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t a » t o : t | t a
practice holds good lu o th e r flowers, an d also in fruits, and
wdiy sliould tho tu lip ho an exception? I t ts alleged th a t the
p lants so produced arc weaker th an thoso rais ed from selfs ;
and, considering th a t Uie variegation is a disease, wo liave no
do u b t th a t tliis will be tho case ; b u t those w hich a rc too weak
for cu ltu re can be thrown away. Mr. Hogg recommends each
class to be fecundated from llowers of th a t class ; as roses with
ro ses; b iio rrcs witli bizarres, &c. lie also notices a French
mcthoti, related ns a discovery in L ’lIoHicuUcur F rançais, ou
le Jar<finier Amuleiir tedit. 1824, p. 415.), which is, to cover
th e bed witb a composition of limo rubbish, sand, and smithy
ashes, th a t is, ashes from a blacksmith’s forge, digging th em in,
to tlio depth of 9 in. or 10. in ., three weeks or a mo n th before
planting. Mr. Hogg, after sta tin g various opinions
subject, and also his own experience, tl
a ll, ic appears, th a t we mu st still bo
ag ain st the slowness, the un c ertain ty , aim me uiiucu;!,^ uu-
ten d in g Uie bioalcing of tu lip s ; an d tiiat th e only ratio n al
method, deduced from Uic successful experience of others,
wliicli wo ean p u rsue w ith any liopes o f advantage. Is to give
th em a change uf air, soil, and situation, ten or twenty miles
d istan t one year, an d tlicn to take them hack, and p lan t them
iu yo u r g a rden the uext, an d to continue tliis plan as long and
a s often as you can .” (SupjK &c., p. 55.)
6195. Ch a ra c te rislicso /a jin e variegated late tulip. “ Tho
stem should be strong, elastic, an d erect, a n d ab o u t 50 in. al'ove
th e surface of the bed. The flowers should ho large, an d composed
of six petals : these should proceed a little horizontally at
first, ancl th en tu rn upwards, forming almost a perfect cup, with
a ro u n d bottom, ra th e r widest a t th e toii. Th e three ex terior
petals should be ra th e r la rg e r th an th e three in te rio r ones, and
b ro ad e r a t th e ir base : all tho petals should have perfectly
e n tire edges free from notcli or s e rra tu rc ; the top of each
should he broad a n d well ro u n d ed ; the g round colour of
th e flower, a t Uie bottom of th e cup, should be clear white
o r yellow, an d th e various ricli-coloured stripes, whicii are the
p rin cip al orn amen t of a fine tu lip , should bo reg u la r, hold, an d
d istin ct on th e margin, an d term in ate in flnc broken points,
e legantly feathered or pencilled. The centre of each loaf, or
petal, should contain o n e o r more hold blotches, o r stripes, in term
ix ed with smali portions o f the o rigina l o r breeder colour,
a b ru p tly broken in to man y irreg u la r obtuse points. Some
florists arc of th e opinion th a t th e c en tral stripes, or blotches, do
u o t co n trib u te to the be au ty a n d elegance o f th e tulip, unless
conflned to a narrow stripe, exactly down tho centre, and th a t
th ey should be jierfectly free from an y remains of tlio original
or breeder colour ; it is c ertain th a t sucli apiiear very beautiful
an d delicate, especially when tliey have a reg u la r narrow
feathering a t the edge ; b u t tlie greatest connoisseurs in tliis
flower unanimously agree, tliat i t denotes superior m erit, when
tho tu lip abounds in rich colouring, d istrib u ted in a distinct
an d reg u la r m an n er th ro u g lio u t tlie flower, except in tlie
bottom of the cup, wliich, i t cannot be disputed, sliould bo
a clear, b rig h t white or yollow, free from stain or tinge, in
ord er to constitute a perfect flower ”
5194. Propagation. By seed for new varieties, and b y offsets
for co n tinuing approved sorts.
6195. P y seed. Select sucli breeders ns have ta ll strong
stems, with large wcll-formcd cups, clear in the bottom, and
save seed from tiiese in preference to the finest of tho v ariegated
or broken sorts, as th e seed o f such sorts produces nothing
b u t poor weak breeders o fn o value. “ I t should remain growin
g on tlie stem till th e p e ricarpium becomes o f a brownish
colour, an d begins to open ; i t is th en sufflciently ripe and
should be c u t ofl, with 6 in. o r 8 in. of tho stem, an d treated
afterwards, in all respects, agreeably to tlie directions given for
tlie management of hyacinth-seed. Some of th e seedlings will
bloom h y th e fou rth , or fifth, an d most, ifn o ta ll, b y th e seventh
year. ’ ’
6196. B yo ffseis. These should be planted, soon a fte r they
a re separated from th e p a re n t bulb, in beds o f fresh sandy
loam, with a Httle ro tten cow-dung placed from 7 in. to 42 in.
bolow tho surface, in a d ry a iry situation, from 2 in. to 4 in.
deep, according to th e size o f t'he roots. Tho heds should be
r a is ed 0 in. o r 8 in. above th e alloys, formed r a th e r convex on
th e surface, an d may he provided with lioops an d mats, to he
used to g u a rd them, as occasion may req u ire , from lieavy
ra in s an d severe frosts.
6197. Choice o /fu ll-g rown bulbs. Select such as have n e t
lost the brown skin, aro n o t m ouldy or soft a t the ro o t end, and
a re full, solid, an d r a th e r pointed a t th e otlier. Ju s t before
planting, strip off the hrown skin, so as to leave th e ro o t perfectly
h a re an d white, performing th e operation with g rea t
carc to avoid bru isin g o r w ounding th e root, especially a t the
lower end, w here the fibres are formed, w hich is, a t the season
of planting, extremely tender.
6198. S oil an d situation. “ The situation for tho best bed
should be in au open a iry p a rt of the garden : when th a t is
flxed upon, the gro u n d should he ma rk ed out, agreeable to its
in ten d ed dimensions, an d tlie soil tak en ou t 20 in. d e ep ; the
b ottom is th en to he filled u p with sound fresh e arth , 10 in.
th ick , upon whidli is to be placed a stra tum of two-year-old
ro tten cow-dung, au d cartli of th e above description, ab o u t onc-
lia ifofeach, well m ixed together, 12 in. thick ; an d again, upon
th is is to be placed an o th er stra tum of the same k iu d of eartli
a s th a t of th e bottom ; th is is only to be 2 in. th ick a t tlie
sides, an d 5 in. a t tlie middle, which will give it a small degree
o f convexity ; thi* is to be pe rformed ab o u t the 20th of
October, i. e. a week or two before plan tin g , to give th e bed
tim e to settle ; a t th e expiration of two weeks, th e e arth will
h ave subsided, so as to he ah o u t 2 in. liigiier tlian the c ircumja
c e n t p a th s : b u t if heavy rain s intervene hetwecn th is prep
a ra tio n of the bod, an d the tim e of planting, i t will be proper
to keep them off, in order to preserve tho temp era tu re of the
e arth , as i t w ould he ren dered too compact an d adhesive, hy
a red u ndancy of m oisture, for th e fibres to pass freely th ro u g h
it, which ou g h t to be avoided.’’ Hogg recommends a fresh,
rich , loamy soil, of r a th e r a sandy na tu re , which should be
d u g twelve months a t least before i t is used, an d a small
portion of well ro tted d u n g mn st he added. {Tr . on the
Carnation, Au ricu la . T u lip , <ÿc. p. 142.)
6199. Planting. The most proper tim e is from the end of
October to th e 19th of November. On th e day made choice
of for planting, rak e the surface o f tlie bed smooth a n d even,
s till preserving its convexity, an d m a rk th e exact situation for ..... ....... ‘ ’■ — • ,jj roQt
i 7 in.
of r n that
side, a t ¡ilcasuro. If..,. .t..l.i.e..r..c..f.o...r..e.,. .t..h...e.. .b..e..d... .c..o..n..s..i.s. t s of seven ri - -
it should consequently be 60 In. wide, which will allow i
space of 4 in. between the outside rows an d th e sides of tho
b e d ; b u t if the bed coutains only five rows, it will only req u ire
to be 5 ft- wide, to give th e roots similar distances. Having
sprinkled a littlo clean sand wlicre tho roots a re to be set,
place tliem witli g rea t exactness, an d a<ld some very sandy
e arth , so as to completoly onve!o]>e each root in a little cone
of i t ; tlicii cover th e wholc very carefully with strong, sound,
fresh loam, ab o u t 4 in. th ick a t the middle o fth e bed, gradually
decreasing as i t approaclios Ihe sides, w licre it should be about
5 in. thick ; th u s will the convexity of th e surface be increased
ill a p ro p er degree, an d th e roots will b e covered w ith soil, to
a depth proportionate to th e ir size an d s tre n g th ; the largest
nnd strongest having been placed in tlie centre rows, an d tlie
smaller an d weaker in those of th e outside. No tulip-root,
whatever may be its size or stren g th , should be planted more
th a n 4 in . deep from th e u p per side of tlie ro o t; n o r should
any blooming root be planted less tlian 2 J in. or 5 in. deep,
however small i t may be. Tho soil made uso of for covering
tlie bulbs should be freq u en tly tu rn ed over, an d th oroughly
exposed to the sun an d air, some time before it is made use of,
th a t i t m ay be ren dered perfectly sweet a n d free from the
acrid q u ality th a t m o st soils a rc su bject to, when tak en considerably
below tlio surface. B u t if tlio bed is only to contain
live rows, with a p a tli in th e front, an d none behind, then it
will be proper to p lan t th e smallest an d lowest growing roots
in tlio front, n e x t tlie path, an d so g rad u a lly to increase in tho
size of tlie roots to tlie fifth or last
row, which should co n tain the
strongest an d largest of a ll: when
th e roots arc p ro p erly covered
with soil, as before directed, tlie
surface of th e bed will slope one
way, forming an inclined p lane;
it will he necessary to support its
hig h e st side a t least with boards
o r brickwork, otlicrwisc the e a rth
would he liable to crumble down
an d leave th e roots bare or too
shallow. Mr. Groom of Clapham
Rise is one of the principal
tu lip growers in London, an d the
following aro th e details of his
practice. Mr. Groom’s bed is
4 ft. wide, an d ab o u t th e same
depth. Wlien i t is
ready to receive tlie
iri hiilbs, its surface
^ (.fig. 892. a) is
b ro u g h t to an accu
ra te curve by
rneans of a thin
piece o f board,
called a strike, 6. When tlie surface is th u s regulated, i t is
ready to receive th e ro o ts ; th e ir places are mark ed with the
greatest case by m eans of the strike. Seven rows a re planted
lengthwise o f th e bed, a t th e distance of 6 in. from each other,
an d from the sides. Of course th e strik e is divided in to eiglit
spaces. A t th e m a rk s between the spaces, small staples, one
ab out 2 in. above th e other, are driven in to tlie flat side of tiie
strik e : these receive seven small pegs o r dihhers, whicli, when
tlie strik e is p u t down across, m a rk th e places of th e hulhs.
The distances between tlie cross rows, viz. 6 in ., be in g m a rk ed
on tlie sides, regulate th e insertioiic of th e strike. From this
d escription i t may easily be conceived, with wh at accuracy and
expedition the p lan tin g Is done. Tlio roots, being deposited
in th e ir places, are now covered w ith th e proper compost; and
th e surface is smoothed off with tlie back of the strike, whicli,
for th is purpose, is formed with a curve a n d shoulders which
tak e in the whole width o f th e bed an d side bo a rd s; against
which last the shoulders slide while th e strike is moved onward
to tak e off th e red u n d a n t covering. Th is operation leaves tho
surface reg u la rly rounded from side to side, 6 in. liiglier in the
middle th an a t th e sides.
6200. P'uture culture a n d management. “ When the operation
of p lan tin g is concluded, tiie hod m ay be hooped over,
an d tak en care of, in the m an n er ilirected for iiyacintlis, i. e.
so as to preserve i t from very heavy rains, nnd severe fro s ts :
b u t eitlier one o r the other. In moderation, will be o f more
service th a n in ju ry to it. By the en d o f F ebruary ev ery p lan t
in liealth will b
will be 2 in. o r ...................„ .
ju s t mak in g th e ir app ea ran ce ; indeed a very few rema rk ab ly
lato sorts may be a week longer before th ey appear, b u t not
more. If, on examination, an y distemper or c anker is discernible
il be visible above g ro u n d ; some ta ll e arly sorts
3 inches liigh, o thers 1 in ., an d th e la te r s
on tho foliage, ab out th is time, e ith er above or 1 in.
or 2 in. helow th e surface of the soil, i t should he carefully
c u t o u t w ith a sh a rp knife, a n d the wounded p a rt left exposeil
to th e sun an d a ir, which will presently heal i t: a fine d ry
day sliould he made choice o ffe r th is operation. I f the surface
of th e bed appears to be o f too close an d solid a contexture, it
should he c arefully stirred u p , ah o u t 2 in. deep, which will
adm it the a ir more freely, an d prove, in al! respects, very
beneficial. By th e en d of April, somc of the p lants will p ro .
bab ly be grown so ta ll as to req u ire tlie hoops to be raised a
little , to secure the blossom from in ju ry : a ttention to this p a rt
m u st not be omitted, for th e blossom is very tender an d likely
to be bruised an d disfigured, by a very slight blow, o r ru b
against the hoops. As soon as an y of the e arlie r sorts begin
to show colour, they should be sliaded from th e su n ; for when
its I'.eat is considerable, i t will cause the colours to ru n and
inte rmix, in such a m an n er as to destroy tho elegance an d
be au ty of th e flower: some sorts a re more p a rticu la rly liable
to th is effect th an others, an d w ill be spoiled in flve minutes.
When tlie g re a te r p a rt of of the blossoms have begun to open,
a frame, o r awning, should be erected over tlie bed an d patlis,
ne arly similar to th a t for hyacinths {fig. 89 0 .): th a t is to say,
so as to keep o u t rain , a n d admF as much lig h t as possible;
th is m u st be thrown off, or rolled up, a t every favourable
opportunity, as directed for hyacinths, except th a t i t should
be done rather earlier in the morning, and later in the
evening; because tho sun has acquired a greater degree of
l>owcr at tins season of the year than earlier. I f these frequent
¿posiirc* to the light and air be omitted, the colours o f the
f ille r s will be faint and weak, and the grandeur of effect
will be lost, or consider.ably lessened. The cloth covering
Should com.e down nn each side, within about 3 ft. of the
ground, to allow a free circulation of air, except in windy
weather; from the effects of which, the flowers must be most
carefully preserved, by a continuation of the covering quite
down to the ground, on tho windy sid e ; a line o f mats sewed
togetlier, and their upper edge nailed to a frame on that side
may answer the purpose, if tho cloth is not of sufflcient lengtli’
i ulips nevor require to be artificially watered, in the hottest
mid driMt seasons, at any period from planting to taking up
the roots; nevertheless, moderate rains may always be admitted
brfore and in very small quantity after the bloom is
over; but early in the spring, they a re absolutely necessary,
in orcl^ to procure a strong bloom. Wlien the awning
erected, the hoops sliould be carefully taken away, the sides
and ends o f the bed should be neatly boarded up, and tho
pa tlis lowered 2 in. or o in., to bring tho flowers nearer to tile
e y ^ a slight frame, about 2 ft. high, should surround the
¿ 11, to p r e^nt tlie gm-ments of spectators from rulibing
a ^m st, or hrealcing off, the flowers; lines o f small twine
pain ed green, and corresponding with the rows of flowers
should pass from one head of the bed to the other, fastened to
tne end pieces of the frame, and stretched tight - to these
the stems of tlie flowers are to be loosely tied with short
Pieces o f green worstcil, whioli will preserve a pleasing rcgu-
larify o f appearance, witliout stiffness and formality. Tulips
mu boar to be covered a longer time in bloom than most other
flowers, without sustaining any considerable in ju ry ; it m ay be
continued three weeks with great safety. I f any roots sliould
p o n ^ , or fail to produce bioom, tiie deficiency may he made
c ^ d hy transplanting, with the transplanter, from a rcscrve-
ued, or tlie lowcr end of tiio stems of flowers, taken from the
reserve-¿ds, may be immersed in phials, filled with water, and
siitiK into the b e^ so as not to appear above ground ; these
will continue in bloom sevcrai days, without requiring to be
eh^ g cd , and will make a tolerable appearance. About a week
OT ton days after full bloom, wJien the petals o f mauy begin to
drop off, the awning should be taken down, togetlier with the
frame, boards. &c„ that surround the b ed ;’ aYd the m « s and
noopa may ho replaced as before, to throw off excess of rain as
t ie case may require: and as the leaves or petals of anv fwii
t/YhTst'em*®« Of ¿ c h Should be immediately broken o /e to s4 to the stem ; for, ff suffered to remain on the plant, itwiU pro-
cr^tmate the period of its maturity, and weaLn the root ion
?■ " 'N rem.aln in tliis state about a fortnight
longer, ¿ which time the grass, or foliage, will become o f a
y^owish-brown, a n d 2 in . o r S in . o f the t ip o fth e stem will
be w-eak and spongy.
8 9 3
. — ....OT ii„. wjiLica
roots, because if done earlier, they wil
and ff deferred later, their juices wil
11 be manifest at the succeeding bloom
flowers being ivhat is generally termed foul.'
6201. Aconowica/fiu-nwgs for tulip and hyacinth beds of
kinds, h ^ e been devised by several florists. One bv
Mr.Saul {fig. 89b.), consists o f a few uprights and rafter« anS
a piece of canvas, w-hich is fixed at a, and extends to’ b b
tIS attached to th e roof ‘.hei efslge„ otf t.he„ c.an vas.;’
“ P b y th e roller
‘h ® . s i d e ,. r. u.Onllnliin.lgg i1n11 il
may be pulled
- • - e . (Ga ■
me use ot a similar cord on tlie o th e r side
distinct pulley a t d, c ith er side of the awning’
POTtly o r wholly up, as circumstances may 51,
Mag., vol. VI. p. 45). Another very n eat, and a t tne same time
\jig . oy-i.j a a a a , which rest on th e ground, an d are joined
894 ^
-------- , „ cord
, an d b ro ug ht ro und
p u lley a t d, so th a t by
a t the top b y a frame, 6, and a t each end hy a semicircular
na rraw board, c. The ro lle r to which the canvas is fixed rf
works into these two boards by means o f a pulley and lin e a te ’
The p n iicipio on whieh th is awning is le t down or rolled up,
is th a t of the common ro lle r window b lin d ; th e difference
being, th a t liere two b linds are le t down, o r rolled u p a t the
- .m e time. {Ib id ., vol. lii. p. 419.)
5202. Taking u p the roots. Dig them up carefully, and place
th em u n d e r cover, m a dry, airy, shaded situation. Here thev
m ay rem a in unto u ch ed till August or September following
1 lien It IS p ro p er to tak e off tlioir loo.se skins, fibres, and
------- . OT. ...OT .... ...... nvuiu
---------- ^ to weaken an d in ju re them, by dry in g up
p a rt o f th c ir ju ic e s ; the last brown skin, w hich is so in timately
c ra n ec ted w ith tho root, should remain on it till th e time (ff
p lM to g Mr. Groom keops his bulbs in drawers { fig .
895.), which fit m to a frame or case (fig . 896.). This caso
8 9 5
wide, and 1 ft. 9J in . from front
m ï S ' . S l . j T f t a V n n s « t , „ oircnl.tten of air, ,„ 1b»
rows in eacli drawer, and ten drawei , the c 1 of
course contain one h undred rows, each row having seven
roots ; an d it tho tu lip bed w hen planted contain seven roots
across, the drawers will correspond with the bed. The reason
of having s ^ ^ rows is, th a t the centre root may bo th e tallest,
an d the bed sloped off to each side. In arran g in g a tu lip bed,
begin with a bybloemen, then take a b i z a r r e , - - - - - -