fol 1'
h.ñ
lilL
J, ! ): j
!i ) I ' f
Apples.
sfeGoldcn P ip p in , S.. S .E ., o r S .\
Screvetoa.
i^ nib stoii P ip p in , E , o r W .
« N o n p a re il, S., S .E ., o r S .W .
O slin, li. o r W .
C o n rt o f W ic k , D itto .
R einc ttc du Canada, D itto , S .E .,
N e w to w n P iiip in , S .E ., o r S .W
« C o rn is h G illj-flo w c r, D itto .
« C o urU p e nd u P la t, D itto , o r E.
«G old en H a rve y, D itto .
« S ca rlet N o n n a re ii, E . o r W .
*S y k o House Kusset, D itto .
« B le n h e im P ip iiiu , E.
B ed ford shire Fo u n d lin g , D itto .
Fears.
« Jarg on elle , S .E ., o r N .W .
« M a rie Louise, E ., W.
Gansel’s B erg am ot, D itto .
Duchesse d’ A ng o ulôm o, D itto .
« B e u rré D ie l, D itto .
« G lo u t M orceau, S., E ., o r W .
N é lis d’ lliv e r , D itto .
C o lm a r, D itto .
« E a ste r B e u rré , D itto .
B e u rré de U anz, D itto .
«Passe C o lm ar, S.
rmiiy iJiiKe, o., r.., »> .
.iU oya! D u ke, D itto .
« K n ig h t’ s lia r ly B la ck, D itto .
« E lto n , D itto .
«Floren ce , E . o r W .
« E a rly P u rp le G uignc, S,, E ., W .
B la ck T a rta ria n , D itto
l.a te D u k e , E ., W ., N.
«M o rcIIo , D itto .
Plums.
« Jefferson, L
« R o y a le lià tiv e . D itto .
B lu e Im p é ra tric e , E . o r W
K irk e ’ s D itto .
D ra p d’o r, S., E ., W .
A pricots.
« L a rg o E a rly , S., E ., W .
«M o o rp a rk , D itto .
« R o y iil, D itto .
P a r t HI.
Peaches.
E a rly A n iip , S.
«Grosse M ig n o lin o , D itto .
R o y a l Geormq D itto .
«Nohlesse, D itto .
■«Malta, D itto .
« Bollog ard c, D itto .
« B a rrin g to n , D itto .
« L a te A d m ira h lc , D itto .
Nectarines.
« FJrug e , S.
« V io le t n a tiv e , D itto .
W h ite , D itto .
P itn ia s fo n O rango, D itto .
« S ta n w ic k , D itto .
Fil/s.
« B lu e Isch ia , S .E ., S., o r S .W .
« W h ite , o r B ro w n Isch ia , D itto .
Pregussata, D itto .
W h ite Genoa, D itto .
« B ro w n T u rk e y , D itto .
B ru n s w ic k, D itto .
O i/i« r Sorts.
T h e M u lb e rry is som eliincs introd uce d ai
a w a ll tree, p lanted on a w estern exposure,
and tra in e d iio riz o n ta lly .
2862. The sorts o f plants made use o f for planting against walls arc dwarfs and ridevs
(standai’ds planted against a wall), and these may bo of the age of one year from the
graft, or they may be several ycai’s trained. Dwai’fs are understood to be the pennancnt
trees, and riders merely temporaiy plants introduced to lill up the upper part of the
wall. With both sorts it is the practice to make choice of trees that have been two or
more years trained ; or if they have been moved in the nursery every second year, they
may be of five or six years’ training, in which case they come into immediate bearing.
Some gai-deners, however, prefer young plants.
2863. With respect to the age o f the plants, Nicol observes, “ maiden, or one year
trained trees, ai-c to be preferred, especially of apples and pears. Even of the stouo
fmits, such will succeed b e s t; though two or three years’ trained arc often planted. I
here allude to the dwarfs. Eiders of greater age than dwarfs may be planted, in any
case, with proprie ty; they being considered temporary, and it being desirable to obtain
fmit of them as soon as possible.” A safe mode is, to plant partly maiden, and partly
trained p la n ts ; by which means, those which come early into fruit, sliould they prt-ii-c
bad sorts, may be replaced by others, or re-grafted with good so rts : meaiiwliile,
those sorts which are approved of will afford an early return for the labour and expense
incurred.
2864. The distance at which wall ti'ees should be planted from each other depends jointly
011 the sort of tree, and the height of tho wall. For a wall 9 ft. or 10 ft. liigh IMarsIiall
plants apricots, peaches, and nectai-ines, 20 ft. apart. Nicol, for a wall of 12 ft. in Iiciglit,
mdicatcs the following distances :— Apples, 18 ft. or 20 f t .; apricots, 20 ft. to 24 f t .; figs,
15 ft. or 18 f t .; cherries, 12 ft. or 15 f t .; nectarines and peaches, 12 ft. or 15 f t .; pears,
24 ft. to 30 ft.; and plums, 18 ft. or 20 ft. For low walls, of 5 ft. or 6 ft.: — apples,
30 f t .; chcn-ies, pears, 30 ft. to 35 f t, and plums, 20 ft. to 24 ft. The distances at whicii
wall trees ought to be planted, according to Abercrombie, depend on the general gi-owth
of the species, connected with tliese other things:—whether tho individual plant bas been
dwarfed by the mode of propagation, or is a free grower; whether the species will bear
to be kept in bounds by the k n ife; and, lastly, on the height of the w a ll: thus, a higher
wall is a compensation for a reduced distance, and a lower will make it necessaiy to
increase the intervals. Supposing the wall to be 12 ft. high, the following are good
average distances for idantiiig the kinds named :— Vines, from 10 ft. to 15ft. asunder,
or ill vacant spaces between other walls where the distance is less, because the vine bears
pmning well, and can ahvays be reduced to the prescribed limits. Peach trees and
nectarines, from 15 ft. to 20 ft. Fig trees, 18 ft. to 20 ft., or more, as the beai-evs are not
to be shortened. Apricot trees, 15ft. for the dwarf early sorts, 18 ft. to 24 ft. for the
fi-ee-growers, as the plant docs not bear the knife wcU. Cherry trees, from 15 ft. to 20 ft.,
the strong-growing lai-ge-leaved sorts requiring the wider distance. Pear trees, 20 ft., if
on dwarf stocks ; 24 ft. to 30 ft., if on free stocks. Plum trees, from 15 ft. to 24 ft. Apple
trees, if on dwarf stocks, 15 f t .; if on free stocks, 25 ft. or 30 ft. Mulberry trees, 15 ft.
or 20 ft. Along the line of the walls only 9 ft. high, increase the intervals to one fifth
as much again ; and of walls 6 ft. high, to one fourth.
28G5. The distance o f the stem of the tree from the wall at die ground's surface should,
according to most authors, be 9 in .; peaches, nectarines, and vines, may be somewhat
less.
2866. The intermediate spaces between dwarf wall trees arc commonly filled up with
riders, or some other temporary fniit-bcaring plant. While tlie principal wall trees avo
making progress, Abercrombie observes, “ riders may be introduced between th em ;
these should be confined to sorts which arc the quickest in coining into bearing, for else,
as soon as they become productive, it will be time to vemovc them. Against low walis.
B o o k III, ES PAL IER S AND DW A R F STANDARDS. 749
«iromts, gooseberries and raspben-ies may be placed instead of riders Plant a wall
tioe 9 m. fiom tlic waU, to give the root some room behind ; detach or shorten the roots
( i I . Gatd., p. 189.) On walls 10 ft. in height or upwards, Nicol plants riders between
? iT o f w L X ? » It is not W Ol th the while, as“ g■o" oAsebem es, cuirant™s, or raspberries a1n bsuwte 1r be10t»ter nml
produce fmit more immediately.” In established gardens, lio“ e 4 r L r / o i . ld s »
~ ? tl4 ‘' t e i r n ‘o All “ P “ny vaea’n jy t l L l y o T e ¿
f o i l nnsightly blanks appear; such betray groat I n t of
2867. m th respect to Ihe mode o f platiting, the roots of each plant should be trimmed
previou,s to bemg planted, by pruning off the points of those b l s e d “
and modeiatcly tlimmng them out, if thought too thick, or too much crowded This i!
seldom necessary for maiden trees, but it is often so with respect to plants that have
stood several ycai-s 111 the nursery, or that have been trained aiain st w S l l i na es l l
lavn made strong roots The roots should be in some ineasiue r l l r l l o l l l £
to the to p s; and as the shoots and branches are to be headed down or to b e well
shortened and thinned out, it follows tliat tiie roots should also be mudcratelv thinned
anc in-uncd. In domg this, however, be careful to retain those m r t p i S
best iurnislied with fibres The surface level being detei-mined on, prepare th e lfit so
that the plant may be placed just as deep in the ground as it was before and not
deeper ; spreading out tlic roots and fibres, and carefiilly bedding them hi tho S L ?
prepared for that purpose. F ill in tlie common earth, gently tread T r o L d the ? ?
■*, 'r é '“ ® ®'®ré foundation, and secure the plant from the bad
efiects of high winds by tacking it to the wall. Proceed thus, tree by tree tiU all be
down. (Nicol.) Most writers agree in recommending November as the bert time tn
/ ¿ ¿ » L l M f t e e » and the tree should be hraded hack
S e c t . I I . O f the Selection and Arrangement o f Esiialiers and Dwarf Standards.
f i'l
^ 2868. Espaliers^ or dwarf standards are planted in the borders of the nrineiml walks
m ail complete kitchen-gardens. Besides the value of tlieir frait tlicL form á sort to
connterpait to the trees on the walls, and add imicli to the general efeet o? toe g a íle é
S é f o ? X / Í ? ‘¿ e / b l e s T t h ° e k ? b 7 M l e ? ‘M £ » ^ ^
<ue both ormimeiital and useful m tlie garden, affording a deal of Ihiit yet tuSiiff ud
depriving the plants of air, they are at other times very iistoid, a e ? as a h c Z é h i ? . /
tecting the yoimg crops irom the violence of the strong winds. Espalier trees goiicinllv
pioducc excellent fruit, the siin and air having access to both sides of the tree- tliev
commonly afford abundant crop.s, and the fruit is not apt to be shaken by liiob 4 inds
t l ? vaJk t o ? 1“ ®"“ ” “®7 vegetables from the eye, and to rende!
the walk of t o kitclien-gavdon as pleasant as an avenue hi the shrubbery ” Our oninioii
IS , that If well managed there can be no doubt that espaliers would be as iirodu! h l fo
frmt as hey are agreeable in point of effect. E.spaliei trees, h l4 ? ? ? ? ? r é b r c o ?
s te re tU ii regard to the kind of espalier rail, s i t of fruit,’sort of p i / » « “ ? £
2869. The proper situation for an espalier rail, according to Nicol is in the bm-de,-
by the prnieipal walks, and 3 ft. or 4 ft. distant from the I v a l k . ™ X ® ¡
voiTddi both conf1i ne “an' °df overshadow thSe "k“it™ch en crops™ to®éy much. i 1T>“h‘ e latilliia t gcTa siTe htto ??
be pfein aud neat, from 4 ft. to 8 ft. high, according“ to the size of t e g ? S - a ? tl £
■ P l i g h t spars to which the tree.s are trained, 9 in. apart. The posts shoifol b é set o t
blocks of stone, and should be ran m with pitch, or, which is a better way set in blocks
'ré
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