iaponicinii in w ts , ¡irotectoil by agre cn lio u seo rg ard cn -framo ,
o u t h e tliinks tliej' th rive best in the Conner, lie iilaces tlic
b u lb In 2.1-siz.o«l pois, imt lower ttian an incli from th e surface
of the mould, wluch is composed of ab o u t two th ird s peat an d
one th ird loam, th e bottom o f tlie pot being covered, to the
dep th o f 2 in ., with b roken pieces of tile an d tlie rougii siftings
of lieat. Th e p lants are kejit entirely from frost, an d aro
watered very little wlieii in a do rman t state, for th ey are then
very imp a tien t of w tt in excess. Tlio pots k ep t in th e greenhouse
are placed a t a distance from the flue, to prevent tlie
mould dry in g quickly, ( //o r í. ÎVatis., vol. iv. p. 5.j4 .) Brooks
grows in a b rick tiit, M iiich he can cover with mats ov glasses
a t pleasure ; b u t h e says, it “ appears to be siifftcientlynardy
to enduro o u r winters, as I have had a bed of thorn two years in
r n gro u n d w ithout protection.” ( Ilo rl. Trans., vol. i
pV s s ï.'j1 ■fe. tïgri'i ium, nq 'wa c om mon sp ecies, is most vig-o--r-o-us
auil b e autiful when growing in h e a th mould.
5-125. The amaryllis, lis-narcisse. Tr. -, narcissenlilie, Ger.
andyiff/i
Mcu
■yllis,narcisse,Fr.;;
larcisso, Ita l., is a splendid genus, lately subdivided
of Nerine, Cobiirgio, an d Brunsvigm (seo Bol.
select flowc.. . . . . . . .............................
stove plants, an d natives of the Capo o f Good Hope, Chi
South America. Various hy b rid s of th is family, of
groat
beauty, have been produced b y H erb ert, Sweet, Gowei
others. (Hort. Trans., vol. iv. p. 48B., &c.) New sorts, as
in sim ila r cases, aro p rocured b y se ed ; b u t tlie most usual
mode, as few of tliose plants have riijcnod th c ir seeds in tlus
co untry, is b y offsets from th e flowering bulbs, removed yearly,
o r every tim e the bulbs are tak en o u t o f tlie ground. The
g rea t a r t in cultivating these, and a ll o th e r bulbs. Is to p rocure
vigorous leaves, as on these depend tlie q u a n tity of n u tritive
m a tte r pi-eparcd an d deposited in th e bu lb , a n d coneoquently
its a b ility to flower the following season. Th e circuinstaneo
o f several o f these plants, as tlie Guernsey lily, llowcring ill
the a u tum n , an d producing th e ir leaves afterwards u n d e r the
disadvantages of a winter’s sun, is tlie reason why tliey have
been h itlicrto oiiltivatetl witii so little success iu tliis country,
au d wliy wo arc obliged to im p o rt th e bulbs an n u a lly from
o th e r countries. Th e observations o f K n ig h t on tin s subject
a ro p a rticu la rly v a lu ab le ; tlioy more immediately refer to
tlie Guernsey Illy, b u t th ey are eq u ally apjilicable to all
exotic bulbs. “ Bulbous roots increase in size, a n d proceed
in acq u irin g powers to produce blossoms, o n ly d u rin g tlie
periods iu winch th ey have leaves, an d in which sueh leaves
a rc exposed to lig h t; an d these organs always ojierate most
omcicntly when they are young, an d havo ju s t attain ed th e ir
fu ll growth. Tlte b u lb o f th e Guernsey lily, as i t is usually
cultiv a ted in th is co untry, rarely produces leaves till September,
o r tlie beginmng o f October, a t which period, the
q u an tity o f lig h t afforded b y o u r climate is probably q u ite
insufllcicnt for a plaut, which is said to be a n a tiv c o ftliew a n n
a n d b rig iit climate of J a p a n ; an d before th e re tu rn o f spring,
its leaves a rc necessarily grown old, and nearly o u t of oflice,
even wlien tliey have been safely protected from frost th ro u g h
tlic winter. I t is, tliorefore, n o t ex trao rd in ary , tlia t a bu lb of
th is species, which h a s once cxpeu<lcd itself in affording flowers,
siunvlcl b u t very slowly recover th e power of blossoming again.
Considering, therefore, tho deficiency of lig lit an d h e at, owing
to the la te period of its vegetation, aa th e cliief cause why tliis
p la n t so often fails to produce fiowers, I in ferred th a t no th in g
more would be required to make it blossom, as freely;
tt least.
IS i t does in Guernsey, th a u such a slight degree of
OT OT.,________ r - - - -ufflcientto
bulbs vegetate a few weeks earlier th a n usual in the
a u tum n . E a rly iu th e summer of 1816, a bulb, which had
blossomed in th e preceding au tum n , was subjected to such a
degree of artiflcial lieat, as occasioned i t to vegetate six weeks,
o r more, e arlie r th a n It would otherwise have done. I td id not,
o fcoursc, produce any flowers; liul iu th e following season it
blossomed e arly and strongly, and afforded two offsets. 1 hese
wore p u t, in tlic spring of 1818, into pots, contaimng about
one e ig h th of a square foot of lig h t an d rich mould, an d were
fed with m an u re d water, an d th e ir period of vegetation was
again accelerated by artificial heat, Tiioir leaves, consequently,
grew yellow from ma tu rity , e arly in th e present spring, wlicn
tlic ¡lots were jilaccd in ra th e r a stiady situation, an d near a
n o rtli wall, to afford me an o p p o rtunity of observing to wliat
extent, in such a situation, the e arly production o f th e loaves
in th e preceding season had changed tlio h a b it of th e plant. I
en terta in ed no doubt b u t th a t b o th tlic bulbs would afford
blossoms, b u t I was m u ch gratified by tlie aiipearancc of tho
blossoms in th e flrst week in Ju ly . From th e success o f the
preceding exiierimcnt, 1 conclude th a t if th e offsets, an d pro-
t,nw.. fi.ro bulbs, of tills p lan t, whicli have produced flowers,
n a moderate hotbed, in tlie en d of May, to occasion
•reduction of th e ir leaves, blossoms would be constan
tly aflordod in th e following season; b u t it will be expedient
to h ab itu ate the leaves, th u s produced, grad u a lly to
be p
tlie open air, as soon th ey aro ne arly fu lly grown, a n d to
p rotect tliera fronj^apjiroach of
moro heat. 1 tiave obtained seed from the Gnernsoy lily hy
pro curing the blossom early ill an a iry situ atio n .”
Herb ert recommends i . . . . .
witliout any
m an u re ; b u t he th in k s __ ^ ^ ...................
compost, whicli does n o t canker tlioir bulbs. They should bo
planted p a rtly above ground, for th e wet e arth ro u n d th e ir
necks will prevent th e ir flowering o r tliriving, an d will oven
sometimes destroy them.” (Ifo rt. Trans., vol. iv. p. 177.)
Th e samo trea tm en t, with very few exceptions, lie ad<U, suits
th e w hole of th e bulbs Incluiled u n der Amaryllis, as well as a
n um b e r o f o th e r allied genera, as lliemán th u s, /•’aneràtiuiii,
Agapáiitluis, &c. Some species of these genera, as Amarvlli.«
longifòlia W. a n d Crioiiin nsi.áticum Box., are natives of d ry
ditches th a t coinnniiiicatc a t certain seasons witli tlie water of
th e rivers in Bengal, where tliey root deeply iu th e mud.
These species, a n d some otliers, H erb ert found to succeed
perfectly when plunged d u rin g summer in a jioiid. “ Most
of tlie crinums,” lie says, ” aro swamji plants, o r grow in
river-mud, an d siiould bo cultivated iu o u r stoves, witli a pan
o f water u n d e r tiicm, th e bulbs being raised above th e earth,
a n d strippctl o f a ll dead integuments. Agajiántlius iimbol-
litu s flowers best wlien so treated ; tho Ama ry llis longifolia
[which, lie says, should be uamwl Crinum capense] will,” he
lias no doubt, “ flower as a iiardy aquatic, if p lan ted in any
pond o r riv e r of 2 ft. water, not liable to freeze a t the bottom.”
(Hor t. Trans., vol. iii. p. 188.)
5428. Sweet, one of th e most successful cultivators of Inil-
bous-rooted hothouse plants, observes, th a t tlio hy b rid s aro
in general more h a rd y , an d flower more readily, th an tlic
o riginal species. Wlu-n in Colvill’s nursery, h e taisetl many
h undreds o f hybrids, and th e following was his mclliod of
treatment. Th e bulbs, h aving been grown in frames aii<l pits
all tlie summer, were removed to tlie hotliouse in a u tum n
wlicn th ey h a d ceased growing. T h ey were then la id on
shelves in th e iioiiso, an<l, aa th e leaves an d roots beft.an to
decay, tliey were cleared away, tlia t th ey mig h t not in ju re
th e bulbs. As soon as th e bulbs became d ry an d h a rd , somo
of tliem began to show flower, an d o thers continued to <lo so
all tlie win te r an d spring, seldom being less th a n a hun d red ,
sometimes two o r three h u n d red in flower together, ivlien
scarcely an y o th e r p lan t was in bloom. As soon as lliey show
for bloom thoy should be potted, an d th e sooner th e better, as
th ey draw u p weak, and do n o t flower so well, i f allowed to
rem a in too long a fte r showing bloom : as soon as potted, tliey
m u st be placed in tlie hothouse, giv in g th em b u t little waior
a t first, b u t os th e pots get fllled w ith roots th ey will req u ire
a g reater supply. Th e sorts th a t succeed best in tu rn in g ou t
a re A, regìnEc, crocàta, acum in à ta , rù tila ,fù lg id a , psitiacina,
au d vittàta, nnd a ll tb e hybrids th a t liavo been producetl from
them. A. aulica, c aly p trà ta, solandrce/ój-n, au d reticu là ta ,
do n o t lik e tu rn in g out so well, a .I.t. .i..s. ..t.h...e..i.r.. .n...a..t.u...r..e.t.o c o n tir
as thi
•in frost till th e api>roach o f sj)ri..„.
542C. TheBev.TV. IKi/iiamstTOhasadoptadthesamerationalc
as Kn ig h t ; and, with the aid of a glass frame, witliout a rtificial
lieat, brouirht bulbs whicli h a d flowcreil in to a state to
fluwer again a fte r two winters. Had lie applied artificial heat,
h e tliin k s one winter m ig h t p robably have been sufflcient.
(Hoi-l. 'Trans., vol. iii. p. 450.)
5427. 'T/ie Hon. an d Rev. W. Herbert has found a similar
tre a tm e n t attended with oorrcspoiKling success. lie says, the
only a ttention wliicli th e Guernsey lily requires hero (Spof-
fo rth , Yorkshire), is to give i t sufflcicnt a ir whilo tlie li>aves
a re growing, th a t th ey m ay be strong an d d a rk-coloured ; to
protect th e loaves from frost, keeping tlio pots n e ar the lig h t,
i f u n d e r g la ss; to givo a moderate an d reg u la r supply of
water, au d to leave tlie bulbs nearly d ry , from th e tim e the
leaves decay, th a t is, ab o u t midsummer, a t latest, to tlie end
o f A ugust, when th e flower-buds should appear. I f th e bulbs
a re not loft d ry e arly in th e summer, th e au tum n al shoot will
b e delayed til l th e season becomes too cold for th e proper
erowth of th e flowers or loaves, an d th e n a tu ra l course and
vtKour o f th e p lan t w ill be in te rru p ted , after which i t wUl re-
tiuiro a t least a year to rep a ir tlio in ju ry i t w ill have received.
V h en e v er the sprouting of th e b u lb is ta rd y , it sliould be
a.»»i8tcd by placing it, for a sh o rt time, in a warmer situation.
I f th e stigma does n o t expan.l so as to become, afte r a few days,
tvifld, i t 18 a sign th a t tiie temp era tu re is ratlicr too low to sun
the p lan t, an d the leaves will probably n o t pu sh freely without
them flower, except an y get sickly, o r th e mould gets
soddenixl in th c ir pots ; tlioy shoultl tlieu be la id by to d ry for
a coiisidorablo time, or th ey will be apt to rot. By lay in g tlie
bulbs to d ry in th is way, a fa r g rea ter n umber may be grown
th a n could by an y o th e r means : as, by th e ir being la id to dry
on sliolvos, other p lants can be grown in th e space th a t th ey
would occupy if kept in pots. A. reticu là ta an d striaiifùlia
succeed b est in lig h t tu rfy loam, mixed with saiul ; all the
otlior sorts wo And grow more freely in ab o u t one-half lig h t
tu rfy loam, r a th e r more th an a th ird of w hite saud, an d the
rest tu rfy jie at; th e use o f tho tu rfy soil is to keep i t from
bin d in g o r g e tting h a rd in the pots, wh k li it will do if sifted
fine; th e fibres in th e tu rfy soil also keep it open, th a t the
roots may pass read ily th ro u g h i t ; th e pots m u st also be well
drained with potslierds, tlia itlio moisture maypass off readily,
as n o th in g in jures bulbs so mucli as to be soddeuecl in the
pots ; tlio roots are also very fond of ru n n in g among th e small
poulierds. I t is a very bad jilan th a t is generally ailopted of
placing a piece of fiat tile or potsherd over th e liolc a t the
bottom of th e pot, for by th a t m eans, by continual watering,
tile hole gets as firmly closed as If corked u p , an d the water
remains in tlie jiot, soddeiling a n d souring th e mould, an d
very often occasioas the p la n t to rot. Tlie butter way is to lay
a hollow piece of potsiicrd ab o u t lialf way over the hole, then
to la y an o th er piece o r two against it, an d to fill u p all ro und
with a h a nd fu l o r two of potsherils broken small, according to
th e size o f th e pot, Seeds o f th is genus, as well as most other
bulbs, should be sown as soon as rijie, an d when ttic young
p lants a re a few inches h ig h , th ey m u st be potted off, c ither
singly o r several iu one p o t; i f a hotbed frame bo rc a d y to
receive them, a ll th e b e tter, as tliey will grow much faster iii
frames th an in tiio ho u se ; as soon as tiicir jiots are filled wltli
roots, sh ift them in to la rg e r ones, giving them th ree or four
sliifts in th e course of th e summer ; they will th en grow rapidly,
an d man y will flower a t twelve months old, p a rticu la riy
an y mules fi'om A. re ticu là ta o r strlatifolia.
6429. CrljitiJK a nd Vanci-iXtium. As ttie different species of
tliese g enera conflnuo growing a t all seasons of th e year, they
will succeed b e tter to b e k ep t in pots continuaUy, only shifting
them occasionally in to la rg e r ones, as th e others become
filled with roots, for th e m ore room th e roots have to ru n , the
finer th e flowers will be ; an d Crinum amàbile, if grown in a
large pot o r tu b , will produce its magnificent an d frag ran t
flowers fo u r times every year. T h ey will al! req u ire occasionally
to havo th e mo u ld a ll sliaken from th e roots, a n d tho
suckers tak en off, or otherwise tlicy will becomo unmanageable.
As tlicy are o f stronger a n d more vigorous growth th an
Amary^llft, th ey will req u ire ratlier a stronger soli ; some good
ricli loam mixed witli ne arly a th ird o f saud, an d a h ttle peat
to keep i t open, is tho b est soil for tho diftcrcnt sjiocle.s, also
b e ing careful to liavo th e pots well drain ed with jioMherds;
a n d if an y b u lb should chance to be g e tting rotten, or have
lost its roots, I t m u st be dried in th e way recommended for
Amairrfyelllliss.. AAnnyy ^yo--u--n-^g p la.n..t.s.. ..t..h..a...t. ..a..r..e.. .w....a..n..t.e. d to grow fast.
lid also be placed in a hotbed frame or p it in summer, an d
as soon as one pot ia fllled with roots, th e p lant should be shifted
in to a la rg e r o n e ; b y th a t means they will soon becomo
^Z<iZo4fia.-m<inlhus. Most of th e species aro greenhouse
plants, an d may be trea ted like Am a ry llis; b u t Hcemfinthus
inultitliiruB is a tender stove b u lb , which requires a g rea t heat,
an d particu la r care to grow a u d flower it well: tlio same soil
as rccoiiuuended for Ama ry llis is suitable to it, an d bulbs th a t
a rc fresh imported should be potted an d placed in a hotbed
trara e, b u t th ey will req u ire very little water u n til th-
made fresh ro ots; thoy w ill th en need a freq u en t supi
tlie-y will always req u ire a warm situation in th e he
an d care mu st bo taken not to w ater them over the lea'
very frequently gets in to th c ir h earts an d rots them ; t
son, we believe, of th e ir generally surviving so short
most collections, which is th ic e m mor.ore
to bo regretted, as they a
splendid flowering plants.
^ 3431. S c - >c - account ' o fth '
e culture o fth e Guernsey lily in the
ernsey is given b y Hr. Macculloch (Caled. Mem.,
vol. il. p. 62.) ; tliere tliey grow it in th e open air, an d protect
U with sand d u rin g winter.
o432. r/ic l'au'OE an d G/adio/t include a n um b e r of recently
lormed genera (see Hort. B r it.) of Cape bulbs, which m ay be
llowcred in th e ojien air, u n d e r framos with o u t bottom heat,
o r qn shelves near the glass in greenhouses. Th e Hon. \V.
H erb ert, who has paid g reat a ttention to th e cu ltu re of bulbs,
JS “ persuaded th a t th e African Gladioli wUl become g reat
t ^ q u n te s with florists, when tb e ir beauty in th e open border,
tn e ta c ility of th e ir cu llu re, an d th e endless variety whicli m ay
be produced from seed by b lending tlic several species, are
fu lly kuown ; n o r w ill they be found to y ield in beauty to the
tu h p an d ran u n cu lu s.” (Hort. Trans., vol. iv. p. 154.) They
n iay e ither be propagated by seed o r oftsot-bulbs : by th<
lo rin e r mode, H erb ert has produced numerous beautifu
varieties. The proper soil for tliese an d similar bulbs is peat
with sand ; an d in a bed of tliis compost the seeds should bo
sown in spring, an d w ell watered before an d a fte r they come
up. ‘ At the b eginning of October, or as soon as th e leaves
withor, the young bulbs sliould be taken up an d d r ie d ; they
may bo replanted a t any timo, placing thorn ab o u t 8 in. u nder
grouiul, to iirevcnt tlie frost rea cliing them. Nex t ye ar they
will generally Iiower.” Th e best way o f trea tin g Gladioli
whicli are to be flowered in pots is, whenever the bulbs
a rc potted, to plunge th e pots ab o u t 8 in. under g round In
bed of peat, and to raise th em nearer the surfece '
1 as th e very severe frosts
0 deep, an d to protect th
1. &c.
u w i th n
in spring,
n o t to plunge
3, leaves, rotten
54qo. Fonoa»oifi<;rôuK.oiM Irhfrce, and also O'xalis, La-
cb en à h a , Cÿclamen,nen, &&e.,e.,
may be successfully trea ted ’in
sim ila r ................
........... (Herbert, ia Hort. Trans.)
6434. The tuberose is a native of In d ia, whence it was flrst
bro u g h t to Europe about 1524, an d to England in 1629. I t
1.« generally cultivated in frames o r in the greenhouse, b u t in
warm situations will flower in the open air. Tlte tubers of th is
p la n t a re an n u ally imported from tlie warm provinces of
N o rth A m en ca an d Italy ,an d sometimes from G ermanyf Gard.
Mag., yql. i i . p, 4 0 9 .); b u t, lik e th e bulbs of the Guernsey
lily, might, by proper treatment, as Salisbury has proved, be
prq^cluced in this cou n try equally fit for flowering. There is
a double variety, which ia in most esteem, b u t both are
eq u ally fragrant. Tlie tubers arc p lan ted in pots o f sandy
loam in March or April, an d b ro u g h t forward in a hotbed or
liothquse n il th e flower-buds begin to ai>pear. The iilants
¿ 0 th en removed to th e grcengouse or the open air, o r to
halls or churches, as in Italy, where th e cooler temperature
p rocures a prolonged bloom. At Dropmore, clumps of the
,„.ro„.ro-.re.u..OT,------------- , ’ A p it4 f t.d e e p
--------------,-OT-OTOT. .™..OT.OT, an d on th is is
•fy witli proportic
tuberose
is filled
placed
:e are planted in th e pleasure-grounds,
u p 3 ft. with well-decomposed manu
. 1 ft. qf tu rfy loam w ith a small proportion oi si
T h e plants, having been forwarded to tlie h e ig h t of 6 iu
o 111. Ill irames, a rc thon tu rn ed o u t o f tho pots into tliese
flumps, wliere th ey a ttain th e he ig h t of from 4 ft. to Oft., and
muse th e ir d e lightful fragrance to a g rea t distance on every
lhapel
The
* '-•“•o“ --— .-..^.«.jOTOT iro. «K.vi.b ...».«.ICC oil — OT. i lie following is th e ¡irocess foTloived b y Salisbury, '
which h e produced, for man y years, in th e open a ir a t Cha
Allerton, flowering tubers eq u al to those imiiorted.
s ituation h e p referred was a d ry warm b o rd er; in tn is tie
made an excavation 2 ft. o r 3 ft. deep, an d of an y convenient
Iqiigtli anrl width ; ab out th e middle o f A pril, fie filled this
in t with fresh stable dung, an d covered it with lig h t sandy
e a r th ; th en on th e bed so formed, th e small la tera l tubers or
those from foreign tubers, o r from those which h a d flowered
in tin s cou n try the preceding year, an d been iircscrved th ro u g h
th e winter in sand, were pfanted a l 5 in. distance every way,
thq upper p a rt of th e tu b e r being ju s t covered w ith earlh. Tlie
bed was protected from n ig h tly frosts an d heavy rains, little
o r no water was given, b u t when tlie loaves wore I in. long, a
little fresh compost was adilcd to the surt'ace. In Ju n e aud
E in fu ll vigour, i t was watered
V ...--------— JJ jjj,^ jjj^ beginning
, when th e le a '
heg iu n in g o f December] thV d o c a y é d 'T é a v e s 'L Z /Z ré o v e d !
tlie bed was th a tch ed over 1 ft. th ick witli d ry straw, sloping
It well to th row o ff th e wet; o r covered witli a fr»rao an§
:L Uie tubers were taken up, preserving
th e ir fibres, an d packed in d ry sand in a c ella r where the
cold could n o t penetrate^ till April, when th o ir fibres being
sliortened m proportion to th c ir decay, an d a ll th e offsets
except one or two on each tu b e r being removed, tliey were
rep lan ted as before. A few strong tubers flowered in this second
ye.ar. In th e succeeding win te r tlie bed was th a tch ed as
before, an d in Feb ru ary th e tubers were tak en u p for forcing
r an y o f th e purposes for w hich tuberosc-roots a re growh.
Ky th is process tubers were produced equal, if n o t superior, to
those imported ; an d therefore th e au th o r th in k s tiie ir cu lture
n iightbocome an o bject to th e commcrcialgardcner, especially
III tlio soutlicxn counties n e a r th e sea, and in th e vicinity of
London. The g rea t otyect, h e says, is to obtain “ a sufficient
¿ g r o e o f h e at h i summer, to b rin g th e ir loaves o u t to tlieir
fu ll magnitude, th a t o f th e tubers following o f course The
th e o ry ,” h e adds, “ which I w ould recommend any in telligent
g a rd en er to adopt in its general management is, to keep tlie
tobers growing as vigorously as jiossiblc from May to October,
b u t in a state of complete rest an d d ro u g h t for th e rema in d e r
o f «he y e a r.” (Hort. 2’rans., vol. i. p. 63.)
q4o5. Poeonies are o f two k in d s ; the herbaceous, P. officinalis,
an d other yiecies ; an d the suffniticoso, P. M oútan. The
n rs t 18 a native of Switzorlaud an d other p a rts of Europe, and
¿ 8 0 of Asia, an d the second has been imported from China and
Jmmn, an d was Introduced iu to E ngland in 1789. The flowers
01 Doth are very splendid, an d tho plantó well deserve a place iu
every ganlen. The species and varieties o f lierbaceous poeonies,
»ii*’‘f e 1 " \U 'e H o r t./in t., amo u n t to ne arly forty in n umber,
a il ol which, together wath m any subvarieties, a rc pui'cliasable
1063
in th e nurseries. By seed from the single an d semidouble
sorts for new species, an d liy dividing tlie roots for o rd in ary
purposes. Miller directs to sow th e seeds which ripen in
8ci>tember, immediately afterwards in lig h t fresh e arth
covering them h a lf an inch. Tlicy will come up th e followin»
spring, an d m ay rem a in in tlie seed-bed two years before tlicv
are transpfented, sifting a Iittie rich earth over them when
th e leaves decay a t th e en<l of tho growing season. Having
made two years’ growth in the secd-bed, they arc to be tratls-
pianted in September in to otiier w ell.prepared beds of lig h t
trcsti e a rth , and placed 6 in. asunder every way, an d 5 in
deep. Here they a rc to rem a in till th ey flower, which is
generally th e fo u rth or fifth summer a fte r sowing. Full-
grown roote a re read ily propagated by parting, taking care to
“ ?1° ” ‘fe,®rown o f each offset. T h e plants are
very h a rd y , tlioy will grow m almost an y soil an d situation,
a n a even u n der th e sliade of trees, where. Miller says, they
itinue longest in beauty. T h ey a rc chiefly planted in
flower-borders,''and“ fo“im “a] sp l^ cS d o n
p a rte rre an d the shrubbery.
5436. The varieties a f ) ‘. M t - -
(Hor t. Trans., vol. vi.), are the following: —
I: 3. i*. M. Hùmet,
4. P, M. ròsea semipièna,
5. P . M. ròsea pièna,
id th e E arl of Mountnorris
o rn am en t both to the
en umerated b y Sabine
0. 2‘. M. Rawôsii,
7. P .M . cárnea pièna,
8. I ’. J / . álb id a pièna,
9. P. M. Anneslci ;
•aised th e P . Moútan
th e following additional varietiesT—
10. P. M. picta, 15. P . M. parviflòra,
U . P. M. atro p u rp ú rea , 14. P. M. globósa,
12. P. M . salmònea, 15. P. M. màcina.
Of tliesc P. M. p icta h as proved q uite distinct, h a rin g “ petals
with a rose-coloured ground, streaked, stained, an d veined
with rich deep rose towards the edges, especially in th e inside ;
ra tlie r ragged a t th e points, somewhat in th e m an n er o f th e
P a rro t tulips.” (J o u rn ./fo r i. Gee., vol. ii. p. 309.) P . J /. sal-
mò n c ais also q uite d istinct; “ the o u te r petals when fu lly blown
a re of a pale salmon colour, an d th e in n e r havo a deep rich
tin t o fth e same. The leaves are pale green, with very little red
about th em .” (/ò id . vol. ili. p. 23 6 .) P . J f . parviflòraresem-
Dles P . M. ròsea, b u t has m uch smaller flowers. P . M. globósa
resembles P . M. jiapavcràcea, b u t the flowers a re perfectly
double. “ I t is one o f th e finest Montaos b o th in size and
form.” (Ib id . V. 252.) P .J /.lllà c in a r e s cm b lc sP . J f . Bánks»,
bu t th e flowers are more double, an d are shaded with a
deeper lilac or purple. They are well fllled u p In the centre
Wltli small petals, which are deeper in colour th an th e outer
ones.” T h e common mode of increase is b y division, or by
layers, b u t th ey may be also grafted on th e roots o f the
herbaceous paionles, o r struck from cu ttings p repared in a
p a rticu la r m an n er. The g rafting is done a n y tim e from tho
b eginning of September to th e mitldle o f Marcii. Select some
good tubers of P . officinàlis, or of an y other h a rd y herbaceous
kind, an d take off cuttings of P . pauaveràcea, o r o f an y of
ic tree kinds which i t is wished to in crease; th en slit the
iber from th e crown downwards about 2 in. from th e scion
ke a wedge, in se rt i t in to the s lit of the tu b e r, and fit the
ba rk s on one side as exactly as possible; th en bind them
well together with good bast, over which p u t one tu rn o f lirass
wire, to prevent th e p a rts from separating a fte r tlie bast is
decayed. P u t them into pots de ep en o u g lito allow th e mould
'■ ..... th e top o f the tu b e r, set th em in a cold frame or
them close, ra th e r dry , an<l defended from tlie sun
irs t month, an d from frost d u rin g winter. M'hen
they have perfected one season’s growth, p la n t th em out, or
tr e a t them lik e established plants. In laying, some advise
twisting th e layers. In general th e protecticin of a frame is
r eq u ired : for though th e plants will stand the winter in sheltered
situations with o u t an y covering, yet as tiiey iiroduce
th e ir leaves an d flowers early in th e season, these when exposed
to tho spring frosts a rc liable to be in ju red . Mr. Curtis o fth e
Glazenwood Nursery, who cultivates the P .M oútan to a g rea t
extent, recommends an open a iry situation and no nrotectiun
wh atever; an d th e plants, u n d e r this mode o f management
a re not forced forward so as to come into bloom before tliè
weather is settled. Tlic best soil is a rich sandy loam. As
tb e growth of these plants is re ry slow, thoy req u ire very little
pru n in g , an d indeed n o t mu ch care in an y way. Tliere are
specimens in Ire lan d , an d also in o th e r p a rts o f th e countrv
which havo attaine.i a very large size. ’
54o7. The shrubby p a onies m a y also be propagated bu
ciMtngs. “ In Febm a ry select an y of th e stems o f th e Ptcò n ia
Moutan, or all may be used ; an d a t tho distance o f h a lf an
in ch from th e centre of each b ud, both above an d below it
c u t o u t en tirely i-ound the stem a small ring o f th e ba rk , ratlier
more tb a ii th e sixteenth o f an in ch wide, in th e man n er of
common rmg in g , as practiso.1 on fru it trees. Tlms every bud
wall oecui'y I in. o f th e stem, where tlie d irec t continuation of
its b a rk is obstructed, both above an d below, b y tb e rings
vrinch have been c u t out of it. The stems so prepared are
th en to be la id horizontally ab out 5 in. beneath the soil, leaving
o n ly the leading b ud a t th e en d of eaoli b ranch above the
surface. In six montlis every bu d will have maiie a vigorous
shoot, an d in general will have two radical fibres a t iii base.
In August remove th e soil from above th e layers, and having
raised th e newly made roots, carefully separate each young
(hoot from th e main laj-or, by passing a small knife from one
: to th e otlier, cu ttin g out ab o u t o n e -th in i p a rt o f tlie
stem. Th e young plauts sliould th en be innnediately
j-OT,¿d,to remain till th e y a r e required for p lan tin g out iu
th e ir final situations. Alter tlius ga th erin g th e first cron of
y o u n g plants, the old layers should be again covered v
good soil, aronudii lievfiti iaws bueefiooriee ;; aBniidu iinn tmh ee floolFl ow'ing summer
ll an d g reater crop of plants will be produced thau
th e flrst s—ea-sroorno , a-.n..dI , win rema__rk_able, th ey will
le from various parts o f the stem, where ..ot ..„vot
i was previously indicated.” (J /e n n d ’s Ro/njttc Garden,
p a rt V. No. 241., quoted in tho Gardener's Magazine, vol. vi.
p. 102.)
5438. The Primrose (P. vulg&ris L. (Eng. Bot. i . ) Prime-
vri-e, Fr., Schaftlose Primula, Gcr. ; an d Prim a v tra , Ital )
(fig. 915.) has a pcrouuial root, appearing as if b it oft' a t Uic cud,
: : i l
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