711 i
f t . l
m
371. The gardens o f Prince Metternich, at Johannisberg, on the Rhine, near Frankfort
(fig. 115.), were laid out for that prince in 1825, by M. Rinz, a nurseiyman at Fi*ank-
fort. The situation is near the Rhine, elevated, varied, and containing extensive
prospects. The following are details: —
oe, A projected temple on an elevated lite, wliicli is planted
with various trees ; as. Pinus, Pétula, Punipcrus, &c.
6, GroupofA'biesoanadénsis. ■ k- ,
c. Group ol Pinus 5trôbus.
fit. Dotted parts indicating mosses of flowers,
e. Elevated site, planted with Plâtanus orientàlia. Some
cedars of Lebanon are also plantc<l here; besides which
the garden is very rich in most kinds of American and
other fine shrubs and rare trees.
/ , An orchard of the beat esculent varieties of Pàgus Castànea.
g. View toward tho mountains and tho forest.
h, Meadows, over which are seen the mountains and the
forest.
i. View to tho vintp^arda.
k k, View to the vineyards oi
I, View to the vineyards, t
miles in the country,
in m. Vineyards. n, «, n. Terrace walls for vines,
0, Flower-garden round the palace. p p. Palace.
q, Chapel. r. Court of tho palace. a. Farm-yard,
t i, Kitchcn-garden. «, Orchard. v. Double avenue.
XXX, Public roads. {Gard. Mag., vol. vi. p. 32.)
SUBSECT. 2. German Gardening, in resq
ect to Botanic Gardens, and the Culture o f
ints o f Ornament
Flowers and Pic
_ 372. Floriculture was but little attended to in Germany previously to the introduction
of botanic gard en s; but, on the establishment of these, plants of ornament were
eagerly sought after in most of th em ; and the taste gi-adually extended, and continues
to spread, among wealthy individuals.
373. Botany, in Germany, has been considered an important pai-t of the endowment
of eveiy university; whence the number of botanical gardens in that part of Europe is
very numerous : they are generally rich in such plants as will live without any artificial
protection, but poor in such as require a stove or greenhouse. The gardens of Berlin
and Schbnbmnn are, however, noble instances of perfection in all the departments of an
GERMAN GARDENS. 159
usofti and scicntiflc botanical collection. Tho catalogue of tho Berlin garden for
1825 onmneriites 5791 species, many of which are new. A t Schonhninn, celebrated as
he storehouse whence the Jaequins have for so long a time draivn their inexhanstible
treasures of botany, great additions have been making since the peace of 1814 bv the
construction of new hothouses, and the enclosui-e of a larger quantity of CTomid.
1 f ™“™tans botanical collectors in various distant countries.
J. he late King of Bavaria, at whose private charge Drs. Spix and Maitius were for a lone
tune occupied m exploring tho riches of Brazil, did not cease to extend his patrom
ago to them after their retimi, but nobly proGdcd the means of maldng the world
acquainted with the result of their discoveries, in a manner equally w'oithy of the monarch
and the man of science. The work on Brazilian palms, by Dr. Martius, is one
ot the most splendid and perfect botanical productions the world ever beheld. It is
well known that the Prussian government, under the advice of Count Altonstcin, has
also long mamtamed collectors not only in Brazil, which seems to be a favourite
F t a u 7 German princes, but also at the Cape of Good Hope and in the Isle of
374. The firs t puhlic botanic garden in Germany, according to Deleuze (Annalesdu
Muséum, tom. vm.), was established by the Elector of Saxony, at Leipzig, in 1680 • this
magistrate having imdertakcn the reform of public instruction throughout his domiions.
Those of Giessen, Altorf, Eintel, Ratisbon, Ulm, and Jen a soon followed In 1605
Jungermann, a celebrated botanist, obtained one for tho university which the landgrave
had jiist founded at Giessen. After having disposed of it, he went to Altorf, and solicited
the same favour for this city. The senate of Nm-cmherg agreed to his wishes in
1620, although tho country was then a prey to the disasters of war. Jungermann
named professor, gloried in the prosperity of an university which he looked upon as hi!
work, and in 1635 he pubhshed tho catalogue of the plants he had collected Ten
years afterw^ds they constructed a greenhouse, and the garden of Altorf (pref. to the
Nuremberg Hesperides) was then the most beautiful in Germany. That which Ernest
count of Schauenburg established in 1621, at Rintcl in Westphalia, also acquired
much celebrity. Those of Ratisbon and Ulm are of the same epoch. From 1555,
when the university of Jen a was founded, tho professors of botany, during the summer
season, took the students to the country to lierhalisc. They soon found it would bo
much more advantageous to collect in one place the plants they wished them to be
acquainted with, and the government constructed a garden in 1629. The direction of it
was given to Rolfinck, who has left a curious work on plants, containing a history of the
principal gardens of Europe of his time.
375. In Austria and Hungary the principal botanic gardens are those of Schon-
hrimn and Pestìi. There are also near Vienna those of Ecnnwcgg (a private garden of
the emperor), Laxenburg, Hctzcndorf, the Burg-garten, and the Belvedere ; tho last
contaming a complete collection of Austrian plants. There is also the garden of the
university, winch is considered next in rank to the imperial botanic gardens, and which
has been lately greatly enlarged and enriched by the addition of many new plants.
hfrm fc garden m s iKgm, with th e palace, in 1763, hy the Emperor Francis I. lie
eîraîfa th a ‘ cstahlishmont should bo worthy of the imperial magnificence, and that it should
extend the domain of botany m hrmgmg together vegetables then unknown in Europe. By the advice
ÿ Van Swielcn, he procured two celebrated florists, the one from Leyden and the other from Delft
Th e first, Adrian Steckhoven, directed the construction of tho hothouses; and th e second, Van dor
Schott, brought all th e plants which he could collect In the gardens and nurseries of Holland Thus
th é ‘.“ to " f i f in possession of many curious species; hut this was only a step towards the end
they had m view. The Emperor proposed to the celebrated Jacquin to go lo th e Antilles. - ‘ re v4rew f tt a n i s t d e p a rte d jn 1754,accoini3anie(i bv Van der SCr^ehl-rèe«A;A a ndJ" tàw o “ 'lTtva ìì1 a. /"zèèfo-g ^^.^ ^.
pCrao cxuriLrere rea nAi moalrs» ?fo r t hAe- mOeAn ai 3 and T the mus_eum. These iu c s e travellers visited Martinique, Grenada,
St. Vincenq ft.E u s ta *tia , St. Christopher,• A ■ *.Jamaica,Pfl tvi til refi I^Cuba,ITlVre Curacao,/~'..v.iiiiveuerB rererere visiceu and re—J other _AT — _places.l _ - . _ T In .175,5 _ - - thev
.,
UG Pftkages, and in 1756 Van der Schott arrived with a collection of trees and shrubs^
almost all in good condition. The trees were five or six feet high, and manv had already borne frnit •
they were taken up with balls, and the earth enveloped with leave's of bananas, tied by shrJds of underbark.
Thus p ftk ed , th e fte r a g e weight of each was about 100 lbs. These plants and th e water
^ c e s s a ry for thein, formed the greater p a rt of the cargo of a vessel which had been forwarded from
Martinique to Leghorn. From Leghorn th e plants were tranyiorted on the backs of mules and placed
in the plain ground in Uie hothouses bu ilt to receive them. The third and th e fourth quantities came
m the same manner. a rm e d from/a ra c c a s,_ ft^ At last Jacquin left
Havvftnah, and conducted to S ch ftb ru n n the last collecUoTin 17%
p u rfta se s were received from other countries; and. in proportion as th e plants increased t h iy b S l t
I277/0w f®ee®t l/o ng, and 30 feet high w ith in ; another above 300 feet long, atnod garboowu ti nt h«e> esmam. eO hneeie rhJtn -g aen ids
th T /K / t a o'f T w i If® feet long. An accident, in 1780, caused the loss of m^st of
f t e plants of the great hothouse. Van der Schott being sick, th e gardener who supplied his place
'’»ry cold night, to ight the stoves. Perceiving it in the morning, he t h o u g K
remedy the evil by making a very brisk fire. This sudden change of temperature caused many of the
trees f t perish, the trunks of ftm e of which were of the thickness of the arm. To r e p a ^ ih i s loss!
^ nftura lists to undertake a new voyage. Professor Master was named chief of
tlie expedition,n with f D t r r.. Stupiez Stupiez for for a a companion;companion;
the gardeners Bose and Bredemeyer, and the drafts-
man Moll. They went direct to Philadelphia, visit--------------------------- „„ „ „ „ „ „o v io e n c e
1^0? i i i / ' ' ' n Philadelphia, visited the United States, Florida, and New Providence, s e n t h o m e a l a r ere c o l l e r t io n . a n d R o c o nftrerzTt n Ad C trreA reV..,re.rre —c au * — a re r. _ i. ...... . . *
. “ r e r o “ ‘‘“ ’' “''»s got charge o fth e garden of Schonhrunn. (Toumson’i
l ia v e u , 8cc.) Of late years this collection has been greatly increased by the present director, Brede