w m /
i l »
roiii... Wrtr. with thooxociition of a very small number, remnvcii from the white eurraut trees, as soon as
t l b ta £ i t e k l c “ t e those which icmaiucd were ileurlvcd of thcir stamens whilst immature and
(H o r t. T ra n s ., vol.
■ 'Airaho sorts arc very hardy, will grow freely and bear plentifully w S f e i f e f e d f e i i d - r - s f , e f . e t o f e t 1 e ^ b 1 ' i . t 1 o l II-_t o i r-..;-r m a y Krt t e t rtlvy.e a lu si.a/o svl d early!tt iIn »t Juno lnnAityi/iiid a1l m.July,11o11s vt aiid
faltniryl
wncie, aimoin uptn .uk _ succession till October. As to soil, the currant gcncraUy does well i-
? » S S ‘f e » f e S : ' » 5 » S t e » ó ; : ; ; t f e ; t e a r ; t e g f y t e c f y p i u a s t r „ u g l t a . m , t a
clay smn/what moist; the earlier in a sandy light mould, which is not poor. 1 rcvious to planting, the
® T ¥ ptaiitiiig on a d r , soil is any lime, in open weather, from the fall
of th e ’le-ii till February or March. Flants expected to bear the Ibllowiug summer are b e ¿ moved in
oVtobm unless fo / S oW d be wet in winter. Allot a competent supply of standard bus les, to be planted
chieily hi tlie kitchcn-garden, in a single row round the mam /ft*" t l U n rd is /íl'ít h / t l e í i í ?
somc in cross rows, to divide extensivecompartments. PUmt them from '
To raise larae sum lies, full plantations are formed in parallel rows, with nitoivals between the rows ol
ftft n iT o ft Inc b?t trees in each vow of G ft! Where convenient, have also some choice sorts
?. l in t/ / c / im i diifcrent .aspects, to obtain early <uul late fruit m pqrlcction ; some
against a south exposure, forr% e¥a rly pnrrooddnuccttiioonn?; Ootthheerrss on cast, west, and north walls, tor intcrmcchate
succession and late fruit. Plant them a t 6ft_._,_8ft., or 10ft. disfom
............; lotting them occasioimlly fill up
the v.acant spaces between other wall trees
The br.anches should be allowed to advance from near the
bDtfnm ami be traineu in a nouny uoriAuntal direction from 3iii. to Gin. asunder. Before iiailmg
branches thus will not overspread the ground. Being kept moderately thin and icguLir, tlicy will bear
" f e t o S f e u f e bea t tl.c fn ill, both on tbe young " t e ta ouc^^two,
ars’ grow th ; and ou the older branches, from small spurs, .and /foL®
n toll
;■ ;liir
and t-hrec vears’cvowth;irom smaii auu bh. k» amt.K v “-
SSntin.i/ s ? v S yca/s fru itfu l; hut the fruit procluccd on the last year’s shoot is ahvays finest, especially
wlum the old mother bearers have borne more than four years. , fo., ..r«
aann p.iDiin-r The chief part o fth e future culture is seasonable pruning. After Ihopl.mts are fur-
nished'with full^hc.ads they produce m.any superfluous and disorderly shoots every summer, crowding the
/¿ n c /a l b S ra r s so as to ra q iire ratrenchi^ ancl roguUition. both (n the young growths ot the year and
Mcler wood. The season for the capital pruning is w inter; but a rau aiffi’foF ft/m th^^
to thin the superfluous shoots of th e year where too crowded, and excluding th e sun and air tiom the
4»)! 1» May or June cut out close the most irregular shoots rising m th e centre
of th c tre e , with all th e cross and w.atcr-shoots, to admit more freely the
and sun, and promote the growth of the fruit, ami improve its llavour. Also twist off all i oot-suckers as
‘' ' S f e f e t e i - p m n in g i •' This oxtctals both to the oM iiml young ivooil; the time for It is when the
plant is at rest Of the shoots of the preceding summer, cut out the cross -placed and the othei wise irre gular,
with those which are not w.antecl for vacancies; but superfluous
iioAvn tn short stubs or artlficl.al spurs, about 4 m. long, so as to leave an eye or two, m qruc.r th at tnc.y
m.ay send out fruit-shoots ancl spurs. With regard to the old b e a rd s , take .away those J
nr ipttiiiB unfruitful or of which the fruit is declining m size; reduce any ot cxeetyive length, pinning
in to some well-pl.aced lateral young shoot, to preserve the head withm some regular compass ; cut out
Ssc! .any d c S c c F c i paris ; ratain a competency of the finest best-p aced now shoots ¿ o v e ¿ d
!%<.inw vncant narts to come ill for succosslon-al bearers, or to supply the places oi defective old wood ,
shnots mav be cut to short snags, 1 m. or 2in. long, .also for fruiting. Hu n out spurs on tbe oiii
branches w!erc very thick. As the old fruit-branches decline bearing, or decay, cut tlic*m awi^, taking
care to provide young ones in succession; and tlms keep the trees iuianshed wfth
branches, ancl aflvandng young bearers in a regular open ^ in ., 8 n or to im a t the
pxtrcmities • circuniscribiiig the general he.ad within the height of J ft. or 4 ft., oi a lt. at racity.
4.593. Macdonald, .at Dalkeith House, Neill observes, ‘‘ Iri/rafrl/f th/>rifo
deal depends on the w.ay in whicli he manages the bushes, espcicially during
nriines the bushes a t the usu.al season of mid-wmter, shortening the last year s shoots down to I in. or
Fj in. Next summer th e plants show plenty of fruit, and at the s.ame time ^
?nnn a? theherrips bpirin tocolour, lie cuts off the summc'r shoots to within -iin. or (nn. bc-loro the Unit.
This is commonly clone with the garden-shciars, with which a man may ¿ ' ¿ . f
a d.av Sun ancl air thus get free access, .and more ot the vigour of tlic dant is clirec.tocl to the li uit , t le
hcrru-s are found not only to b cof higher flavour, but karger than usual. It appqarfe Cafrd. ¿ -w .,
vol 11 ) that Macdou.ald had used the knife for his summer pruning till within two years. Wc.
WP rogrct to hear o f the lyitroduclioii of tbe shears Into th e kitchon-gardoii, and osnocial y mt lh.it o t
Konniiiciif A nrnnrictor who Ought to set an example ol order, iirogrcss, ancl perfection, .md not ot
re v ilin g random work,’ for th e sake of economy. It would certainly be better to employ women ancl
w n ll- tr e n . esptafe.x, n n d f u n s f t e n . ; * , tvlthont support (he sarne eourse of snmmer t e
winter pruning is aprlicable.with the obvious variations required by tlicir figure. In tr.aining w.ill trees,
two branches are led in a horizont.d direction along tlie bottom oi thew.all or trellis, perhaps hall .a foot
from the surfaceof the earth, and the growth from these of all upright shoots, which will admit ol being
amanged a t the distance of .5in. or Cin. from each othor. is encouragcicl.
459.5 Inse c ts, &c. The red currant often suffers from the ravages ot the blaek
and white caterpill.ar {/ig. 8UG. a ) of the gooseberry moth ( Abraxas grossiilariata
L e a ); these m a y be crTulicated by hand-picking. The shoot-tops are likewise
inf'csted bv a small aphis (A. rlbes. L . ) , which causes the leaves to contract ancl
tu rn red, and the fruit to lose its flavour: these may be in part destroyed by hot
w.ater. or bv the application of lim e ; but much more effectually by cutting away
the top shoots. A third enemy is the larva of the -iEgirm /ipuhformis L . , or
currant clear-winged sphinx {Jig. 808.), and cannot be so easily rem o v ^ ;_it iicm--
forates down to the pith, .and its presence can only be known by th e clunimshcd
sizeof the fruit. Mr. Kirby also alludes to a species oi coccus, very m uch rcscm*
ra ra low d larar’ currant: its eggs are of a beautiful pink, .and arc
fol intotofen., fo 1 ^ cotbm-Iiko wc‘b. Whenever this insect appears, it may be subdued hv
iré r ré';® branches with a hard brush. ^
their fo o v /ltml devoured by earwigs, which take shelter under
v lr Fl with r / / l ré ‘ f ’ bundles of bean-stalks sliould be hung up some time before the bushes are co-
froin th^i l h Z c U ^ A P o. I / / ^ to this, the fruit will generally suffer very much
th/FarwiV? fo/F f ■ ^ 't e r the bushes are covered, take th e mats off oncc in threo or four days, and kill
fr / H „ bean-stalks, which it will be necessary still to keep hung up. As there
them frcim ra in .” bean-stalks which attracts the earwigs, they very readily take shelter in
v a / S •“ ripening fruit comes in for sm.all gathering in June, ad-
! / t f o i X T K S i / ¿ F ré 4 >» perfection till the end of August : or if trees in a full exposure
m r i l i i from birds and the fuli sun with garden-mats, or protected with nets where they grow
/ / / Ï , / till September o r October.” Gather in a di y^staF!
Ar,, j f f 'veather tlioy lose their flavour. (Aberci-ombie.) ^ ’
e a rl/ i? u Z Z , Y Y currants by forcing, let some good bearing trees, in pots, be placed as
¿ id MÏy ^ 1'ebruary, m any common forcing department: they will produce ripe fruit in April
SujiSECT. 7. Jiaspberry. — Riibiis idoe'us L. (Eug. B o t 2442.) ; Icosdn, Bohn. L. and
ixo^ccÆ J. Framboisier, Fr. ; Ilmbeerestraucli, Gcr.; Framhoos, Du.; liovo ideo
Ital. ; and Frambueso, Span, ’
4599. The raspberry plant is a native of Britain, and not uncommon in woods in low
moist situations. The iruit is grateful to most palates, as nature presents it, bnt sugar
improves the llavour ; accordingly, it is much esteemed when made into sweetmeats, and
lor jams, tarts, and sauces. It is fragrant, subacid, and cooling ; allays heat and thirst
and promotes die natural excretions in common with other summer fruits. It is much
used m distilling, to make cordial spirituous liquors, liasiibcny syrup is next to the
strawberry m di^olvmg the tartar of the teeth ; and as, like that iruit, it does not undcr-
paticnts^^*^^'^^ iermentation iu tho stomach, it is recommended to gouty aud rheumatic
dfiOO. T h c h c s t va rie tie s arc —
I%- lininct, Cornwallis’s prolific, Cornwallis’s
eccdlmg, Cornwallis’s rod,
iKu-gc^roil, Lord Exnioutli’s. {I‘om.
3. Red Antwerp, Largo red Antwerp,
For
Biirlcy. I,a(o-liearing Antwerp. Kne-
vi'tt’s Antwerp, rrainboisier rouge à
gros fruit. Man. f. 2-1.)
. Jc£ioii> AnUcei-p, WUito Antwerp,
4()ül, Selection o f sorts.
p. « 8 .)
G, Cornish.
7. Superb.
8. irüOíÍTrnrd'í red globe.
9. Doulle-bearing, Red doiihlc-bearing.
Perpetual bearing, Siberian, Lato
small garden Mr. Lindlcy recommends 2, 3, 4. G, and 9. {Guide , 4-c.
th to oM u f e r T f e l " " » b y y o u n g su c k c r-sh o o ls ris in g p le n te o u s ly from
With ro o ts fnF / i i l iu F ‘^ 4 ®®*^Pfrted one s e a so n ’s g row th , th e y a r e p ro p e r to det.ach
4 ft a f Ipn/Mvl/F ¡ i i l *' P«ssibfr‘. to have the rows extend from east to west. These should be
t r a ' t i i mn 5®P(>®sing one row only can be allotted to each sort, .and th.at six row?
fo / rt/Jrt \ •.? T^T ®” ? ^’}® Pbintation, then the first or north row mav be planted with the Gornisb
¿ f e t a ! P Sill f ° ° re Onide to the i f e l
4G05. G en e ra l tr e a tm e n t. “ After the stools arc (■stablislicd, if fruit of the largest site be reoiiirpil ra re
rnust be taken to select the strongest canes, and a few of these only from each nlant in nronortion 'to it?
ssmmaal?l fssttaakke/ t*oS eia!fcoh . /I/ oor' general purposes stakes oarreig uinnanln ehceeigsshatr: vt haess teh srheeo ufloiu bre fsivupp poorr ted singly by a riv o-mo? from
d f r c e S / wfoich W i n t h c i r tip en d s: this may be done so as to give each canc a bowlike
aira ition, i\ liith will give much more room for their later.als to grow, than if tied un in a moro nonionHi
bF /FoTo/TmFfo, • f ®f this verv favourite fruit must ahvays bedesir.able in thcdesseFt, It m.ay
frw [¡¡¡b /fo f Ff 4 -i cutting down some of the stools wholly to within a
l / nfoFii?/,F/nw£i / " h’ . of leaving the canes a t four filths of their length. This operation may
ly pr.u tisqcl upon both the red and the yellow Antwerp, as well as unon several of the other varieties
¡v / f f F g®ofi crops ot Irint may bo obtained in August. The double-bearing varieties should have
Fm! ! r ‘ 4 annua ly: these will furnish an abundance of fruit as late as September
the i F? Z Y I Z 4 1 ^® hnest and best of these fruits .are, in all cases
the pioduec ol strong and well-ripcued canes, it becomes necessary that the stools should have every Î!
I:
i i i i i
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ii it a
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