l.í:
J’m'oipii, anil which is still common in colh-ctions. I n 1851,
till' siHittfil-llowored ealcpolaria, C. crenal(/lbra Cav. (O.
p éndula I). Don), was iiitroaucocl, anil fi-ont th is several
snlemli.l hybrids were raised. Some cu ltiva to r was tlien in -
iluced to try to liybridise ono of the shrubby kinds, C. bicolor,
th e flowers of whieli were i>ale-Tellow an d white, with th e
herbaceous kinds having dark-yellow an d pu rp le floti ers, and
some b e autiful plants were tlic result. From th a t tim e to
th e present, innumerable liybrids have been raised every year,
vary in g tlirough every possilile shade o f crimson, brown,
orange, purple, p in k , an d yellow, sometimes spotted, an d sometimes
delicately me ltin g mto white. One ov two have been
raised which were pure white, an d others white witli clearly
marked au<l distinct spots. T h ey are a ll half-liardy, only
req u irin g protection from fro s t; an d tiicy should be grown In
a compose of equal jiarts of tu rfy loam an d poat, wltii a little
sand. Thoy all req u ire a good deal of water, as cTon th e little
h a rd y shrubby kitul, C. rttghsa, w ith small, <lark-yollowflowcrs,
will flag, if watiT should be neglected oven for a single day.
susceptible in th is respect,
ll iu s: o fwa te r. the
Tlie herbaceous kinds are still m.
anil, wlion grown in pots, should
water being elmngod every day, an d r
been warm<>d liy stan d in g for a
Calceoli
till it
littlo tim
ipcrature as th e plants, Caleeolarias aro pvojiagateti uy
OTw.tmga, which strik e reatlily in the same soil as tiiat in which
tlio p lants a rc grown ; an d which do not even req u ire the aid
of a hcll-glass, th o u g h thoy will certainly strike sooner n n d e r
one th an without. Tlte seeds ripen iu g roat abundance, an d
th ey siiotild be sown as soon as they a re ripe. T h e young
plants should he jirickod o u t as soon as th ey come ut>, an d tlieu
’ - - la rg e r an d la rg e r pots, ihcroasing gradually
• • ’ little larger th an th e preceding
Taiisplantod ini
.............OT J OTOTj,.......................ve r-b u d s; and when thus treated,
th ey will flower th e following summer. When the seeds arc
n o t sown till spring, they will n o t flower till th e second
summer. T h ere is only one an n u al calceolaria, C. p in n iu a ,
an d it is n o t worth growing.” (Ladies' Companion to the
Flower-Garden, 6 th edit. p. 46.)
Subsect, 15. P e tu n ia .-—Petùnia Z. ; P e n tá n d ria M onog . L., and Solanàceee J. :
P etunie, Fr.
5389. The pe tu n ia s " only a few years ago were comparatlTcly
unknown, an d now there is n o t a garden, or oven a window,
th a t can boast of flowers a t all, without one. P. nyctaginiflbra,
tho common white iietunia, was flrst b ro u g h t from Brazil in
18 2 3 ; an d as i t was tliougiit very ne arly to resemble the
common tobacco, i t was called pe tn n ia, from Petun, which is
th e Brazilian name for th a t ]>laiit. Tliis p la n t was cultivated
b u t sparingly, an d only in greenhouses, as a perennial, till
1850, when P. yioUXcea, or P. idiirnicea, as i t is sometimes
callod, was Introduced from Buenos Ayres b y Mr. Tw ecd ie ;
a n d from th is species, h y b rli iscd with P. nyctaginiflbra an d
P. bi'rohr, most o f th e in n ume rab le liybrids now in our
gardens liavc been produced. All these k in d s are found nearly
h a rd y , and they m ay e ith er be trea ted as ha lf-h a rd y annuals,
being raised ou a sliglit hotlted an d p lan ted o u t in May, or
th ey m ay he sown in tlie open g round as soon as tlie seed is
ripe, or in March o r April, or suffered to sow tliemselvcs; care
b<-iiig tak en in al! cases fn tiie open a ir to choose a sheltered
situation, an d to lay a few dead leaves over th e bed i f the
weatlier should be severe. When treated as greenhouse plants,
tliose iiotimias all becomo shrubby, b u t they will n o t live more
th a n two or tliree years, an d th ey should be c u t down as soon
as tliey have done flowering, wlien tlioy are wanted to grow
to a large size, au d to cover a trellis, &c., likocUnihing plants,
th ey sliould be planted in th e free ground, in tlie conservatory,
o r in the open air, in a lig lit rich so il; o r i f th ey a rc k ep t in
pots, allowed plenty of room for th c ir ro o ts ; as, unless th is is
done, tliey will become drawn u p w ith long weak stems, bare
o f both leaves a n d flowers to a considerable h e ig h t wh en
th ey are wanted to form strong busliy p lants for sotting in
■ • • inder a ve randah, the end m - '
window or keeping in boxes
attain ed by p lan tin g them Ü:....................... .
er^ small pots an d sh:
■ • others, grad u a lly becoming larger
?i1?ii _
and larger,
always p inching off tho flowers, an d tips of tlie . . . . A--------- .A. rt— .......1 ..s.-hhoeno ttsh, -t-i-l-l- t-h--e
1 an d size, when tliey may
splendid objects,-jjcci
w h en
- ----------- reg u la r flow
- garden,
p lants have a ttained the desired form
be allowed to flower, an d will ft
pe tu n ias a re wanted to cover a bi
thoy a re n o t c u t in a t all ; b u t th c ir long ramb lin g shoots being
pegged down all over th e bed, a n um b e r of sidc-shoots will be
sent up, w hich will soon become covered w ith a mass of flowers.
Tiie h y b rid , P. splcndens, treated in th is man n er in Lady
Grenville’s flower-garden, a t Dropmore, ia.w-hen tlio sun siiinos
u pon it, almost too b rillia n t to he looked at. P. intermèdia,
sometimes called Snlpiglóssis lincàris, is a dwarf sh rub, a
native of Panama, introduced in 1852, which req u ire s to be
k ep t in a greenhouse in England. A g re a t confusion lias
arisen ab o u t th e name o f th e purple-flowered petunia, as,
when i t was first raised a t Glasgow, from tlie seeds sent liome
by Mr. Twecdie, i t was supposed, b y Sir W. ,T. Hooker, to be a
salpiglossis ; a n d it was flgurcd a n d describcil by h im u nder
tlic name o f Salpiglóssis mtegriJUia in tho Bo tanical Magazine,
t. 5113. I t was afterwards figured an d described by the
la te Professor Don, in Sweet's British Flower-Garden, second
scries, t. 172, un d o rtlio name o f Niertmbérgxa phcenicea; and
lastly, b y Dr. ¿in d imi in th e Bo tanical Jiegister, t. 1020, as
Pe tù n ia violàcea. It is very remarkable th a t th e re should
have been so man y doubts among botanists as to th e genus of
th e purple pe tu n ia, as it appears to common observers to differ
from the w hite only in colour ; an d i t is also rem a rk ab le th a t
i t sliould have been first called phcenicea, wliich signifies
w h.retn ro l.i .t ..i.As trdo,e cldeiily o—fs Aa rovrt io»1l1e t.-1c.o»l Io. u..rIc.r<oll. l.p 1u*3r,p1 «l(1e/1. Tlie flowors of tlie white peti tta , an d of all the hybrids i ____
ula riy a t n ig h t ; while th e few
ìolàcea a n d P . bicolor, an d the
from it, a .
hy b rid s raised be
P. bicolor does n o t hy b rid ise so freely as th e o th e r kinds, auu
it is more te n d e r ; h u t ali tlic dark -mo u th ed an d streaked kinds
a re raised p a rtly from it, an d th ey a re generally hy b rid s between
it an d th e wliite p e tu n ia ; th e la tte r k in d p roducing the
seed, as P. bicolor ra re ly ripens seeds. No p lants a re more
easily tra in ed th a n th e p e tu n ia s ; and, with a little care and
attention, th ey may be made to cover trellis-work o r vrire
frames o f vai ious difi'erent forms.” (La d ie s' Comp, to the Flow.
Gard ., 6 tli edit. p. 221.)
Subsect. 16. V erb ena.— V erb ena L. ; D id y n àm ia A ng iosp érm ia L., Yerbenàce<B Dec.
Verveine, Fr.
5390. Verbenas were first known in flower-gardens by two
species; viz. Verbéna H«fc/6iia an d V. iam ix frii.— “ Only afew
years ago the verbenas were scarcely known in flower-gardens,
except by'V . AublHia, with pinkish flowers, an d V. ¿<fiJB6érfì,
with pu rp le ones, n e ith e r of winch possessed mu ch beauty. In
1827, the b e autiful Verbéna Mclindres, or, as it is sometimes
called, V. ehamecdrifòlia, was introduced from Buenos Ayres,
an d i t directly became a favourite, thougli for some years it
was k ep t carefully in the greenliouse, an d considered difficult
to manage. Since th a t time, however, numerous o th e r species
have been introduced, an d as they are found to h y b rid ise
freely, an d to rliien abundance of seed, in n umerable liybrids
a n d varieties liave been raised. They aro all found to root
freely from layer?, and to strike as freely from cutilngs, and to
th riv e d u rin g summer in tho open air. Tlicy will all grow in
a n y lig h t soil, th ough they tlirive best in p e at or h e ath mould ;
a n d wlien once planted th ey req u ire no other care b u t occasional
watering, an d th ey spread rapidly, p roducing ab u n d ance
o f flowers. They have th u s become general everywhere ;
an d i t is now ra re to see a garden or a balcony witliout them.
The kinds principally cultivated are tho following: V. Mcliii-
drcs, tlie common scarlet verbena, th e colour o f which is the
mo st b rillian t scarlet. I t Is, Iiowever, the m ost ten d er k in d of
«■verbena, an d when planted in th e open w r i t is gcneraliy
killed by the flrst frost, if n o t protected. I t is a prostrate
plan t, an d should be pegged down over th e bed it is intended
to cover, when i t will throw out roots a t every jo in t. Its varieties.
V. M. la tifò lia , an d V. M. spléndens, which are probably
hy b rid s between V. Mclindres an d V. Ta-eedieino, are
mu c h more h a rd y th a n th e species, a n d tliey arc naturaUy '
e upright-growing, th o u g h when
roots a t every jo in t in th e same
pegged down th ey throw
■" ' an d
V. atrosaxiguinea, are o f a still more intense an d yet b rillian t
scarlet th an V. Blolindres, b u t the form er o f these is difficult
to keep th ro u g h the winter. V. 7 '« f«(/ieina is an u prigbt-
growing p la n t with crimson flowers, a n d it is very hard y . V.
T. supèrba is tlio best variety ; V. in cisa is also liardy an d up-
rigln-growtng, b u t its flowers a re of a pale p in k a n d have a
faded look. V. iJ am is ii is nearly allieti to th is species, b u t it
lias a less straggling h a b it o f growth, an d the flowers are not so
liable to fade. V. H i-ran iàn a has an u p rig h t hal>it of growth
an d purplisli crimson flowers, b u t i t is very tender, an d very
a p t to be attacked by ajihides. V. A «òiètia a n d V. Lamber ti
are prostrate species an d very h a rd y ; V. Saùlni, another
p ro strate species, has lilac flowers, an d i t has a variety with
white ones. V. pulchélla is also prostrate, a n d so is V . siii-
pMirea, th e flowers of which a re yellow. Th e orangc-coloured
varieties were in troduc ed in 1845 ; tho best a rc V. speciósa,
with a wliite centre, an d V. foi-mbsa élcgans. V. vuriegàta
an d V. mirdbilis are salmon-coloured. V. Neillix, V. teu-
ci-tOidcs, an d 'V. venósa, are upright-growing. Tiie first lias
lilac flowers, th e second white ones, a n d tlie la st purple ; th e
la st two aro of a very coarse h ab it of growth. T h ere arc n u merous
varieties of V. teucriOides, a ll of which are sweet-
scented ; th e two called tho Queen a n d th e Princess Iloyal, are
o f a pu re white, p a rticu la rly tho la tte r. V. Taglióni lias largo
corymbs o f flowers of a silvery hue. Several blue varieties
were raised in 1843, b u t they have all a tinge of lilac .” (La d ie s'
Comp, to the Flow. Gard. J th edit. p. 308T)
Subsect. 17. choice Flow ers.
5.391
A miscellaneous collection o f choice f io w e r s is here presented as suitable for the more select
flower-gardens and borders.
We have not, however, included half the number of species which we might
have done; because the number of ornamental plants which have within the last few years been sub-
jected' t■ o ext■ raord"i nary cu■l ture wou"l■d requ■i re a wor■k on purpose t.o .tr.ea.t .of. th em ^ícvertheless, all
those gardeners who understand the general principles of culture, and have been in the habit of thinkini
" • ■ - .. e principl ' ' ’ ’ ' ’ « ■ ■ - ■
for themselves in the application of tliese principles, can never be a t a loss, let tbe plant to be cultivated
be what it may. For routine practitioners,;rs, the following fc
assemblage may be useful; —
5392. T h e m
de.iirable p lan t
wiuter.
^oUtan violet (Vhola odoràta v a r.) is a very
.................... - ........—. I t is p . .
lik e tbe strawberry, an d indeed Is as easily
ant. I t grows most vigorously in a loamy
an d may c ither be planted in beds in warm situations in
>pen ground, in bods u n d e r glass frames, or in pots for
forcing in th e s -........................... „.
Neapolitan is considered th e best of a ll violets for forcing.
T h ere is a variety called the single Uussian, whicli commences
flowering in th e open a ir d u rin g a u tum n , an d continues so
d u rin g th e w inter, even when the groimd is covered witli frost
a n d snow. (Oard. Mag., vol. iv. p. 99 )
5393. T h ere a re two p rincipal species of ancwiojic, v iz .: the
A . co ronària L.,
n i l a
" I'lr tj .o r t. of >InBlo .i.rro .r-le o .o .l mo-
■ JlOIJt'S, ]
leaved s< ( i.vi.1,11: mill BinglG 01
” ’ ■ r ,X f e 'S ; ’: s s „ " ; s ,? L “2«
Ogilo for 1820 contains
in e iionsts or the present day do n
''arieticsI oo ff ttfhiiiss flower .w..1l-iii./Ah
“ o f a fin e double axiemone ( fig Qm 1
T h e stem sliould be strong, elastic, an d erect, not less tlmn
f.Yl'iYííYfe J ’ra blossom, o r corolla, should be a t least 2 i in.
£"d ta« «Ä
1059
l h . t .W . of S Ó M ™ ' r j “. £ t a *««on1 to P l « .
October, byVhkhY/Yanfth*eY rtSYa^^
i p i i p i i i l i i up, Wllf bo found of » t a
t a " "«‘U ; " C T f t o m
i p s i i i i i s i i «WHI i “ ratu b e rs: whenitthuB haiineiis nmcii
t/b o r s . f / r Y u Y P®“ ®" to‘ i/k e ’i i / thè
nelessYt m hA, ®»®®®"ra
away th c ir fibres, an d th e s o f l S t L Z r e s '
slmuld only m ia l pieces break off, such s h o /w n /t ’b //h rew !i
away, as each will, in the course of a few vears become «
F s s i l i i i i t o s s
i i s s s i i i i i i i
il
... ... A 1 „ uiai ,y iiinrKcii w itiialto rn a t
tmi white, &c., sfriiios, which in th
>x fe.w ln „ ite to th e ma rg in .”
.....A ...11. roiiiLl', or nillic iltlf wli.rt,
broad petals should u o t extend qi
. ooM. I'ropagation. By seed for new varieties an
vvarietics, an d b y d iv id .
®®"“ '’" ‘"K approved s o lf i '
« " ; t a ™ o '« t a
flowers fi-lm f im èeèd „ f U p ro curing large doublé
5397. B y dividiug the ù be rs. -When the division is properly
mmiy.OT.OT..A....„,
(Jlort. Trans., vol. vii.) has given e..
sp rin g crocuses, and a list of no fewer fl
an d varieties. The essence of tliis into
found in the Oard. Mag., vol. v. p. 516., an cTvol'rii ■'nfe'i'
111 o u r J lortus Brita-nnicus th irty -fo u r distiiwt' s ccfos of
■ otioilie
-mrog__ h>i s.t.o. r“y .of
.soet,sr, ?fo£r common purposes. The la tte r generallya fnlodw bejr tohffe-
nrsr sp n iig aftor planting, and a re treatt
tull-grown cortns. B y seed. Th e follow...^ «
Haworth. “ T he seeds o f crocuses aro best soi
a fte r lieing gathered, in lig h t d ry e arth , in large’ i.ots or imnl
»’L■lle"r?d!s“ a.'t. !thl"e“ ib®o"t't. o‘’n®i*, ®f*o- rf tel ' " iiflieien o y of holes ‘ ’
ta in ty all superfluous moisi
will vegetate, a n d ------------
box.
itcd in a ll respects as
ireetions are by
mediately
Tlu- 111
itil tbe
ienoy o
of draii
; thinly, for a
•e th au iia lf o
• ir sltii; •
OT.
and i>ot-
.vitli cer-
- - very seed
ch w-ith the
the seminal
•ntely shady
.11 the influì
....... ...V-.....uuinai rams set in, is a
.slieltered o n e : jic rmitling them to re.
ence ot theweathor, oxcej.t such heavy show
hare th e seeds. As soon, however, as the a u tum n al rains
th/rfrom’ /iTexYeJs/fertfl/s, f r / s t T m d / / 111^00«*
a lter the seniinul leaf (for they have b u t one, being monoco^
3 Y 2
M
. ' «Ul