H
676 AKT OF GzVEDENING.
lioad off horizontally, and smoothing tho section, a radiated scries of clefts may be made,
need in B r i m nurseries it is now com-
monly tappM to'grafting the vine, the rose, the camelha, and some
kinds of succulent plants. Clcft-graftmg the vino is ™ L ;
7 H„ in which a is a bud on tho scion, and A on f « f ; "
tlio most favourable positions for success. The S®“ ® ‘
clayed in the usual manner, excepting tbat only a small Me is lc
hi ilie clay opposite the eye of tho scion, for its dovolopcment. In
graftina the vhio in this maimer, when tho Imd (6) on the stock is dc-
Lloped it is allowed to grow for ton or fourteen days, alter vhich it
s cut off 1 ? ns ^ one Imd and one leaf near its base to draw
? I p £ t e «foil till it be fairly united to the ®te«-
..■ ■•iftino- is when the stock is about to break into Icat, oi when it has
¿ado shoots with four or five leaves. By this ®Lk " t e t e
L n l ’blecteg! t e ? f i if te e « a ? iii‘gSd health and tei®
¿ t e » n „ e r , t e scion, if
« S i e T im ? tl s ? 4 r a 4 L S thoTLk ( / , . 712. a) ; or t e deft in t e stock
?s S c ^niar one Side of the cross section as that the bark Oa IS made iieai o it s Sometimetsh ea wshedougeld pera rits omf atdhee
£ S » “ ? t e t » ? with g i S r flrnmess on t e stock, and the
wedge part of t e scion, instead of being part of an mtcrnodc, as at d a®. "I'®"
practicable, selected with a bud on it. as at e. The canm ha is sometunes c lc ft-^
S only ’a single bud on the scion ( fa j. 713. a), t e c h is inserted m 7 ® ^ ? «
just when the sap is beginning to rise, and being tied, it is ioiiml
clayiii«- Epiphyllum truncatum is frequently clcft-grattcd on leicskia aculcata, as
headed-down trees. It is sometimes called grafting in t e bark or nnd, from the scio
being inserted between t e bark and the wood. This mode of S®L™iL«??terk and
best effect somewhat later than the others ; as the J " B Z -
wood of t e stock much more easily separated for the admission of ‘J “ L L i z " aUv
fomring t e operation, first cut or saw off t e head of the stock or
or level, and pare the top smooth; .then out one side of each scion «to
slnnintr 1® in Ion»' forming a sort of shoulder at t e top of the slope, to lest iipo
K » ' t e sToek; theta raise t e rind of te stock with the - o y /L g
the handle of the budding-knife ( fig . 365.) so as to 7™ 7®,®®™ L L « ?
tewood 2 in. down; whicli done, place t e scion with “ ® JL T to d c ami
thrusting it down far enough for t e shoulder to rest upon “ ® .‘L / k ?
in this manner may be put throe, four, five, or more scions, in one large stock 01
branch. It is alleged, as a disadvantage attending “ I®
that t e ingrafted shoots, for two or three yeans, are liable to L /T A ! ? „ f ft?k
by violent winds ; t e only remedy for which is tying long rods to t e body of t e stock
or branch, and tying up each scion and its shoots to one of the lods. in
9A»sft S id e -a ra ftin a ( fa . 709. c) resembles whip or tongue grafting, but difters m
being performed on the side ofthe stock without heading down. .
trees to fill up vacancies, and sometimes m order to have a variety of fiints upon tlie
same tree. Having fixed upon those parts of the branches wlicre wood is wanting to
famish the head or any part of the tree, slope ofi' the bark and a little of the wood, and
cut the lower end of the scions to fit the part as nearly as possible ; then join them to
the branch, tie them with bast, and clay them over.
2459. S ad d le-g ra ftin g is performed by first cutting the top of the stock into a wedgc-
like form, and then splitting up the end of the scion, and thinning off each half to a
tongue shape ; it is then placed on the wedge, embracing it on each side, and the inner
barks ai*e made to join on one side of the stock, as in cleft-grafting. This is a very
strong and handsome mode for standard trees when gi-afted at the standard height. It is
also desirable for orange trees, and standard roses, as it makes a handsome finish, covering
a part of the stock, which, by the other methods, long remains a black scar, and sometimes
never becomes covered with bai’k. The stocks for this purpose should not be much
thicker than the scions, or two scions may be inserted.
A local v a r ie ty o f sadd le -g ra fiin g ( f g . 709. d, e , f ) is thus described by Knight, as practised upon small
stocks, and almost exclusively in Herefordshire. It is never attempted till the
usual season of grafting is passed, and till the bark is readily detached from, the
715
alburnum. The head o fth e stock is then taken off by a single stroke of the knife
obliquely, so that the incision commences about a diameter below the point where
the medulla appears in the section of the stock, and ends as much above it, upon
th e opposite side. The scion, which should not exceed in diameter half that of
stock, is then to be divided longitudinally, about 2 in. upwards from its
lower end, into two unequal divisions.
pared thin at its lower extremity, and introduced, as in crown-grafting, between
. , „ ing the knife upwards just in contact
with one side of the medulla. The stronger division of tfie scion is then to be
th e bark and wood of the stock ; and the more slender division is fitted to
the stock upon the opposite side. The scion consequently stands astride the stock,
to which it attaches itself firmly upon each side, and which it covers completely
in a single season. Grafts of the apple and pear rarely, if ever, fail in this method
of grafting, which may be practised with equal success with young wood in July,
as soon as th a t has become moderately firm and mature. A subvarietj® of saddle-
grafting (fig . 71o.), applicable to very slender shoots, was practised by Knight, who
has given the following explanation of i t : — As the mode has rarely “ or never been
properly executed, it will be necessary th a t 1 describe tbe motion of tho sap, as I
conceive it to be, a t th e period when grafts are most advantageously inserted.
'j he graft first begins its efforts to unite itself to the stock ju st at the period when
the formation of an ew interna! layer of bark commences in the spring, and the
fluid, which generates this layer ot bark, and which also feeds th e inserted graft,
radiates in every direction from the vicinity of the medulla to the external surface
of the alburnum. The graft is of course most advantageously placed when it presents
the largest surface to receive such fluid, and when the fluid itself is made to
deviate least from its natural course. This takes place most eflSciently when a
graft of nearly equal size with the stock is divided at its base, and made to stand
astride the stock, and when th e two divisions of the graft are pared extremely
thin at and near their lower extremities, so th a t they may be brought into close
contact with tho stock (from which but little bark or wood should be pared off)
by the ligature. I have adopted this mode chiefly in grafting cherry trees, and I have rarely ever seen
a graft fail, even where the wood has been so succulent and immature as to preclude every hone of
success by any other mode.” (H o r t. T ra n s , vol. v. p. 147.)
D o v e tail g r a ftin g . This variety was invented by Mr. Malone, who has thus described it- —
“ The scion is selected so as to have two or three buds above where the knife is to be inserted to prepare
it for the operation ; a slip is cut off the end of the scion, sloping it to the bottoni, as long as ft is decided
to insert it into the stock. On each side of the cut, as far as it extends, a part of the bark is to be
taken off, leaving the under part broader than the upper, on which upper or back part should be left a
bud. The stock or branch to be woiked is thus p repared: — Being first cut off, smooth and straight
two parallel slits, distant from each other nearly the width of the scion, and the length oi its cut part’
are then made in the back of the branch, observing particularly to slope the knife so that the under
edge of the cut n ex t the wood may be wider than the outer edge. The piece of bark between th e slits
must then be taken out, separating ft at the bottom by a horizontal c u t ; the scion will then slide into
the dovetailed groove thus formed, and, if th e work be well performed, will fit neatly and tightly A
small quantity of the grafting clay should then be carefully applied, securing it on with list or any other
convenient bandage, and fastening it a t the end with two small nails. The top of the stock should be
entirely covered with th e clay, sloping it well up to the grafts, and should be examined often to see if
any cracks or openings appear, which should be immediately filled up with very soft clay When verv
large branches are to be grafted, or trees headed entirely off, three or more scions should be inserted
equidistant, round the stock. By this arrangement the sap will ascend equally on all sides and preserve
every part of th e stock from decay. The proper time for performing the operation is from the beginning
of April till the middle of May, or earlier if th e sap is in m otion. The grafts or scions should be taken
off in the winter months, but not later than February.” (G a rd . M ag. vol. vii. p. 712.)
2460. S hould er o r chink g ra ftin g is performed with a shoulder, and sometimes also
with a stay at the bottom of tho slope. It is chiefly used for ornamental trees, where
the scion and stock ai-e of the same size { f g . 710. a, b, c, d ).
2461. R o o t-g ra ftin g { fig . 710. li) is sometimes performed in nurseries on parts of the
roots of removed trees, when the proper stocks arc scarce ; and in wjiicli case, tlic root
of the whitethorn has been resorted to as a stock both for the apple and the pear. In
general, however, a piece of the root of the tree of the same genus is selected, well
fm-nished with fibres, and a scion, placed on it in any of the ordinary ways for small
stocks. Thus united, they ai-e planted so deep as to cover the ball of clay, and leave
only a few eyes of the scion above ground. Some gardeners have thought that in this
way the plant must preserve a iieai- resemblance to the parent tree; but Abercrombie
remarks, that, though it is an expeditious way of obtaining a new plant, such a graft
cannot be materially different from a cutting or a layer.