fresh liorse-droppings, strongly pressed, ami, after It has lain eight days it is coTcrcd
with 1 in. of good earth, beaten to a fine state, and the spawn is planted m it in little
bits about 9 in. apart eA'cry way. M a g ., vol. ii. p. 408.)
2184 C allow 's niushroom-liouse is a very simple structure, but one m which mushrooms
can be grown with greater facility than in any other. As this result depends more on
the mode of culture than on the fonn of the house, we shall reserve what we have to say
of both till we treat of tho culture of tliis vegetable.
S e c t . V. C old P lan t-ha b itatio ns.
2185. CoM though seldom or never erected, yet deserve to be mentioned
ns resoiirccs under certain circumstances. These circumstances may be, a tlesirc
to cultivate the alpine plants of Europe in tropical climates, or to cultivate the mosses
and ferns of the north of Europe in its more southern eountnes.
2186 T h e p rin cip le on w hich a cold house can he constructed in a w a rm climate must
cither be that of the exclusion of the heat by coverings or envelopes ; or the abduction ol
heat bv evaporation or contact with cold bodies. Heat will be, to a certain extent, excluded,
by forming the house in the ground ; by excluding the sim s rays from its root;
bv a hio-h wall on three sides, leaving only an opening m the middle ot the north side ;
and by a double or treble roof of glass to the excavation. A house to he cooled by evaporation
may also bo sunk in the gi-ound; or it may be raised above it, shaded trom
the sun and over it may be supporteda number of shower pipes (2176.), which, by producing
a gentle aud continual rain on the glass roof and stone or other sides ot the house,
would draw off much heat by evaporation. Enclosing it by a line of powerful jets d eau
would effect the same purpose. To produce cold by abduction, the house might be sunk;
its floor supported on pillars ; and its sides and bottom kept in contact w ith a rtmning
stream • or, if it could be afforded, ice renewable as it melted. These hints are sufticient
to show how cold plant-habitations may be formed in any climate: to enter more at
leno-th on the subject would be useless, in a work calculated chiefly for the climate ot
Britain. In our Encijclopcedia o f Cottage, F a rm , and V illa A rc h ite c tu re and F u rn itu re ,
will he found various designs for ice-houses and cool dairies, as well as lUustrations ot
the general principles on which all houses, whether for economical pui-poses or plants,
intended to retain an atmosphere cooler than that in which they are placed, require to
be constructed.
C h a p . HI.
E d ific e s used in G ardening.
2187. E d ific e s o f d iffe re n t hinds are required in gardening, for can-ying on operations,
, TaT/-.aii/al-c nnrt fr»r vpf'VAfltivp.for retainmg or preserrmg materials and products, and for recreative ro>rv decorative pDuilri'
poses. We shall consider the leading kinds, in the order of economical, anomalous, and
decorative edifices. In all of these, the details of construction belong to civil architecture
; hut the design of the greater part ought to be regulated by the judgment of the
gardener or the garden-architect.
S e c t . I. F c o n m iic a l B uildm g s,
2188. E co nom ical buildings are chiefly dwellings, store-rooms, and worldng-placcs,
entrance-lodges, and buildings for procuring or retaining water.
2189. T he head-gardener’s dwelling-house, in small places, often assumes the character
of a porter’s lodge to the gate or entrance ; or is placed in some point of the grounds requiring
protection. In all cases it should be near to tho garden, and, if forcing is carried
on, the nearer it is placed to that department the better. Sometimes it is placed in the
back sheds, hut that is an unwholesome situation ; such sheds fronting the direct north,
and without a single opening to the south, east, or west, are enthely excluded from the
sun, except dtu-ing a few mornings and evenings in summer. A small enclosure, near
the forcing-dcpartmcnt, and, if possible, on rising ground, so as to command a view of
at least that part of the garden, is to be preferred. With respect to accommodation, no
dwelling in this country, for a servant expected to do his duty, ought to contain less on
the ground-floor than a kitchen, hack-kitchen, and parlour ; on the floor above that, at
least two bed-rooms, with closets, and other requisite appendages, internal as well as
external. This will suit a prudent man and his wife, not in circnmstances to keep a maidservant.
Bnt for such as can afford to keep a servant, or have alarge family, more bedrooms
will be necessary, and a larger parlour and kitchen. As a gardener, in cominon
with other domesticated servants, is liable to be removed from the house ho occupies at a
short notice, and without any reference to his haring, or being able to procure, another,
it follows, as a matter of justice, that what ai-e called house-flxtures should be provided
bv the master Water should be conducted to a pump flxcd in the b.ack-kitchon; a
furnace and boiler for washing affixed ; a proper range, with oven, &c., dressers, tables
shelves &c., in the principal kitchen ; grates, and such closets and clothes-presses placed
in the parloiu- and other rooms, &c., such as the occupier wonld place there, if he held the
house on lease. In general, we may observe, that a master has seldom occasion to repent
making his servant’s abode comfortable, and even rather agreeable and elegant, than
otherwise. A master of a well-regulated mind, indeed, will be anxious to effect this, as
far as lies in his power, for every portion of animated natm-c under his protection.
2190 T h e gardener’s office is necessarily omitted iu small places ; but it is an essential
requisite wherever several men are kept. It should, if possible, adjoin the dwelling, and
tc connected with tlic seed-room, fruit-room and cellar, root-cellar, tool-liouse, and
gardener’s lodge. The furniture or appendages to this room are the m-iting-desfc;
a book-case, containing a small library to be lent out to tho men ; a map of the garden,
and of all the grounds under the master’s care ; a herbarium press ; and a cabinet tor
such specimens of plants as the gardener may find it useful to diy for his own use ; o r,
as often happens, for that of his family; a dramiig-board and T square; aboaid, tobe
used when new grounds are laying out, as a p lane table (m geometry); a theodHite,
a Gunter’s chain, and measuring laths ; with any similar articles, as spare thcrmometois,
budding connected with the oflice by a door in the lobby. This
should iie a small room, well ventilated, with a cabinet of drawers, as m a common seed-
shop, but on a smaller scale and somewhat different system. The lower tier of drawers
should, of comse, be the largest, and may be 1 ft. deep by 2 ft. wide on the fece, and 18 m.
broad within. This tier will serve for heans, peas, acorns, mast, &c. A second nmy
he tlu-ee fourths the size, for can-ot, turnip, spinach, larch-seed, &c A thud halt tne
size, for salad-secds ; and the fourth, for thoso of pot and sweet herbs, need not be more
tliai 4 in. deep on tho face. The upper part ot the cabinet may consist of sMlo v
drawers, divided into ten or twelve compartments each, for flowcr-seeds; and on the
top of all as being least in requisition, similar shallow drawers, with movable pai-
tZns, to bnlbonsZots. As the kind or kinds placed in each diwer will probaMy
vary every year, it seems bettor that thoir names should only be written on papei and
pasted on! There ought to be a small counter, with a weighing machine (that of MeJ-
Im rs t is preferable), an inkstand placed on it, and drawers, with paper hags, packthreads,
&c below Some seeds, which it is desirable to keep in tho fruit, as capsicum, pompion.
&o ’ may bo suspended from rows of hooks fixed in the coiling. , . „ „
2192 T h e fru it-ro o m may be connected with the secd-roora. This ought to be well
ventilated ; {¿ r which purpose, like the three other rooms it ought to have a small fireplace.
The fruit-room was formerly a mere loft, where fnuts were kept on the flwr m
common with onions, with no proper means of separation, or an-angement for
consumption. Now, however, it is i-cgulm-ly fitted up, cither with shelves of latticework
on which to place sieves of different sorts of fi-uit; or with close sMves, for j.ars,
7 7 &e accoiZg to the various modes adopted of preserving them. The room may
be of any form ; bnt one long and nan-ow ( f g . 658. a a ) is generally best adapted fm
ventilation and heating, or drying, when necessary, by a flue. The ystem ^ liel ra
(b ) may be placed along one side, and may be raised to the height
(c a) aeeording to the number wanted. Tbese shelves are formed of open woik (d <0,
on which to pfieo square sieves of frnit, each of which should be numbered, and a table
or slate (c), containing the con-esponding numbers, may t®, "P “ ® ta™'’ 7
opposite each numher should be a space for noting down dafly the "»»]® “ ]®"
eadi sieve for use. From this table statements may be made f'®” “ "® “ ® ?
quantity of frait on hand for the use of the house-stcwai-d. (M a h e r, m H o rt. J ra n s
vol ii p 76 ) Forsyth directs that all the floors or shelves on''’I'te apples are to be
lept ¿r’^^sweid, shoMd bo made of white deal, as. when red deal is made use of for
s s 3