•Id i f
bulhs nroduce creator d u s te rs .” ( I lo r t. Tmiw., vol. iii. p. 305.) Dymond states (J/oty. rrrt» s .,y o l. in.
I) 30G ) that in Dovonsbire it is planted in rows 12 in. apart, and G m. distance m t'le ¿ ow ; that the
niants’arc earthed up ns they grow, an<l that the smaller bulbs yield a greater iiityeasc than the larger.
A simiiar p ra c ti^ is'adopted bysome Scotch cultivators. (Caled. H o rt. M em ., vol. i. p. 3- 3.. and vol iv
p ‘riO ) Wedgewood does not earth up, ancl iinds his bulbs acquire a much larger size than w ^ n that
Pri-Tc-tfre is adcmtcd. “ When th e onfons have shot out their leaves to then; in 1 size, and when they
i)ORin to got a little brown a t the top, he clears away all the soil from the bu b, dcnyn to the ring, from
whence proceed the fibres of the roots, and thus forms a basin round each bulb, which catches the rain,
and serves as a receptacle for the water from the watcring-pot. I h e old bulbs then irnmediately begin
to form new ones ; and ifth ey arc kept properly moist, and the ground good, clusters will be very
large and numerous; besides, bulbs grown thus above ground are much sounder than those grown below,
•md will keep much b etter.” (H o r t. T ra n s ., vol. viii. p. 403.)
.3778. In se c ts a n d diseases. These are various. There is a grub which is a very common enemy, but
which experience has proved may be prevented by covering the surface o the ground, after it is smvn,
with a thin stratum, say half an inch in thickness, of charcoal dust, such as i/iouncl in woods where
charcoal has been burned and removed. (G a rd . M a g ., vol. i. p. 293., and v o l^ ii . p. 91.) I^eep trench-
in'-- before sowing, bybnrying the eggs, or tho young grubs, too deep to allow of their rising to the suriacc,
i ms al 0 been f o W effectual. - ( IM d ., vol. iih p. 174.) Campbell, a Scotch gardener preserves onions r i ,e m rig o t r i l , rS . , ,r i£ » to . “i in • g i,the _ 1-be, .. 1-k Vith lime-water 4«..to 4 « rtiirtK tuch a : degree .nc as 4to « llenavv««e 4t1h>e« llliTmYlPe. Ithn«e
eighth part of an iircIi on the bods. { Ib id ., voi. vii. p. 192.) Another gardener, the soil of whose garden
was very light, and who used to dig this soil twice a year, viz. in autnmn and spring, giving dimg a t both
times, found that a very slight digging, halt a spade deep, applying wcll-rottcd cow-dnng ju s t before
sowing, was an effectual preventive of the maggot. (Ib id ., vol. vu. p. 830.)
Subsect. 2. L e e h— A'llium -Pdrrum L. (Blackw. t. 421.); Bexdn, Monog. L find
Affiiodelecs B. P. Porreau, Er.; Look, or Prei, Dutch ; Gememer Lauch, ov Porro
Zwd h d , Gcr.; Porro, Ital.; Pucri'o, Span.; and Alho Porro, Port.
3779. The leek is a liardy biennial, a native of Switzerland : it is mentioned by Tusser,
but was, uo doubt, known in this country long before his time. Worlidgc, speaking of
Wales, says, “ I have seen the greater part of a garden there stored with lecks, and a
part of the remainder with onions and garlic.”
.3780 Use Tho whole plant is used in soups and stews ; but th e blanched stem is most esteemed.
Locks'formerly constituted an ingredient in the dish called porridge, which some suppose to be ¿viyotl
from the Latin p o r r um . They are very good boiled, and served up with toasted bread, and white
'• ¿ n i. The varie tie s are— The L o n d o n Flag,3.W42. T h e c om m o n . , ,
.3782. P r o m s a t io n . From seed ; and for a bed, 4 ft. wide by 8 ft. m length, 1 qz. is requisite.
3783. S o il a n d site The soil should be light and rich, lying on a dry subsoi . A rank soi docs not
lit it so that when manure is necessary, well-reduced dung, mixed with road-drift, is better than dung
alone.’’ T h e s.i.t uation s1h ould be o__p_e_n_ . TI.-eAt. 1th- e- g roAu.,.n. ,d1 Ib..o. ,d1u.. gn. 41,the « x,previous rt«,rir,nc autumn n n 4iil’n n «or >• WI4i4.winter «r rr*ready
iiil\r
for sowing in spring. F or tho principal crop, allot beds 4 ft.
■ ft. wide. A small crop may bo sown
.................. have . BLiLlll^a .1,1,11 tllOT IZl OT.OT,/,A...OT. A. OTA.W - *1,1 z*
thinly with a main crop of onions, and when the latter are drawn off, the leeks will have room for
o f sotoing. A small first crop, or th e subordinate crop in the onion-bcd, maybe sown a t
the end of February, i f the weather be mild and the ground in a dry state ; b u t it is better not to sow
the main supply till the end of March, or first week of April. It is eligible to, sow a secondary crop
at the end of April or begmning of May, for a late succession in wmter and the following spring.
3785. Course o f cultu re . When the plants are 3 in. or 4 in. high, in Mayor June, weed them clean,
and thin where too crowded. Water well in dry hot weather, to bring the plants forward. The leek
is much improved in size by transplanting; those designed for which will be fit to remove when from
Gin to 10 in high from Ju n e till August. For this purpose, thin out a quantity regularly from the
seed-bed either in showery weather, or after watering th e ground : trim the long weak tops of the
leaves and the root-fibres ; and plant them, by dibble, in rows from 9 in. to 12 in. asunder, by 6 m. or
8 in in the row • inserting them nearly down to th e leaves, or with the neck-part mostly m the ground,
to whiten it a proportionate length. Press the earth to the fibres with th e dibber, but leave the stem
as loose as possible, and as it were standing in th e centre of a hollow cylinder. Give water, if the weather
be dry Those remaining in the seed-bed, thin to Gin. or 8 in. distance. Keep th e whole clear from
weeds In hoeing, loosen the groimd about the plants, to promote their free vigorous growth. Somc
plant in hollow drills, and earth up as in celery-culture, which produces very largo_stqras. Some form
holes with a largo dibble, drop th e plant in, foilowcd by as much loose earth as will ju st cover its fibrous
roots and afterwards water once a day, till it has taken sufficient hold of th e soil. If the soil is very
rich to a considerable depth, and on a tCry bottom, the size of the stem by tins mode of culture becomes
enormous The main crops of leeks will attain a mature useful size in September, October, and
November; and continue in perfection all winter and th e following spring. When frost is expected, a
part may be taken up, and laid in sand. T h e late-sowu crop will continue till May, without running
^*^78{3^’r o save seed. Transplant some best full plants, in February or the beginning of March, into a
sunny situation, or in a row ne ar a s..o...u. th f ence . T.. hheeyy Vw. —ill -s_h_o_o__t___ in surnmer^. in s ilic e talUecd-stalks.
Supp'ort them as necessary, with stakes; and they will produce ripe seed in September. Cut tlie ripe
heads with part of the stalk to ea ch ; tie two or three together, and hang up under cover, to dry and
harden the seed thoroughly, when it may be rubbed out, cleaned, and put by for future service.
Subsect. 3. Chive.— A'llium SchcenOprasum L. (Eng. Bot. 2438.); Hex. Monog. L.
and Asphodeleic B. P. Civctte, or Cihoulette, Fv.; Binsenlauch, Gcr.; Bieslook, or
Snyprei, Dutch; Cipoletta, Ital.; and Cihollino de Inglaterra, Span.
3787. The chive, or cive, is a hardy perennial plant, a native of Britain, and found in
meadows and pastures, though but rarely. Tlic leaves rise from many small hulbons
roots connected in bunches ; arc awl-shaped, thread-like, and produced in tufts. The
flowers are white, tinged with reddish purple, and appear on round stalks in June.
3788. Use. Chives, when gathered, are cut or shorn by the surface, and on this account are generally
named in the plural. The foliage is employed as a salad ingredient in spring, being esteemed milder
than onions or scallions. Occasionally the loaves and roots arc token together, slipped to the bottom
singly in small sopzarate cibols, in lieu of young onions in th e spring for salads. They arc also used
as a seasoning to omelets, soups, &c.
GAKLIC. — SHALLOT.
SCBSECT. 4 Garlic.— A'llium mCwum L. (Mor. His. s. 4. t. 15. f. 9.) ; Hexándria Mo-
L. mu\ AsffiioMom B, P. Ail, Fr. j KnoUauch, Gcr. Knoflok, Dutch -
Agho, Ital.; and Ajo, Span. ’
3790. The garlic is a hardy perennial bulbous-rooted plant, growing natiirallv in
bieiiy and the south of France. The leaves ai-e linear, long, and n a nw TJic bulb is
composed of a dozen or fifteen subordinate bulbs, called cloves. It flowers in June and
duly, and lias been cultivated in this country since 1548.
“ .f 1 14 ^ “ '■''••1 ’ z P*^0Pasated by planting the cloves or subdivisions of th e bulb .and nrefer?
, .i7M. ra J im g tlK c rops. •' Tire m aturity of the bulles is iHscovorablo by tlie leaves chailíino yellea.1. 1,
ab rió ." " r i L r i o S r i ) ’" ree general su,,ply to attain full gretato l ?
S u b s e c t . 5. Shallot — A'llium asealónicum L. (Mor. His. b. 4. t. 14. f 3 ) • Hexán-
< r,a Monogíinm L and Asphodelea: B. P. Eckdotc, F r.; Sdudotte, Gar. -,’Chalotte
JJUtch; tücalogm, Ital.; and Escalonia, or Chalote, Span. ’
3794. Tho sludht is a Imlbous-rooted perennial, a nativo of Palestino, found, os tho
tuvial name unports, near Ascalon, Some oíd anthors denomínate it tho barren onion
írom the circumstance of its seldom sending up a flowcr-stalk. The roots separate into
cloves, hke those of garlic; and the leaves rise in tufts like those of the cliivc hut
larger. TIic flavour oi tlie bmiscd plant is milder than any of the cultivated alliaceous
tribe.
3795. Use. The cloves are used for ciiiinary purposes, in tho mamior of garlic and onions In .
state, cnt sm a ll.a IS often nsed as sauce to steaks and chops; aud s o m e t r i e r i dove r i t o s i ? n f r i
tn i trio f o i t a in g rirf a g " '" '" r e ‘ai" store, arc In síasoli
■ i r f t o 'i r i S r i 'i • Tl'.o.reallot is propagated by dividing tho clustered root into separate offsets These
aic to bo piairted in 1-cbrnary, or early m March, or in October and November Planfine in £ , K
gehcral y prclcrrcd, as producing tho best bulbs ; but, great care must be taken that n n r i i t i t l o r i r iS e h
the I o o t ¿ n Winter. Abercrombie directs “ to lay out some light rich ground in beds 4 ft wide - anH i.
rows extending along these, to plant the offsotí Gin. ap.art,'“cither in d rilir2 in dcon o ^ ns’nrto,1
lha depth by the dibber or with the finger and tluimb.” Nicol advises not to dune toi’id i iS ^ ^ ^
o r g i c l c n ^ r * ’" ' " " and insects, a
by the maggot in the
tliis, ■ ■ ■ ■
TriSré-!rhi¥rióf’riri£¥pimri<i
prevents them from ¿reiving mouidyT “ t Ik m o s U n t r i r f r i t dios'n'ot hOTt'ttem"' 'F t a ' r i s n / r i r i
r i r i i , ta jr e te .taH ) , he lifted, in August, .811, above 5000 good clean roots, measutainri 7 7 7 ™ !
about 3^ in. in circumference.
T T ^ the mzTggots in sh.illots, tried planting th e bulb on the surface instead
of b u rjin g it 2 in. or 3 m. in the s o il; .and the experiment w,as attended with such perfect dicc’ess thaf
thhoe c monofuidlde notnly e r;eircho msidmee tnnd s« ntnhoisn rtm ode o4f1 11c u41lt,.u,,r. e. He fpil«a™ce!s. .a__ r_icah_. is oi.l. ..b .e neath .t.h.e rroouottss, aaimmi rraaiis?e/?s the mould on each side to support them till they b o co .n eV rily r r i r i 'ThS m ^ l i rk Sen 'r e r o v o ¥ r i
th e hoe and water from the rose of a watering-pot, and the bulbs, in co n s e q trico . " r r i l r i r i r i S n A m
of the ground. ■ The growth of those plants,” he adds, •• now so’ closely r r i r i b t a f t t a rith S
Of t
onion, .as not to 0 he h
readily distinguished froin I t ; till the irregularity of form, resulthig froin the m r i e
hill each bulb,^ became conspicuous. T h e forms of the Inilbs, howevef, remained r i r l
mimcntly different from all I’lnad ¿ver ¡¿¿n^'of th ¿ ‘'s'ame"sp¿ffi¿s7h r i i^ I r.rm VV, nz,u d l,rm /ra b ra /d .1 -a l ^ .J d ,' S - /o .
n L '':
and th e crop was so much better m quality, .as well .as ranch more .abundant, that I c.an confident v r e ’
commend the mode of culture adopted to every gardener.” ( / lo r i . T r a m vol ii n 98
3800. J a k in g a tid p r e s e r v in g ihe c rop. When the leaves begin to decay, the bulbs are fit to he ffo-en
lip, when they should be d ric l and housed, either on tho llo /r of tlie rw t-lo ft, in m is \m n g Vom thè
roof, or in strings, .as recommondod tor onions. Should any roots be wanted diiriug the growth of th?
cro]), a few may betaken uj. young in Ju n e and July for immediate consumption!
3 1 4
■if
IV '