced season, tho plants will not have time
to establish themselves; therefore, any that may remain in the
pots, not strong enough to bo parted by that period, should be
removed into tho propagation-house early in September, aud •
there placctl in thcir proper situation iu that department until
tho spring following. Intiecd, tlicrc aro some scctls which absolutely
require to be kept for that term before they will vegetate;
whereby it becomes necessary to examine with care
whatever pots bave not by that time shown any signs of vegetation,
and thoso which aro found alive must be saved, and
treated in the same manner a.s fresh-sown seeds.
5691. The pots set in tke hoitse will require nearly the samo
treatment as usual, viz. to be kept perfectly clear fi om weeds,
and regularly watered. Water should now be given in the
morning only, as any damps it may occasion will have time
sufficient to evaporate in tho course of the cnsuitig day;
whereas, if given in tho evening, it causes a chillness about
their tender leaves, and from tho necessary closenei
house at night, not having free exhalation, it may d
torial iniui-y, I_)_t_ o_n_ljy .tc............c..e. .d..l.i.n.„g.s_. .t_.h._.e.._m.. .s.e lve s, bu...t . .l.i.1k. ..c.l.wo...i.rs.t.«..
to the adiaccnt plants, by tending to increase the general tlamp
ofthe house. When first housed, if tho weather prove clear,
they must be shaded for two or three hours at luitl-tlay; but
tills practice must not be followed too closely, as the intlufiico
of the sun is but seldom too powerful for them at this season,
aud during the winter montlis tho more sun they receive the
better: It is also necessary to bo particular in observing that
no slugs, snails, or any other insect Iiarbour about them.
Thoso sectis received from Now South Wales, in general, as
well as many others of the Snulli Sea Islands, and also several
of the larger sorts from the interior parts of tho Cape of Good
Hope, from tho warmer countries of temperate America, and,
in short, any of the climes in, or approaching the same
latitudes, although the plants uhen grown will flourish and
come to perfection inthc greenhouse, yet tbe seeds will retiuiro
tho aitl of a hotbed when first sown, to set them in vegetation,
and until they are parted and establlshctl in thoir seiiaratc
pots, thon fo be Imrdoncd by degrees to the ojieii a ir ; from
ivhich time, they may be treated as dlrcoted for the more liardy
ami common sorts of seotllings. {Exotic Gard., p. 84.)
5593. By cuttings. This mode of propagation may be com-
inoucod about the middle or end of January. As young slioots
in a growing state generally strike most freely, where these are
wanting on particular specimens, tne plants may be forced for
a few weeks in the stove, or in any of the pits in tho reserve
ir-gartlen, to educe them, i l l the soft-wooded, tciidtT,
' ■ ■ ch as Indicbfera. Crotah , -
__ rt............of tho .........................
Gcraniicoic, may requiro this treatment. By the end of Veb-
ruary, the heat will have ctluced shoots_ of from 2 in. to 4 in.
in length, and from
and dress them neatfe ...... ...........,............ ........
leaves as close to the shoot as possible ivithout woundinp it
except a few at the top, to be left for tbe free respiration ot tbe
cutting; this observation should be particularly attended to
ill making cuttings of evergreens in general, whether hardy
ov tender: let them be cutoff at bottom with a cleiiu horizontal
cut, at a joiut or bud, and immediately inserted in thcir
proper pots. To liave the pots properly prejjarcd is a very
necessary jiart of the business; being well drained, they shoultl
be rather more thau lialf filled with tho mould or coinijostbost
suited to the nature of tlie plant, anti afterwards filled with
gooil loam or sand, whichsoever may be thought more advisable
to insert the cutting in :. if sand is used, it should be
previously well watered, otherwise it cannot be sulllcioiitly
tigbronctl to the base of tbe cutting; a most essential jiolnt to
bo observed; liowevcr, it should have time to be well drained
off from the pot before the cuttings arc put in ; as they, being
so teiiiliT, are extremely liable to damp at this season, than
ivhich notliing is more injurious. The loam ivill, in general,
bo founil sullicicntly moist of itself; and sliould it be of a fine
san.ly n:tture, so much the better; but If not. a third or fourth
p.irt of fiiic sand shoultl be added, and well mixed previous to
the soil’s being used.
5593. Iieing iiropcrly planted, let them be covered immediately
with the proiier glasses, ivoU fitted, and pressed moderately
on the mould, so iw perfectly to exclutle the air. They
should then be plunged in the front of the bark-pit of the propagation
house; or otherwise in a hotbed frame made up for
that purpose. The inside of tho glasses should be regularly
wiped with a dry cloth every morning; and any of the cuttings
that happen to damp, carefully taken away before they contaminate
the rest. If tho sun happen to bo uiicioudetl, they
nuist be shaded lor a few days moderately with strong paper,
or some sucb article; but by no means is it to be left on too
lato ill the afternoon, as the cuttings, being so soft and tentic r,
arc extremely susceptible of injury by over-shading. In tho
space of ten days or a fortnight, some of the frcc-rooting kintis
will bo making efibrfs of growth: as soon as this is noticed, it
will bo necessary to give them a U
off every o '
and putting tlicm on again early tbe following mornlnff • until
follmved at different intervals, accortling ns thQ'*cuUiniM*are
April.
5694. May and June is the most proper time for pronaaatinn
most or all cf the woody shrub-lik-e plants: sbch as mvrtlef
¿anges, mofrosidoros, banksias, &c., and more particularly
htaths, as foe young wood will by that time be in general
prttty far advanced. If this business ia begun in Juno which
u early enough they must, on account of ®tS? focr?a«^ heat
of the scMon, be plunged in some cool sliatly situation where
with large cap-glaases ove“r rthae? s"mraell qounfier eas tow beell cnoiviexreetdl
cuttings, as ¿ a th s , except a few of tho lierbaceous sorts, sueh
frorovJH strong, substantial, broadbottor
witl,aut tl» .»uU „ ,i» |. ».»,?. air " u £
«oner when too closely covcrotl, thau they do when differently
managed; and it is weil ascertained, that the longer tho loavtis
arc retained in an ¿ tiv e state, the greater the probability of
success: this is to be merely uiitlorstood as relatiii" to late
cuttings; for the samo articles, if put iu early in spring, very
I ^ .¿operate heat, closely covered, properly shaded
kinds that remam to be propagated should Cailistoti tbigo smola'adielt hact
rbee itnrgo hth"u®s" ’a rrangmeda,n tahgeeyd miuu stth bee scaamreof umllayn snhear.d edT whhee wnehvoeler
11 acts violently ou them, especially when first put i
».Iro.l 1 to- .1___ ..__ '
' the advaneiiig season, these will likewise advance’
S I'oT” CA»«;
Hferrrort *1 "G'ta® May, and trace, from Cushing, an outhire
for thoir ¿nera^ “ ’fo4 l>out the
nittVronn- »"“ rar observes, for the most
partrcquirc a considerable sharcofpet-room, as manvof them
arc very free growers; but still greater cautiin is ncee^irv m
avoid over-potting the tenderer wcak-grt,iving kt. ds w L n
S S i l f e S E c S s f e s - f
»m lor . taw U ij. t .,„ , „ » ,„n„a'„S of , „TuTuia w
luc nortli aspect oi vacai netl iwgiabllles soirt uhaetiiioixn,s» for tliïs purpo se1, .a , ’
P i i i . ï .h ; s r r™ E '; , 'a £ X u S t i ^
'■ who ado|)t
£rroet.ho..oo^,,la,i,3 arc fond^of the warmth of tho s in , oxt
t they
o'clock L„
mild influence of the sun'at that ho
up any damps that may have arisen ivithin tl
bo ¿30 raqmsite to dry the small bell-glasses
51« d.Tccted for the spring t • '
hich may
r live
istaiices, as the
locessary to diT
e caps. Iiwift
Hiiv'kf ii, .■ ‘"'v- “,>'‘•‘■15 cutting.«, anti to water occasionally
tfo, LkM/ Jpl t‘hi®e top "offe t'?h“e c‘"u"tyti ng dry, fyte't ftth“o' “ mraouuiilhd fitn f t thlue- o{p,oort
must be kept as near a medium as possible between wet and
T - o i they will not vegetate freely,
win Some of the first put in spring cuttings
will m May or June, require to bo parted and potted s e p t
reiA^-"' performing wliicb, bo careful to avoid
bieakmg tho roots, using them much iu the same manner as
««•■'iftngs. When potted and watered,
.1 n iroi 7 ? ft'® Propagation-house for a few days, and
.1» a p e X f e i s r a ’a“ S S ” X i S
injury, on account of which, the lights over tbom sbould be
kojit closer tliai:
June, any of the ro„.,OT„.v
llleTilt. Iirn... -thIo. - p_r_o_p_.a.1gatiou-li ! spring, should be plunged U,ro roH.ro... ...l. » M ,? .
must be ca relully attended tc
¿ y the glasses, and to water wheifwantec
fnr.e. slh,n wlra„tretr eId.,- .t.o- le.3t tho glasses stand ^0
usual for a few days. About tho middle of
*—•dercr greenhouse cuttings tliat have been
........... ■ shoult ■
Ilg, to pick off damps,
it is ativisable, when
for about a quarter
unless
nappeiis to be very dear, and sliining directly on them. It has
heen alroaily remarked, that there are many kinds n hicli do
better w ith ^ t tho s mall grol ass—es;, .srutc..h. rats- t.h..ee ssttrroonngg--gerroowwiing
leaves, as the "Croa®m®C"}-?l'l!t*a , and som»feto s pthecoisees wofit Jh'l cthxi,c &k cl.e, awthheicryh
-ollcctmg .t‘h?e“ ‘r®a y‘s® o''rfo "tlh®o “su'®n.f t fAt»n'’y® *t iSmCOo' '«d’'u«r'!in hgy tthlleC mgloanSSthO:S
of Jui
July, cuttings of these sorts mny be made
success; ^ by tbat time tho young shoots will b
be suiBciently
firm for that purpose, and will strike freely in good loam: but
camellias, and such like sorts, should not be cut until the
tthl’md rr trei size, as they aro, whgeronw tatiki,e na ntodo tyhoeu nlega, vpeasr taicttualienveid..
subject to rottenness and damp. In July and August, tl: will DC mnov rot +l,ro ororoi:— »..**iroro-___ !__ . .
Wlre'i recentiy potted, provided their’roots are kep't ¿lodeVa
rancs that will not be wanted to house in the autumn and
CTcii lias a very pretty effect when judiciou.sly done ■ but it will
by no means do lor the toniler species. Therefore upon thi
wLole, the most unexceptionable situations are such as at tl e
same time afford a moderate iiortion of shade and nm «■»
situated as to break the force of those strong gales whieli frfe
quently biowin the summer and eariy autumn month« nmi
yet allow that free circnlation of air s5 necc.«sary to t c well
being of plants in general and at all seasons, llaiihm flvid
on tho place where they are to stand it must be
¿eansed from weeds, and the hedges, if any neatlv ciini... f
It should then be well relied, to make it p&fe
level; over It a layer of good lime, slaked and made into the
consistency of thick wbitewasb, should be poured, .md loft to
soak into the surface, as a preventive •
into tho pots, When this is dry, let
sifted coal- aslics be regularly laid 011, and flrmiy relied a
time. Being tlius preparctl, the plants may bo brougl
and set reg u la rly an d lo v el on th e L r fa c c ,- •
ingemout may bcst suit the situation whatever ;
frost, a
built 0....
tho free air,
tcctod whe
----ro — rtrt.rtj,.ro.j ro irt_5 roii.i n
ly of the earlier cuttings growing; In««#,« fnUro.. rotV ro. 1.^5*»— .15—-ro , _
have thoir glasses taken
d for a few days in a more exposed situ.iuuii
tliem by degrees, in which they must be shade,
midday sun, but freely exposed to the air at night.
&5i>6. F a riin j ajidsjotimt? should also be occasi
ihaded from the
of them happen to be more backward than others in the'sanic
-nd not rooted, let them be put in again as cuttings, and
treated a , ___
as directed for secdlin
diadod, excejit ii
IS such;those potted should be set in a cool frame,
— '■’ings, where they must bo kept close and
i»ara,r..'5?ft<»a|?*‘‘ ■>' ""S'“
¿ 9 7 . Removing to the propagallon-hov.se. At the season in
wfoieli It 13 judged advisable to house the genera! collection
01 groenbouse plants, it will be also requisite to liave the
cuttings removed to tho propagation-house, to be cli-anet!
sorted, and regulated, according to their different kinds anti
stages of growth. Tho commoner sorts will do to be set in
any p ^ t of the house where they will have free air and light
and where thoy can be got at conveniently to water, and inck
them when noces.«ary; the more curioua kinds should bo set in
a dry airy part, u here they can be carefully attendetl, to prevent
foeir gettingover dry or dirty, and also to lake the gia.«ses
occasionally off thoso that maybe groiving. All the backward
heaths, pmeas, or any other liard-wooded kimis, sneh as aro
It the Botany Bay plants, tke., that take a long time ti>
strike, should he set in' e of the coolest aud driest situations
iltivator "ta “““ ‘“ '■““‘''''‘I Vl taste of tho
5601. //oiiSi'ityjnaKtiiwn. Asthevoungtendcrshootsnftho
summer’s growth aro extremely lia'ble t? brinjured'b^^the
ion as any symptoms of this ajinoar, tliey should bo
o tlioir winter quarters, where, if the greenliouse is
proper principle, they can still havo the benefit of
tooted
removed 111 the e ^ h c r part of September. Therofore, about a
fortnight before that time, they sliould be regularly oxamhied
and any roots that may liavc extended themselves through the
hol^ at the bottom o fth e pots cleanly cut away: this tends
to stop the too luxuriant groivth; and being executed at a nm
per iienod, before tlieir final removal, they have time to reco'
vor ffiemselves from tbe partial check they may liave received
hy It, iriiich would como doubly severe, if deferred until tbe
lime of removing them into tho house; the transition from
the cool bottom on which they stood, to the dry boartls of the
grcenhoiisc stage, ¿m g so materially different. Whatever
may be the mode of arrangement adopted (515.5,), fhe plan«
must not bo set too close when first put in, as it would occa.
Sion most of thcir tender leaves to turn yellow and foil off-
neither should they, ff the house happens toC T b e e n bfo¥°fu
are a » /“ ®ans taken in when thcir leaves
_ 6602. WhenJiey are all hmised, and dirt of every description
IS taken away, lot as mmdi free air he given as possible in tho
daytime, and even at night, should the weatlier prove motlo-
rMe^ mild, and freo from any appearance of frost. Frost«
at tins early season, arc seldom so severe as to iniure any
greenhouse plants that aro not immediately exposed to 1«
perpendicular effect; therefore tbe front windows may be kept
ojien continually, unless there is a prospect of its being particularly
st-ycre, or accompanied with cold driving winds, in
which case it wil be necessary to have them pretty close. If
air IS too sparingly admitted at tins season, when many ofthe
plants have not yet finished thcir summer’s growth, it will
inevitably cause them to produce weak an<rteniit-r shoot«
M hich wili be extremely liable to tlamii off at a luoro advanced
season, when tbe house must bo unavoidably kept close on account
of the soycritu-s of the external air; and besides, it will
trad to give them a more genorai tender habit, and render
thern less able to resist tlio winter col.ls than they otherwise
would be. Heuce it is evident, that thev cannot receive too
much air, ivlmnevt-r the state of the external air will admit of
U, Iiy being free from all appearance of frost, as it will be so
much to their atlvantagc to be thus Iiardened before the winter
assumes its greatest st-verity.
6605. »'ato-should also be plentifiiUy administered when
they are first taken into the house, as the dry hoards on which
they now stand, as well as tlic elevated situation aud free cir.
f f
: l | >