Fruit-ceUar. (2194.) Ify o u have attended properly
to cashing up keeping-apples and pears, you
will still have a supply, and even of grapes m some
cases. If th e cellar gets too warm, th e casks should
be removed to the ice-house.
5. Culinary hotliouse department.
Glass case without artificial heat. P la n t out
melons and cucumbers, shading and watering, &c.
(3253. and 3268.)
Hotbeds and pits. P ru n e melons and cucumbers,
give air and water, and attend to shading and weeding
; collect mushroom-spawn ; attend to young
pines. (4703.) „ . .
Pinery. You will now begin to cu t fruit in
abundance. See to th e stools ; earth them up, so
as to cause th e suckers to strike root : p u t them
into a brisk botioin-heat, and give proper supplies
of water. You will thus gain much time, and profit
from the expiring strength of the parent plant
as long as possible. This is th e true way to fruit
a pine-plant in eighteen months or even less time.
Suckers thus treated will, next spring, be equal to
two-year-old plants.
Forcing-houses. Expose those houses, where
crops are taken, to th e natural climate, by removing,
as far as possible, the roof, and even th e ends
and front, if they are movable.
6. Flower-garden. — Open-ground department.
Sow a few annuals, for succession and prolongation
in pots through winter. (5485.)
Propagate (5083.) from cuttings of plants going
out or flower ; from rooted slips of such as are
ripening their seed, as auriculas and th e primula
tribe : go on piping and laying the dianthus tribe.
(.5302.)
Take up bulbs as they go out of flower : this work
should generaUy be completed by th e end of the
first week, unless for the lily tribe, the colchicum,
and a few others.
Transplant late sowings of annuals, and also biennials
and perennials, into nursery rows. (5491.)
Routine culture. Eradicate all weeds th e moment
they appear : keep the surface always fresli, and
ra th e r rough, never smooth and battered. It is
b e tte r to have little clods and knots of earth, than
to have a naked or dug surface as smooth as a
table. T h e clods and knots make variety of light
and shade, and are besides more favourable for the
admission of air, heat, and water to the roots.
Shade, shelter, and water. Gather seeds as they
ripen, and dry them in the seed-room or lofts, the
windows being open. Destroy in sects; cut out
broken stalks, and diseased parts of plants. Cut
down stalks which have done flowering, and remove
ail decayed leaves.
Gather flowers neatly with a knife, and so as not
to disfigure the plant. (5145.) Gather in general
from th e reserve-garden, so as not to disfigure the
borders.
Store-room. (5184.) Look over your bulbs now
and then, to see th a t none get mouldy. See also to
your newly put-up seeds.
7. Flower-garden. — Hothouse department.
Gluss case without artificial heat. (5118.) Most of
these, a t this season, are given up to the kitchen-
garden, or used to protect at nights the tender annuals,
some of which, as the humble and sensitive
plant, cannot so well be put out in th e borders.
(5140.)
liotbeds and pits. (5131.) Little use is now made
of them by the florist, unless for propagation of
stove plants. Attend to cuttings from whatever
department. If you are endeavouring to flower the
more delicate aquatics, see to th e keeping up a regular
heat.
Greenhouse. (5119.) This will now be filled with
pots of tender annuals, which only require shifting
now and then till of a certain growth ; and then
only common routine culture.
Dry stove (5125.) Some set out a part of the succulent
tribe a t this season. If you do, let it be in a
very warm s itu a tio n : heavy and continued rains
prove very injurious to succulents in th e open air.
B a rk or moist stove. (5126.) Increase the temperature
with the increase of light, and add air and
water accordingly. Attend to all the minor points
of culture. See th a t th e floors or paths of your
stoves are swept every day, and wash your plants
well with the engine, otherwise they will soon get
unsightly. Take care not to dash this water upon
plants in blossom, lest you should spoil their beauty,
and prevent them from setting fruit.
8. Pleasurc-groxmd and slmibbery.
P rune (2561.) as in last m onth: box-edgings and
evergreen hedges in tbe last week of this month, if
th e season is a forward one. (5050.)
Routine culture as in June.
Lawns. (5026.an d 5028.) Attend to these, according
as the weather may be showery or otherwise.
In dry weather, set your men to mowing at three
o’clock, and let them rest from eleven till three
o’clock: in moist weather, the time of th e day is of
less consequence. In France and Italy, the working
gardeners, during summer, may be said to do
th e principal p a rt of th e ir work early in th e morning,
and late in th e evening.
Gravel-walks. Weed and roll these in moist
weather. When dry, and th e gravel becomes loose,
water and roll. (5048.)
9. Trees — Nursery department.
Fruit trees. Attend to budding, and look over
your grafted trees ; pinch off all obtruding shoots
and suckers. (2941.)
Ornamental trees a nd shrubs. Continue laying
summer shoots, and plant cuttings and bud as in
last month. (6018.)
Forest trees. Sow elm-seed ; attend to weeding
and cleaning all beds and rows of seedlings, or other
nurslings, and of transplanted trees. (6111.)
10. Trees. — Pennanent plantations and
park scenery.
Prune (5866.) evergreens in th e last week, if the
summer has been so favourable as nearly to ripen
the wood.
Routine culture. Attend to kitchen or field crops,
among young plantations; and to large weeds
everywhere. Do not forget hedges and other
fences : keep all sorts of fences a t all times in repair.
(5875.) Few operations in landscape-gardening
can now be commenced ; but some, as excavating
for water, &c., may go on.
A U G U S T .
Weather
at
Atgi^ c of
mometer.
Greatest
Variation
from tho
Average.
Average
ofthe
Barometer.
Q^uMtity
REMARKS.
This is the Bam or harvest month ofthe Saxons; many sceds
of herbaceous vegetables ripen in this month, and most
sorts of culinary crops, raised in the open garden, aro now
in perfection. Insects, especially the winged tribes, now
1 ! London -
Edinburgh
Dublin -
65 85
CO 6
63 82
2 50 06
29 828
50 173
0'824 inch.
1-996
5-858
abound; and the young gardener should be assiduous in
collecting them, lor the same object as lie collects specimens
of plants. By can-ying a small box in his pocket,
ho may pick them up while at work.
1. Kalendar of animated nature round
London.
I n the fir s t week : flying ants (Formica) appear ;
bees kill their drones ; and th e swallow-tailed b u tterfly
(Fapilio Machào») appears.
Second iveck: young martins (H irúndo ùrbica)
and swallows ( Hirùndo rùstica ) begin to congregate,
and swifts (Cypselus / 'p u s ) to d ep a rt; th e whame,
ov burrel-fly (Qi'strus Fòvis), lays eggs on cattle.
Third week: th e black-eyed marble-butterfly
(Hippárchio Sémelí) appears; various birds reassume
th eir spring notes.
Fourth week: th e nuthatch (S itta europæ'a) cha tters
; th e stone curlew (OEdicnèmus crépitans)
whistles a t n ig h t; th e goatsucker (Caprimúlgus
europæ'us) and young owls (S trix stridula) make
a noise in th e evening; robin-redbreast (Sylvia
F ubccula) sings ; and rooks roost on th e ir nest
trees.
2. Kalendai* of vegetable uature round
London.
I n the fir s t week : melilot (Meliiòtus officinàlis),
rue (F ú ta gravèolens), yellow succory (Flcris Mera-
cidldes), and burdock (/'r c tium Láppa), m flower ;
the bread-corns ripe. ^ ,
Second week: wild clary (Sàlvia Ferbenaca), meadow
rue (Thalictrum flàvum), ploughman’s spikenard
(Con j z a squarròsa), and various other natives,
Third 'week: the mallow (Málva), Lavátera,
hollyhock (/Ith a a 'a ròsea), and lobelias, among the
garden flowers, and the polygonums and potamoge-
tons among the wild plants, now in blossom.
Fourth week: the autumnal crocus (Colchicum
autumnàle), / 's t e r , Solidàgo, Senècio paludòsus,
teasel (Díp.sacus fullònum), and various other
plants, in flower ; the earlier varieties of all the
hardy kernel-fruits ripe.
3. Kitchen-garden. — Culinary vegetables.
Sow (3553.) turnip for a main crop, in th e first
week ; but sowings made after the 15th seldom fully
succeed. (3649.) Make frequent sowings of small
salading, radishes, and lettuce (3992.): th e latter
for autumn and winter crops. Parsley may now be
sown for winter and spring use, this being the most
natural season for sowing biennials. (3999.) Some
of the large sorts of cabbage, In the first week, to
come in in th e autumn of th e following year and
subsequent w inter ; and early sorts in the first week,
for coleworts n ex t winter and spring. (3454.) Spinach,
in the first or second weeks, for a main winter
crop. (3721.) Carrots in th e first and th ird weeks
for drawing young in spring. (3666.) Endive and
corn-salad for winter and spring ; chervil for a late
crop ; onions for a full winter crop ; angelica, fennel,
scurvy-grass, and biessed-thistle for next year.
Cauliflowers twice, in the third and fourth week,
for crops, to stand over the winter, in sheltered
borders, or under frames. American cress, in the
last fortnight, for a spring crop.
Propagate (4078.) by slips and cuttings, where
necessary. . , ,
Transplant (3906.) as in last month, and include
leeks, perennial herbs, &c.
Routine culture. Displace the suckers from such
artichoke heads as you would grow to the greatest
magnitude ; stick peas and runner kidneybeans ;
earth up th e brassica and leguminous tribe, and
potatoes in so far as requisite. Land up celery,
endive, white beet, finocchio, &c. for blanching.
Hoe, thin, weed, stir th e surface, w ater, shade, and
attend to neatness and order ; and clear off all crops
th e moment they are done with. ,
Taking crops. (3775.) Take up th e alliaceous
tribes as before ; gather pickling cucumbers ; cut
herbs ; gather ripe seeds.
Destroy insects. (2460.)
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant (3297.) strawberries, as directed for last
month.
Prune (2564.), regulate, train, and otherwise
arrange the summer shoots of all fru it trees, as
directed for last month.
Routine culture. Hoe, rake, weed, and stir the
surface under gooseberry compartments, and in
general under and around ail fruit trees. Where
fruit is beginning to ripen, be very moderate in
thinning th e leaves. Mat up small fruits on north
walls, intended to be preserved till late in autumn;
water spring-planted trees in dry weather, also
strawberry plants in blossom and fruit. Dress
strawberry-beds th a t have done bearing. (4632.)
Take (4563.) gooseberries and currants, with the
fruit-scissors or tongs. Apricots and such wall-
fruit as is ripe with the fruit-gatherer. {See fig.
Destroy (2660.) insects ; the acarus will now be
your greatest enemy.
5. Culinary hothouse department.
Glasscasewithnutartificialheat. Sowlong prickly
cucumbers for a late crop, to receive the aid of a rtificial
heat in October and N ovember. Sow in pots, or
make layers or cuttings for th e samepurpose.
Hotbeds and pits. (1990.) Recruit the linings of
melon-beds, and prune, train, weed, water, and impregnate
all the cucumis tribe.
Mushrooms. Search for spawn, in cow-pastures
more especially, and take care of it when hot.
(3356.)
Pinery. See last month.
Forcing-hcuses. (3163.) Mostoftheforcedpeaches
will now be gathe red; fully expose th e trees, unless
you have so great a proportion of grapes under the
rafters, or running along the top of your trellis, as
to render it worth while to keep the sashes on to
ripen them. It is, however, better never to have
them together in such contending proportions.
Cherry trees and others in pots, and of which the
shoots are ripe, should be put in a state of hybernation,
by removal to a cold cellar, or shaded
border. This will fit them better for a succeeding
early artificial spring.
6. Flower-garden. — Opcn-ground department.
Sow (3553.) auricula and other primula seeds in
pots and boxes, so as to admit of winter protection.
These seeds come up stronger now than if kept till
th e followmg spring ; and, though they will not
flower sooner than the second spring after sowing,
yet they will then fiower much stronger than plants
ju s ta year old. (5247. to 52.50.) Mignonette, stocks,
and other annuals in pots, for prolongation through
th ew in te r. (5446.)
Propagate {5983.) hv aW the usual means. This
is now the best time for taking oft' rooted slips of
the auricula: the Lancashire florists will never
touch these tiil the third day of this month, when
their florists’ sales commence. (5257.)
Take up bulbs and tuber roots of the few plants
which had not ripened their stalks before, as of the
martagón and red and white lily.
Plant dried qffsets of bulbs, as these, from their
small size and tenderness, ra the r suffer from being
long out of th e ground. Plant autumn-flowering
bulbs and Guernsey lily. (5432.)
Transplant (5469.) most sorts of biennials and
perennials, and your latest sowings of annuals and
half-hardy annuals intended for the borders.
Ro ••
rake,
Routine cuUure. P repare composts. Hoe, dig,
-ake, stir, weed, thin, shade, shelter, prop, stick
sweet peas, and other climbers.. . . Wa ter, an, d gf"a*t’her
,es where they exist in
you find they remow
verges
the flower-garden, according
quire it.
Store-room. (5480.) Look once a m onth a t your
roots and seeds ; and gather, dry, clean, and store
up seeds as they ripen, attending to name and date
each packet or bag accurately.
7. Flower-gai'den. — Hothouse department.
Glass case without artificial heat. See last
month.
Hotbeds. (6131.) Attend to such cuttings as are
forwarding in these, and to late crops of tender
annuals. Prepare successions of tender annuals
for th e greenhouse
Greenhouse. (5119.) Attend to your tender annuals
; and do not forget creepers, and vines, and
such plants as being planted in the ground cannot
be turned out.
D ry stove. (5125.) About the end o fth e month,
it will be safe to replace such plants as you had
ventured in th e open a ir. Any you put in cold pits
may remain a m onth longer.
B a rk or moist stove. (5126.) See last m onth. Attend
to creepers, climbers, and vines, also aquatics,
which, ify o u have a proper aquarium, will now be
in great perfection, and highly beautiful. (5129.)
8. Pleasure-ground and shi'ubbeiy.
Plant (2510.) evergreens towards the end of the
month ; water, mulch, and shade, for some days, if
very delicate sorts. ^ . ^ -„ -0
Praneevergreens (2561.); roses for forcing. (5378.
and 5380.)
Routine cuUure. Hoe, rake, weed, &c., as before.
Prepare ground for planting ; dress gravel and grass
as in June and July.
Form and repair lawns, by turfing or sowing, it
is now an excellent season for sowing lawns. See
th a t you make use of the proper grasses, according
to the soil and situation. Attend to gravel walks.
(5048.)
9. Trees. — Nursery department.
Fruit trees. ìSOei.) Finish budding of the late
4 L 4