1. Kalendar of animated nature round
London.
In the firs t week : the sedge-sparrow (Currùca
a ru n d in à c e a ) , thefly-catcher (Muscicapa A tncapü-
la), the wasp ( Féspa vulgàris), and several species
of bee and butterfly, appear.
Second week : the burnet-moth (Zygse'na filipend
u la ) and forest fly (Hippobosca equina) appear ;
^'^Third week: several flies, butterflies, moths,
beetles, and other insects, appear. .
Fourth week : insects abound ; and singing niras
begin to retire to the woods, and leave off smging.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round
London.
In the firs t week: water-lilies^ (Nymphte'a and
Nùphar) flower ; also T ris Pseudàcorus, A nthemis
Cótula, Fotygonum Persicària, Malva rotundifòlia,
and numerous other plants.
Second week : the vine, raspberry, and elder m
full flower : also various Scotch roses (2fòsa spinosissima),
broom (Spartium), nettle (Lfrtica), and
wheat in th e ear. » • v« i.
Third week : the O'rchis, Epilbbmm, I'ris Xlph-
iuin and »iphidldes, the hardy Tiswe e n i Oladioll,
and a great .variety of garden and field plants in
flower; also the wheat, and many ot the pasture
week : some black and red currants ripe,
strawberries in abundance ; young shoots of trety
and shrubs have nearly attained their length ; oats
and barley in flower ; biue-bottle, scabious ( Centaurè
a Cyanus), and numerous others, in bloom.
3. Kitchcn-garden. — CiUinaiy vegetables.
Sow peas and beans once a week or ten days.
(3553.) Cucumbers for picklers. (4809.) Gourds in
thefirstweek. (4118.) Smallsaladsandlottuceevery
week or ten days. (3992. and 3902.) Radishes and
spinach in thefirstweek. (3719.) Kidneybeans every
fortnight, for succession. (3-591.) Endive about the
10th or 24th, for the main autumn and w inter crops.
(3915.) Chervil twice in th e month for summer
use,alsopurslane. (4005.) Cabbages,ofquick-grow-
ing sorts, for summer and autumn consumption,
about the beginning and middle of the month.
(3455.) Turnips in the first week, for succession ;
and in the second and thirdweek for a te ll autumn
crop. (3649.) Carrots (3666.) twice, for drawing
young. Broccoli and borecole, m small Ptytions
for succession, late in spring. (3511. and 3484.)
Onions to be drawn young.
To save seed. Mark out cauliflowers, lettuces, &c.
and let them send up their fiower-stems. (3461.)
Protect when and where necessary ( b m .)
by bulbs, roots, offsets, sups in showery
5. Culinaiy hothouse department.
•weather."'(3603.)
Transplant (3451.) th e brassica tribe, cardoons,
endive, lettuce, and other plants and herbs, also
plants reared in hotbods.
Routine culture. T ie up garlic and rocambole
leaves in knots, to check the progress of th e flower-
stalk. Stick and top peas ; top b e a n s ; earth up
finochio to blanch ; also white beet. Thm, h o ^
weed, and stir the ground as before. _ Supportwith
stakes, and water, as far as practicable, in dry
Takingcrops. (4069.) Cut and dry herbs for winte
r use. Gather ripe seed. Discontinue cuttmg
asparagus a t the end of the month.
4. Hardy frait department.
Prune and train the summer shoots of all des
c rip tio n s of wall and trellis trees. (2.564.)
Thin out the summer shoots of fruit-shrubs, and
of all fruit trees, except high standards, which do
hot require this nicety.
Routine cuUure. Mulch, water, fasten by stakes,
weed, hoe, and .rake where wanted. Throw nets
over cherry trees, and protect the fruit from the
birds. Water strawberry plots every day in dry weath
er, desisting a little as the fruit begins to ripen.
Destroy insects. Strew sulphurover the mildew,
water for the a c a ru s ; direct a stream of tobacco
smoke against the aphis and thrips, but depend on
vour fingers for the thorough eradication of grubs,
which, at this season, are by far the most mischiev-
ous of garden enemies. (2460.)
Fruit-room andceUar. As m last month.
Glass case without artificial heat. Raise handglasses
over cucumbers on props, and train out the
runners, in the second or third week. Ridge out
melons in good earth, in the last fo rtn ig h t; cover
with mats till th e end of the third week. (3253.
and 3268.)
Hotbeds. Keep up adequate temperatures for
ripening th e fruits by linings. Reinforce melon
ridges with linings. Train, prune, and impregnate,
as circumstances require. Attend to air, water,,
shade, and even nightly coverings after cold days.
Keep up proper linings to your beds of pine-
suckers. , ,
Pinery. Attend to what was stated last month.
If you want extraordinary large fruit, and do not
mind losing th e suckers, apply the usual means,
viz., heat, water, and removal of all stem and root
suckers. (3045.)
Forcing department. See last month. Keep up
successive supplies of kidneybeans, strawberry, and
fruit trees in pots.
6. Flower-garden. — Open-ground department.
Sow a few hardy and half-hardy annuals for succession,
as before. (5485. and .5491.)
Propagate, by cuttings, such plants as areproper
for this purpose, as they go out of flower. Ripe
and lay pinks and carnations towards the end ot
th em o n th . (5338. and 5302.)
Take up bulbs and other tuberous roots, dry them
in the shade, and remove them to boxes or drawers
in the store-room; wrap the finer sorts in papers.
^'^^Transplant (5491.) annuals in the borders and in
pots for autumn and winter flowering. Biennials
and perennials may also be transplanted into n u rsery
rows a t this season, or even where they are
finally to remain. ,
Routine culture. Mow, weed, hoe, rake, thm,
stir and dress ; and keep up as complete an appearance
of polish and high keeping _as your
strength of men and other means will permit. (2305.
to 2313.) Shade, shelter, water, and attend to
carnations coming into flower. Destroy earwigs
and all manner of insects. (2660.) Go round th e garden
frequently and examine everything minutely,
and reflect on what might be done to promote
its growth and beauty. To aid you, imagine
it to be a garden which you were sent to criticise,
aud to be paid according to the number of faults
you found.
7. Flower-garden. — Hothouse depait-
ment.
Glass case without artificial heat. Propagate the
dianthus tribe by pipings under hand-glasses and.
, frames.
Hotbeds and pits. P u t pots of carnations and-
pink pipings in gentle heat, it will facilitate their
strikiBg, (5302. and 5338.) Do not forget to give
head-room to your balsams and other tender
annuals, which should now be noble looking plants.
Attend to pots of cuttings and seedlings ; also to
young stove plants put into this department for
more rapid advancement.
Greenhouse. As soon as th e mulberry comes
into leaf, remove the plants to a fit situation in th e
open air. Some plunge them in ashes ; but the
major p a rt set them on scoria, gravel, or pavement,
in a partially shaded situ a tio n : a cold bottom and a
certain degree of shade are essential to th eir weilstove.
(5164.; Give abundance of air night
and day, but be moderate as to water. Cease to
water bulbs soon after they have done flowering ;
let them eo slowly into a .state of hybernation, and . . 9 . -i-.Uro then take them out of th e „p.o..rtos arornorod) dry »tVh-eQTmrt,.
B ark or moist stove. Increase your heat with
th e lengthening day and prolonged sun, and by
consequence increase th e concurring agents ofv ty
eatiori. Propagate by the usual means ; save seeds
where you can ; destroy insects, and attend to
neatness.
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Prune and regulate sumn-.er shoots, and take off
suckers where not wanted to extend the bush or
propagate the species. (2561.)
Routine culture. Weed, hoe, rake, stir the surface,
support climbers, regulate the shoots of
creepers, &c. Water and roll any new-laid gravel
to combine it properly with the rest. Dress, roll,
and mow lawns and tu rf in every form. Keep your
eyes open to every part of the grounds a t this
season : 'or now perfect neatness and the utmost
polish and high keeping is expected. Do not trust
to what you are told to do in kaiendars, but thiuk
for yourself: kaiendars frequently make mere machines
of gardeners ; for though man is a thinking
animal, yet he is also a lazy imitative animal, and
will not exert himself in any way, and not even
think, unless urged on by some strong motive. All
your faults will be discovered, sooner or la te r; and,
rely on it, you will receive a proportionate disgrace
from your neighbours or visitors: if you are attentive
to your duty, your merits will be discovered
in like manner, and you will receive appropriate
credit and reputation, which is your capital stock
in trade, on which you depend for your livelihood.
(6430.)
9. Trees.— Nursery department.
Fruit trees. Begin budding during the last fortn
ight. Look over all your newly grafted and all
other t re e s ; rub off superfluous, irregular, or ill
placed shoots and suckers, and tie weak grafts and
dangling shoots from budded stocks to neat stakes.
^ Ornamental trees and shrubs. Lay the summer
shoots of roses, hard-wooded evergreens, and other
sorts which are proper to be propagated in this
manner. P u t in cuttings of young wood properly
ripened a t the lower end. Bud rare sorts. (6018.)
Forest trees. Collect and sow elm seed in the
th ird or fourth week ; or if you do not wish to sow
it, lay it in the store-ioft. (6111.) Seedlings of the
more choice pines maybe thinned where too thick,
and the thinnings planted and shaded about the
end o fth e month. (6117.) Gather Scotch elm-seed
from the middle to the end of th em o n th . (6U4.)
Attend to kitchen crops among transplanted trees,
and in vacant places in general. (5956.)
10. Trees. — Permanent plantations and
park scenery.
FeU oak-coppices, if it has not been done before»
The middle of this month will prove a better time,
as to th e trees, than th e middle of May, as. they
will not bleed so much : but the bark will not peel
so well. (5929.)
Prune and thin the side shoots of the present
season, from established trees.
Routine culture. Stake newly planted tall hedgerow
trees, where not done before. Attend to weeds
everywhere, and to ground under crop. Prepare,
ground for autumn sowing or planting.
Operations on ground and buildings are carried
on a t this season with less advantage than in the
three preceding months. , T h e ground is hard and
difficult to penetrate ; and the moisture in new-
b uilt masonry dries too rapidly.
JULY.
Weather
at
Average of
the Thermometer.
Greatest
Variation
from tlio
Average.
Average
Barometer.
Quantity
of Rain.
Ixjndon -
Edinburgh
Dublin
66 3
60 6
61 13
2 29 89
29 445
29 929
2-194 inch.
2-546
2-614
REMARKS.
This was calUdSay monift by tho Saxons, and in it ai
Slants in flower than during any other. The youi
ener should now devoto a considerable portion
time to collecting and drying specimens, duplit
triplicates, in o — ^ .........
brothor-garde_n_c_r_s_ _o r n atu ral ist.s ;, «-ith booksellers,
lotlicca'ries, students, schoolmasters, andclerjjymen, for
loan of books, and for aid and Instruction in study.
1. Kalendar of animated natm-e round
London.
I n the fir s t week : th e cuckoo (Cùculus canòrus)
leaves off singing ; the stone-curlew (OEdicnèmus
crépitans) whistles occasionally late a t night ; and
th e golden-crested wren (Fégulus cristàtus) now
and then chirps.
Second week : th e quail ( Cotúrnix vulgàris) calis;
the cuckoo-spit, or frog-hopper (Tettigònia spu-
mària), abounds.
Thirdweek: young frogs migrate ; hens moult.
Fourth week ; th e great horse-fly ( Tabànus ôovi-
nus) appears ; and partridges fly.
2. Kalendar of vegetable natm-e round
London.
I n the firs t week : enchanter’s nightshade (Circæ'a
lutetiàna) and lavender (Lavándula Splca) in flower,
and pinks and carnations in tell bloom.
Secondweek: the fallen star (Tremélla Kóstoc)
appears, also puff-balls (Lycopérdon Rovista), and
sometimes the common mushroom (/g á ric u s campéstris).
Thirdwee k: raspberries and gooseberries npe,
potatoes in flower, asparagus in berry, the liliums
in perfection.
Fourth week: the truffle (Tùber cibàrium) now
hunted or dug up in commons and forests ; nightshade
(Solànum nigrum), devil’s bit ( Scabiòsa succisa),
burnet-saxifrage (Pimpinèlla Saxífraga), and
a great number of plants in flower.
3. Kitchen-garden.— Culinai-y vegetables.
Sow (3992.) salads and lettuce in shady situations,
for successional crops. Turnip-radishfor an autumn
crop. (3708.) Kidneybeans, in th e first week, for a
late full crop. (3-591.) Peas and beans, in the first
week, and a fortnight afterwards try a small sowing
for a late crop. (3553.) Endive, in the first week,
to come in a t the close of autumn ; in the third
week, for a winter crop. (3915.) Broccoli, before
the 10th, for a la te spring crop. (3511.) Finocchio,
for succession, in the firstfortnight. (4015.) Round-
leaved spinach, in the first week, in a shady border
for a succession. (3719.) Large-leaved or Flanders
spinach, in the last week, in poor ground, to stand
the winter. (3723^ York and sugar-loaf cabbages,
... the first week, for autumn use, and in the last
week, for winter and spring. (3447.) Carrots, in
the first week, in a shady border. (3666.) Turnips
twice or thrice, in showery weather. (3649.) Welch
onions ; for autumn onions, sow the bulbing sorts
in the last week, to stand th ew in te r. (3764.) Coriander
and borage for young crops. (4127. and
4044.)
To save seed. Mark out th e brassica tribe and
other esculents in perfection, and let them shoot
up flower-stems.
Propagate by slips, offsets, &c. where not done
before, and where plants have completed their inflorescence,
and are to be cut down, as tarragon and
other pot-herbs. (4000.)
Transplant (3951.) as before, and include celery
and celeriac, endive, &c.
Routine culture. Stick and top peas and kidneybeans,
top common beans, train cucumbers and
gourds, earth up the leguminous crops and potatoes
; hoe, thin, and stir the surface wherever necessary,
among all descriptions of crops ; water, as
far as your time will permit, and particular crops
^'^^aktng crops. (3800.) Take up shallots, and dry
them for winter u s e : also rocambole and garlic
when ready. Gather ripe seeds and onions, and cut
herbs in blossom, drying and storing both. Gather
the fru it of young gourds for pies, stews, and pick-
Destroy insects, and ward off vermin. (2460.)
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant strawberries in the open gard en ; and in
pots for next winter’s forcing. (3297-)
Prune, train, thin, and regulate all the summer
shoots of wall and espalier trees, and dwarf and tall
standards. (2564.) . . . .
Routine cuUure. Hoe and weed fruit-tree borders.
Hang up nets, water and mulch where necessary.
Wa ter alpine strawberries, which wiil now
be in full bearing, every tliird or fourth day, unless
in a shady situation.
Destroy (2460.) insects: keepearwigs, ants, snails,
from the fruits, as cherries, k c . &c., which are approaching
to a state of ripeness.
' FTror...u..-OitT- r.?o_o_m_ . /(2fl1in9o2 .\) 'TrVhroiirst .w.Milill now be empty,
clean and wash every part of it, and air it well foi
occasional summer ancl next winter’s use.
r L 3