Shared Publication

i f W ' ' [M i'.. ike., or useful in agriculture or the arts, as the grasses, garden-plants, plants used In dyeing, tanning, fee., a re arranged iu bods or groups in compartments by themselves. This is in general the most suitable mode for a private garden. With respect to the species to be introduced in these groups, the gardener will have recourse to our Hortus Britannicus, in the natural arrangement of which, under Gramineæ, he will find all the grasses ; under iVlices, all the ferns ; under Lycopodineoe, th e plant-mosses ; under jEquisetàceæ, th e equisetums, &c. He will also find, under the natural arrangement, an estimate of the space that tho plants of each natural order will occupy iu a collection ; and in th e Explanatory Introduction to that p art of the Hortus Britanniciis, p. 491., general directions for disposing of plants, both ligneous and herbaceous, according to the natural system, in gardens, and in pleasure-grounds. 5511. Dial plants. Among curious collections, it may sometimes be desirable to assemble the dial-plants, or such as indicate the hours of the day. An ample list of these has been given by Linnseus, in the Philosophia Botanica ; but the following, being plants generaUy known and easily procured, may be deemed suificient to complete a botanist’s dial in Britain i — Opens in ihe Shuts from morning, noon to night Hou. Min. IIou. Min Tragopògon pratènsi* Ledntodon serótinus Helmínthia cchiüldes Borkhaùsia alpina Cichòrium i'ntybus Fapàver nudícaúle Hemerocállis fúlva Sónchus laj'vis Agathjrsus alplnus Convólvulus arvénsis Lapsàna commùnis - Leoutodon Taráxacum Achyróphorus maculàtus Nymphai'a àlba Lactùca sativa a’agèfes erécta Anagàllis arvéiisLs «ierkcium Pilosélla Diànthus prólifer Caléndula arvénsis Arenària purpùrea Povtulàca olerácea JUálva caroliniàna 9 10 12 1 Stellària mèdia 9 10 9 10 5512. In botanical collections, some peculiarities of culture may be required for parasites, ferns, mosses, fungi, and marine vegetables. The only hardy herbaceous parasite is the cuscuta, or dodder, a twining plant found in hedges, and on hops, furze, thistles, and many weeds; it has, with threadlike reddish items, a few small membranaceous scales, and balls of white I t and iginal r purplish flowers, which appear in July and August, propagates itself bv seetl, which germinates in the soil, At first draws its nourishment from thence; but the . . young Stem has twined c u ltiva ting th e cuscuta, i t is easy ‘ ‘ t th e root of a thistle ''bbis^'lnrafsingfenu and mosses from seed, these, being very trnali, should be sown on the surface of peat-earth, ground to the finest powder: the seed need not be covered, but tlie pots ihould be jilacetl in the shade, or in a v ault; and a roojst close atmosphere produced by covering with a bell-glass, rendered »emi-opaque by a wash of mud. Wlien they come up, they may be transjifanted into pots of the smallest size, and placed in situations formed in imitation of their natural sites. The more hardy ferns and mosses, and .also some of the fungi, will come up very well, if the entire plants, covered with ripe seed, are strewed over a bed or border of peat-soil, completely shaded from tlie sun. The parent vegetables in rotting will afford shelter and congenial nourishment to their infant oif- (See Gard. jUng., vol. iv. p. 1.) -...Js qfthe Füngi, Hepdika, A'lgte, and Lichèties, may oe sown in pots of fine earth, like the mosses; but many require to be sown on pieces ot decaying bark or wood, or on stones or pieces of lime, or on walls, &c. Portions of these, or wliatever substances are requisite, should be procured and neatly fitted to pots of six or eight inches diameter ; the seed should be sown immediately when gathered, one sort in a pot, and the pots set in a vault ; some kept damp and close by means of other pots whelmed over them ; and others ailowed •e air, according to their natures. I f it is wished to mul- y specimens, it mav be done after they come up, by dividing tiply itmav tiie m masses ^ e s on which they they grow. 5516-. The culture qf hardy marine productions, or submersed A'lga, may be attempted by forming a cistern or basin o . ---- water with shelves or terraces within, in the manner of the common aquarium, l/g . 920.) • Their pots or receptacles, in the form of rough cones or square blocks, may be formed from basalt or compact limestone, and a specimen of the sea-weed, in which the seeds are supposed to be ripe, attaciied to each receptacle; or some of the receptacles may be placed in tlie -----------the fuci, which it is desired to introduce to the marine aquarium; and when the young fuci appear, tlie stones may be removed .....................to the cistern,m, and a: placed on a higher or lower terithofwater race, according to the dept _____.supposed . . . . . . . to .. be requisite. ... I t has not been proved, that the motion and alternate immersion and exposure to air produced by the tide* is essential to the growtii of marine vegetables ; but if it is, these circumstances can be imitated by pumping the marine aquarium dry once a day into a cistern above its level, and then allowing tl.e water to return gradually : or the tame thing might be eflected without the labour of pumping, by two moderate-sized cisterns fixed like scales on the ends of a moving beam for weights, &c. The A'lgae of fresh water are of easy cultivation. 5516. Alpines. A very general assemblage of plants is formed by gardeners under the title of alpines. These ouglit properly to consist only of such plants as grow on high mountains ; but the gardener adds to tliem all very dwarf smali plants that are difficult to preserve in a state of cultivation. Some of these, instead of being alpine, are arenarious, sea-side, or liog piants. Alpine plants are universally very low, bushy, and ......... 'n thei " ---- evergreen. ___l eir n ati ve s i.t.e..s..,,. ..t...h..„.e..oy.. t.._a.._r.e._.. _.c._.o._.v._.e._.r._e.^d_ _ boyt .s-....... groat part of the year, and consequently never experience either violent cold, violent heat, or intense light. The .it- mosphere which surrounds them is of light or thin air, almost always highly charged with vapour, and tlie soil in which they grow is generally soft, black, and peat-like, forming a thin stratum on rock, or filling up the chinks of rocks or stones, and always moist. Art imitates these circumstances, by putting such plants in small pots of peat or bog-earth, well drained by gravel, or scarcely drained at all, or mixed witli stones, or with sand, according» to the habitation to be imitated. The pots are kept, during wmter, under glass in frames, in a situation ex- posed only to the moming su n ; and in summer they aro removed to a full northern exposure, or screens are placed so as to produce this effect in their winter situation. Care is taken to water once or twice a day during summer, and to keep the ground around the pots constantly moist; and in winter to Srotect by mats, in aadition to the glass, when the cold is kely to be greater than 25“ or 30“. Perliaps an improvement in tlie management of alpine plants would lie to set the pots, in the summer season, on a grating or frame of cast iron, placed a few inches' distance above a cistern or pond of water, i-.y which means a constant evaporation would take place, and a moist cool atmosphere be moduced. In winter tliey might remain in the same situation, protected liy frames; or they might be removed to their usual site; or the pots niight be arranged in beds, and a pipe, finely pierced with lioles, in Loddiges’s manner, might pass along the centre of each bed, at such a distance above it as that the shower would just cover tlie bed. A shower might thus he applied at pleasure, and the plants kept moist by prolonged and gentle rains, instead of being deluged by sudden and heavy rains from the watering- pot. Whatever plan be adopted, it is essential that the site be open to the moniing sun only during winter, and to only one or two hours’ sun during summer, and that it shottld not be shaded by trees. Professor Thouin arranged a bank for alpine plants in the Paris garden, and has given an account of it, accompanied by some very judicious reasoning, in the Annaks de JUii.Sii’e (see a translation in Hort. Trans., voj. i. App.); but experience shows, that plants of this description never thrive long on beds ot banks of any kind; those planted by Professor Tliouin never did tnuch good, and in the eourse of two years, as we were informed on the spot,many of them had died off, and the rest had become too luxuriant for the situation. Potting is by far ■ aj each individual nlr**'* »>.«-. v» ________weil a; ,_r at pleasure. In the Gard. A some views of Dr. Link’s on . .. , and in p. 595. the practice of Dr. Wild,atCassel; see also that of Mr. Kivers in x. 133. From the rarity of many of this class of plants, the difficulty of kee)iing them, their vivid green, neat shapes, small size, and many of them flowering early in giring, they are much prized, and collections made in most flower-gardens of note; we shall, therefore, give a list ofthe leadingspecies of alpines, most of wbi^* willfie found table (5467.), as plan: , cárnea; Ane- apennina, baldénsis ; ' • ■ lilègia alpina ; petrc helvética 3, Vitaliàtia 3 ; A'rnica n tàna 3, scorpióldes 3 ; Astrágalus campéstris, Bellidiàstrum Michèlii 3, Ca- càlia alpina ; Campànula alpina 3, carpàtica 3 ; Cerástium alplnum, Cheirànthus alplnus 3, Cherlèrta «edóldcs ; Chrysosplenium alternifolium, opposi- ifolium ; Convolvulus Soldanèlla s, Cortiisa Matthioli s ; Cotylèdon lùtea, «mbiiìcus ¡Cypripèdium aeaúle3,álbum 3, Calcèolus 3, canadénse .3, macrànthum, ventrieòsum ; Crithmum marítimum : Diánthus alplnus, glaUcus ; Dràba oVziildes, ciliàris, stellhta ; Drjas octopétalaS, Dnimmónrti, integrifòlia; Brlgeron alplnus, uniflòrus ; Brinus hispánicus s, Brjsimum helvéticum 3 ; Frankènia hirsùta, lai'vis; Gentiàna is plants for the front row of the border :_ adscéndens 3 s, ciliàta t 3, Pneumo- nànthe 3, punctàta 3, purpùrea 3, Saponària 3, septémfìda 3, vérna 3 - GlaUx marítima, Gnaphàlium supi- num 3, Heliànthemum Tuberària 3 s, Hypóxis erécta s 3, Jsopjnim thalic- tróldes * ; Linària pilòsa, alpina ; Lfohnis alpina, Flós-cùculi ; Mcehrin- gia muscósa; Mitélla diphylla, nùda s : Famàssia palùstris, Féganum Hdrmala s, Pénthonim «edòides ; Pblóx pilòsa 3, setàcea 3 s, subulàta 3 s ; Primula calycìna, cortusbidei 3, farinósa 3, helvética 3, integrifòlia 3, longifòlia 3, marginàta, nivàlis, prie'- ni.t..e..n..s.,.. .s..c.ó...t.i.c..a.. .;. ..R...a..n.ù n cuIl-u--s- -a.lIppeéstris, Aizòon, androsàcea, autumnàlis, .. sia, coespitôsa, cérnua, dissimiiis, Cotylèdon, oppositifòlia, retùsa, biflòra, cuneifòlia, geranioldes, Gèum, granulàta, g. flò. pièno, moschàta, nivàlis, palmàta, rivnlài'is, stellàris, viscósa ; Sèdum Aïzôon, álbum, dasyphjllum, ternàtum, Forsterfànum, glaùcum, hj- bridum, quadrffidum, sexangulàre, villòsum, virens; Sempervlvum arach- nófdeum .3, cuspidàtum 3Í, globfferum 3, hfrtum 3, »«lifórme 3, tectòrum 3 ; Sibbáldía ' ’ europoe'a : dentata .3, mudiànum] 3 s, Thiáspi alpèstre, Tiarélia cordifòlia 3, Valeriàna dioica ; Verònica alpina, apM'lla, taùrica 3 ; Viola cenisia 3, pedàta 3 s, biflòra, Pallàsif. Utitóì. Bulbocòdium vérnum 3 « ; CJ- clamen còum 3, europiBàim 3, e. fl. albo; Gyinnadènia conópsea, O'plirys apffera, muscifera; O'rchis maculàta, militàris, pvramidàlis ; Scilla amoe'na .3, autumnàlis 3, bifòlia 3, b. flò. àlbo, fl. rùbro 3, camnanulàta 3, itàlica 3, ¿ilio-Ayacínthuí, L fl. pièno, lusitànica 3 s, proe’cox 3, sibirica 5, vérna ; Trichonèma Bulbocòdium 3 s, pur. pui'iiscens, Oolrtmn®, cnlestinum, ra- mittòrum ; Trfllium eréctum 3. rus, patavinus; Æthionèma saxátile; Campánula sibirica, virgáta; Delphinium Aconiti, Dl.àiitUus Armèria, ag- grcgàtus ; Digitàlis orientàlis, lanàta, ferruginea, criostàchya ; /.epidium hirtum, Lìiuiin strictum, Mònàrda punctàta, Fhyteùma comòsuin. Ranunculus apiifòlius: Asterocéphalus iscténsie ; ScorzoKiVa fcsedæiùlia, Teùcrittnt camjianulàtum, Tlilàspi montànum, Tragopògon crocifòlius, T nchostoma bracbiàta. Jlavdy anmials. Arctòtis flàccida, virgàta; Réllisànnua, Biscutélla corono, pifòlia; Campànula/l'rìnus, hÿbrida; Clàrkia pulchélla ; Claytònto perfolià- ta33, Kròdium gruinum s, Gypsóphila muràlis, ndiàiithcmum guttàtums; Lyclmis córsica, Itc'ta ; Malcòmta maritima, m. flòre àlbo; CBuotlièra rdsco-àlba,tcniiiflòra, viminea, tendía, Lindloytwa, quiiiquevóluera, Roman- zòvtt, dentàta; Silène Atòeion, rubella, reticulàta, pietà, muscipula, vespertina, coloràta, cònica; Trigo, néllaplatyeárpoa, Fìolatricolor, Viola tri. mac. major, Viola tri. mac. minor ; Sèdum stellàtum, Cepte'a, ánnuum, cteruleum, Myosùrus minimus, Gyp- Bóphila muràlis. 0 ^ 7 . A collectnm o f flowers fo r a small garden.. Having given a selection of the m ost ra re nlanf i nrui such as in a state oi cultivation are the most difficult to pre serve; we shall conclude with a list of flowers th e most common hardy, and shouvy, which flower great part of the year, will thrive in almost anv soil’ S n a i t S e ^ ’ recommended as fit lor the commonest description of flower-borders, shrubberies. Flowering from February to May. Red. Anemòne horténsis, Aubrlètia del- tiiidea, Réllis perénnis, Corydàlis bulbósa, Brìiius alpinus, Erythrònium Déns cànis ; Fritillària imperiàlis, mc- lèagris; «epàtica triloba, Hyacinthui orientàlis. Orobus vérnus; / ’hlóx subulàta, setàcea ; Primula vulgàris, villósa, grandiflòra, farinósa ; Cardáminc pratènsis. BUie. Anemòne Pulsatilla, apennìna; Crocus vérnus, Hepática triloba, /'ria Red. Antirrhinum màjus, Anemòne horténsis, Astràntia Aclloborifòlia ; Aquilè^a 'ulgàris, canadénsis; Réilis Èiànthus bui uatus, sujierous, Dictàmnus Fraxinélla, Diélyt Dodecàtheon Meàdta, Epilòbium an- gustissimum; Gerànium angulàtum, macrorhlzum, sanguineum, lancastriénse; Gladiolus commùnis, Hcliànthp- mum ròscum, /'r is versicolor, Látliy- rus latifòlius, Lilium chalcodónicum ; Lychnis Viscària, Flós-cùculi, ehalce- dónica; Lÿthrum Salicària, virgàtum ; Matthìola annua, glabràta, incàna; Monàrda didyma, O'robus vàrius, O’r- chia máscula ; Fæônia offlcinàlis, tc- nuifòlia ; Fapàver bractoàtum ; FÌilóx pumila; Muscàri i-otryòìdos, comò- Bum ; Omphalòdes verna, Primula marginata ; Pulmonària dahùrica, virginica; .Jcilia pri'cnx, bifòlia, verna. Yellow. Adonis vernàlis; Alyssum muràle, saxátile; Cròcus sulpnùreus, su- siànus ; Erythrònium lanceolàtum, Fritillària imperiàlis, Erànthis hyc- roàlis ; Narcíssus liicomparábilis, minor, Bulbocòdium, triandrus, Jon- Flowering from May to August cárnea, and many species ; Lupinus, several. Blue. Anemòne pratènsis, A'steralpiniis, Aconìtum Napéllus,Baptisia austràlis ; Campánula persicsefòlla, pùmila, car- pática; Catanánche Cierùlea; Centau- rèaCyanus,montàna,and var.; Delphinium grandiflòrum, elàtum, azùreum ; Fùnkia ovàta; Gentiàna Saponària gtn'Ra,Pseùdo-Narcissus, bicolor, Taz- ¿ í£ a ; Primula vulgàris, vèris. Whtte. Anemònenemoròsa, Hei>àticatriloba fl. albo, A'rabis alpina, Réllispor énnis alb. Cardàmine asarifòlia, Cròcus biflònis; Erythròniumlongifòlìum àlbo, Galànthus nivàlis, «eiléborus niger, Leucòjum vérnum, Mitélla di- Shylla ; Primulanivàlis, vulgàris àlb.; Ianùnculus amplexicaùlis, Sangui- nària canadénsis, Tiarélia cordifòlia. glabérrima, stolonifera, ovàta, amce'na, intermèdia, pilòsa, maculata, WhoeU eriàna, and most kinds; ¿ i l la nùtans, Thalictrum aquilcgiæfôlium; Tùlipa Gesnortàna, suavèoiens, suav. flòre pièno ; Vaimdjia pyrenàica, Verònica polyphyllus, Folemònium c Fliytcùma orbiculàre, Rálvi: fòlia; Bcilla campanulata, nùtans; Verónica Chamoe'drys. prostràta, incàna, spicàta, gontianiAdes, and many others; Vincamàior, minor, herbácea. Yelloìu. Afllium Mòiy, Càlthapalùstris, Chciràuthus Chcìri; Coreópsis tonui- fòlia, aùrea, verticillàta; Heliànthe- muin vulgàrc ; «cmorocàllis flàva, fùlva; Lilium canadénse, bulblferma. tigrinum; Linària vulgàris, b. Pelòria ; Meconòpsis càmbrica ; OEnothèra pùmila, fruticósa, glaùca; Tùlipa sylvéstris, Gesnertdna; TróUius euro- ptc'us, asiâticus; Viola grandiflòra, lutea, Waldsteinta peóldes. White. Actoe'a racemósa, Anemòne dl- chótoma. Antirrhinum màjus, Léllis perénnis àlb. ; Campànula pcrsicoe- fòlia, pùmila ; Czáckía Lillástrum, Dictámnuaálbus,//úsperi8 matronàlis, /'r is æiphioides, Lílium càndidum; Matthiola incàna, ánnua; Narcissus poéticus, Ornitliógaium pyramidàle, Fhlóx suavèoiens, Faneràtium ma- ritimum, Fhalàngium Liliàgo, Fo- lygonura viviparum, Folygónatum vulgàre. Ranunculus aconitifùlius, Saxífraga granulàta; Rcilla campa- nulàta, nùtans; Btipa pennata; Bpi- ræ'a Arùncus, Filipéndula, Ulmària; Giltënia trifoliàta, Thalictrum corniu tum, TùlipaQcsnoTiàna; Verònica spicàta, maritima; Vinca minor. ClIAP. IX. Catalogue o f Iia rd y Trees, with showy Flowers. 5518. All trees may he considered as ornamental by adding to the beauty of landscape; but we mean here to confine om-selves to such as are ornamental, by the conspicuousness of their flowers. These are not numerous; they are all of the deciduous kiud, and their time of inflorescence is limited to two or three months. The principal arc the horsechestnut, acacia, the fmit trees in their wild state, some species of M qs- pilus, 5'órbus, C>’tisus, Robinia, &c.: these, with some others, we have arranged according to their height and time of flowering, in order to admit of a selection for the back rows of the shrubbery. None of the few evergreen trees which we possess have showy flowers, but we have added the names of these, with thcir heights, to facilitate a selection for mixing with the deciduous sorts in the mingled or grouped shrabbeiy. We have omitted all those shoivy-flowenng and evergreen trees which do not usually attain the height of 20 ft., deeming it more suitable for our pm-pose to include them among the shrubs of that size. All the useful and curious species of trees will be found iu our H o rt B r it , with tbeir heights, time of flowering, soil, mode of propagation, and other circumstances. In the Arboricultural Catalogue the most useful timber trees aro described ; and the shapes of trees, and thcir colours, and characteristic expression, are treated of both under Arboricultural and Landscape Gardening. Much less attention has of late been paid to the introduction of new sorts of trees into this country, than to the introduction of fruits and flowers. The Frcncli and Germans seem to excel us in this respect. A considerable number of new sorts of ornamental trees were China, and other countries.