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rB A C T IC E OE GAKDENING.
Pac/iing Orchard and other Fruits fo r Carriage.
T a r t III. B o o k III. CONSTRUCTION OF TH E PINERY. 771
S e c t . IV.
•to n In vachinu fruit to he sent to a cemsidcrahle distance, great care is roqmsite. It
shotad itot, Eorsyth observes, be P“®k®A ^ baskets as they
r s » S : : r d ? ? n 7 s ’i z 4 : = i . , g to th oV an tity of fruit to b„ packed. The
following are tho dimensions of the boxes in winch ho sent frmt by the coach to f t md-
sor and IVcymonth, for the use of George III. and V b„4 fvaL
box was 2 ft long, 14 in. broad, and the samo m depth. Tho smallest box was
I ft 9 in lono- 1 ft. broad, and tbe samo in depth. These boxes were made of inch
dcai, aiid'wollTccured with three iron clamps at each comer : they had two i'™
liandlcs, at each end, by which they were fitstencd to the roof of tbe
boxes were sent melons, currants, pears, peaches, nectarines, plums, and giapcs, paekal
so as always to have the heaviest fruit at bottom. The melons were ivi-appod np soft
paper ; tho pears, peaches, nectarines, plmns, and grapes were first wrapped up m vmc-
leavcs, and then in paper. The cherries and currants were packed iii a flat tin box,
1 ft. 4 in. long, 10 in. broad, and 4 in. deep,
s in the hottomof the tin box, then
i i i S S l s i i g i l F S rcuscil, wliich it can be for a much greater number of times than moss.
.■)01.5. Miscellaneous points o f orchard cidture. As in treating of Idtelicn-garden
culture, so here various minor points of cniture and management are o m i t t / winch the
indicions gardener will not overlook in practice ; proredcd he has, or ought to t e
avhole art and science of gai-dcning, as it were, stored n pm b ism in d , and rcadyto apply
on evciy occasion. Among these points may bo named t e occraional grafting of
orchard trees, with a view eitlier to introduce new or preferable sorts, ot to fill up the
head of a tre e : thinning out temporary tre e s -, introducing young trees in intervals ot
old orchards to succeed tl.c old ; guarding from thieves ; and a variety of other m a t t ^
whicli circumstances will always suggest to tlie observing eye and fertile mmd ot a
gai-dencr attached to his profession. Among these things, ono of t e first conscquenco
fs attention to order and neatness.
Cii.iP. VI.
Construction o f the CuUnarij Forcing Structures and Ilollmmes.
3016. The general principles o f design in forcing and hothouse structures have boon
already laid down (2054. to 2077.); and, therefore, the object, in this chapter, is to
detail the most approved practice in regard to t e particular constraction of such os
belong to tlie culinary and friiit^ gardens. These arc tlue pinery, vinery, peach-house,
cherry-house, ftg-house, miUnary pits, frames, and mushroom-house.
S e c t . I. Construction o f the Pinei'y.
3017. Pines are grown cither in houses set apart for the purpose, and called pineries ;
or in vineries with a bark-bcd in the centre. , .1 a n
3018. A pinery is generally a low lean-to pit, with a nearly flat roof, m order that au
the plants may be kept near the glass; hut Hamilton and some other eminent pme
growers prefer a span-rooied liouse ivith the glass at a suflicient slope to throw off ¿h e
rain. Some gardeners use two or even three pits ; viz. a nursing-housc, a succcssion-
house, and a fruiting-housc; but in general practice the plants are reared in one pit,
and removed to another pit to fruit. Growing pines in vineries appears to have been
first practised by Speechly, in 1779. The vines were trained up the rafters, under
!
which were two tan-beds, one for the succession plants, and tlie other for fruiting.
Hamilton gives a plan of a liouse which will serve for growing the pine, tho vine, and
the cucumber all at the samo time. Wc shall give a few examples of different kinds
of pineries.
3019. I'he pinery o f Baldwin consists of two stmctures, the succcssion-bcd and the
fiTiiting-housc. The succcssion-bed or frame (fig. 752.), in
which the young plants arc to remain both winter and summer,
should be constructed of timher, 7 ft. wide, and 7 ft. 3 in.
higli at the back, the front being in the same proportion. The
method of preparing the bed is as follows : — “ Sink your pit
(2) 3 ft. 3 in. deep, and of such a length as you may require,
and make it sufficiently broad to admit of linings on each side
(1, 3) ; there should be a good drain at the bottom of the pit, to
keep it dry ; then set posts, about the dimensions of 6 in. square,
in the pit, at convenient distances (say about the width of the top
lights), and case it round with 1^-inch deal wrought boards above
the surface, and below it with any inferior boards or planks. The
dimensions of Baldwin’s own succession beds or frames were 39 ft.
long and 7 ft. wide; contaimng 273 sq. ft., which held 350
suckers, from the end of September till the 7th of April.” (Cult,
o f Anan., p. 1 1 .) The fruiting-house (fig. 753.) is a pit (a) with
a walk behind ; “ in it the glass should be closely puttied, to keep
out the cold air, and to retain the warm ; and in the back there
should be three lids (h), to admit air, the dimensions of each to
be 3 ft. long and 1 ft. deep. The flue makes only one com'se in
the passage behind.” (Cult, o f Anan., p. 19.)
3020. The Oak Hill pine-pits. The nursing and growing pits
arc 7 ft. deep at the back, G ft. wide, and sloping at an inclination
of 1 ft. in 3 ft. ; heated by fermentation, and having no firc-heat
apparatus. The principal fruiting-pits (¿1(7.754.) are each 40 ft.
long, heated by one fire ; and supplied with steam, conducted
along the front waU, a little above the flue, through an iron pipe
of 1-inch bore, from a portable boiler. The sashes, composed of a
wooden frame with copper sash hai-s, and glazed with crown glass,
arc supported on cast-ii-on rafters. Shutters, composed of rccds
fixed in a wooden frame to fit on each light, which arc used in
cold nights, givo the pits the appearance of thatched cottages.
Tliis is a very good and very economical pine-pit ; and, if preferì
od, hot-water pipes may he substituted in it for flues, and tanks
n a. Flues,
fc, Hark-bec!.
c, R ub b le b ric k w o rk raised t
th e flue.
d, Steam pipe fo r occasional u
a sufTicient h e ig h t to sup p ort
e, A rches, sup p o rtin g th e p athw a y, and occa sio nallyfllle d w itli
fe rm e n tin g m atte r.
f f . C op ing stones to th e walls,
ff. G u tte r to rcccivo th e w a ter fro m tlie saslics.
rt h. G rou nd lic e .
may he added for bottom heat. For early forcing, so as to have queen pines ripe in
Februaiy and March, 755. is an excellent pit.
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