556
bv manual labour But instead of the bucket of clay, three books are atta,ehed to the
e ? of the lifting rope, and these are fastened to the roots of any tree which it may be
desired to teai-out of the soil, (fioo Hunter s Evehjn s bylva.) . . .
1914 SauVs machine fo r transplanting large trees or shrubs (fig. 515.) consists of a
polo iixed on wheels with two irons of a particular description. A trench having been
duo“ round the tree to be removed, one of the irons (a a) is placed on one side of its
baS and then the thi-ee rods (b b b) are passed through the iron, and into the holes m
the iron on the opposite side of the ball. A plank is then laid across the trench, to support
the wheels of the di-aught-pole (c), until the hooks (d) catch into the holes in the top
of a Tliis being done, and the draught-pole (c) draivn down, the tree with its ball is
raised out of the pit, and, when secured by a rope, may be conveyed with ease to the
place of replanting. The rope is fastened to the end of the lines over the axle-tree, passed
round the ball of the tree under the machine, secured to the cross-piece (e), and thence,
if necessary, extended up to the stem of the tr e e : great steadiness is thus produced.
When the tree is brought to the hole prepared for it, the rope is removed, and the
draudit-heam, or lever, is raised until the iron frame (fonned h y a a, h b b) rests on tlie
bottom of the h o le ; the machine is then disengaged from the irons (a a), ana dijven
b a c k ; the iron rods (h b b) with the frons (a a) being withdrawn. The filling in ot the
soil now completes the transplantation. _ ^ , 4.1
1915. Jesse’s tree lifter. This apparatus is formed of two pieces of mon, the breadth
,1 516 A ^
and thickness of a common cart-wheel tire, tlnec or four inches wide, rather more than
half an inch in thickness, and about six feet long, bent as shown in fig. 516. c, ivhich
will reduce them to three feet across. This size will do for trees requiring from two to
four men to lift them ; but a size larger, and stronger in proportion, will be wanted for
trees requiring more men to move them. The earth must bo excavated at some distance
from the tree, so as to leave a large ball of earth attached to i t ; and the frons mnst be
put under the baU. of earth as ncai* the centre as possible, leaving a space between them
of about two feet, or for larger trees a little more. Two strong poles must then he passed
through the hooks in the frons, so as to form a complete hand-ban-ow. The tree (a ) may
be then readily lifted ; and cross levers, as shown at b, may he used for larger trees. The
Avhole may be fixed or unfixed without any loss of tim e ; and it requires no tying, as there
is no danger of the tree slipping off the frons.
1916. The hydrostatic press may he, to the same purpose as the German devil,
Avith incompai-ahly greater effect. The only difficulty is in finding a proper and convenient
fulcrum; that done, this engine Avill root out the largest trees. I t is successfully
employed by engineers in dxaAving piles and gate-posts, and in raising stones, &c. (See
Nicholson’s Arch. D ie t, art. Hydrostatic Press.)
_ 1917. The orange-tree diable (fig. 517.) Avas invented by M. VaUet, nurseryman, Rouen,
in the time of Louis XIY. I t has no axle-tree reacliing across from the one hind
wheel (a) to the other (b). When the roller (c) and the bar ( / ) are removed, the
machine can he set back, so as to include a box or tub in the central space between the
fom- Avheels ; the roller (c) being replaced, the ropes (d d) are put under the hooks of; or
by other means fastened to, the tub or box, which, hy four handspikes, worked in the
roller (c c) by fom- or more men, is raised six or eight inches from the p-ound, or as high
as the axle, if necessary, and then carted to where it is to he set doAvn. The bar behind ( f )
is movable, aud is replaced and fastened by two fron pins after the can-iage is charged.
There are several other macliines for movmg orange trees, but though they ai-e common
in France, they are rarely used in England.
1918. The garden seed-separator is a small portable tlu-eshing-machine, on Meikle’s
prmciple, but fed, in Lee’s manner, from a hopper, and with a AvinnoAving-machine
either under, or connected Avith it.
1919. The essential machines o f garden labour may be considered the wheelbaiTOW,
roller, and hand forcing-pump.
Stjbsect. 2. Machines fa r destroying Vermin, and fo r Defence against the Enemies o f
Gardens.
1920. O f machines fo r entrapping or destroying vermin, and fo r the defence o f gardens,
there are but few. All of them, Avith thefr modes of operating, are referable to commonly
understood mechanical and chemical principles, and to certain instincts and propensities
of animated beings, which it is unnecessary to detail.
1921. Machine-traps fo r man are of two species, the common and the humane.
1922. The common man-trap is a rat-trap on alarg e scale, differing fi-om it onlyin the
mode of settin g ; the former being baited and left loose, and the latter not beiug baited,
but fixed to the ground hy a chain. This is a barbarous contrivance, though rendered
absolutely necessai-y in the exposed gardens ai-onnd great towns. Rs defect is, that ip
severity defeats its oavu pm-pose; for though kept and exposed to Anew in many places in
the daytime, yet few venture to set them at n ig h t; aud hence intruders, calculating on
this humanity, enter, and commit their depredations, in spite of these machines.