î ‘ í I' t o
1246
and also th e yew (Paxus haccata), aider / / Inns
glutinósa) : while the tulip ( Tidipa), crowii-nnpenal
(F ritillà ria imperiàlis), and various other bulbs, are
boldly emerging from the ground.
Fourth toeek : the Drlca carnea, wood str.iwberry
(Fragària vcsca), some spceclwells ( FcJ-dn?cir), the
groundsel, and sometimes th e stock and wall-
flower (Cheirànthus), in flower. Some sorts ot
gooseberries, apricots, aud peaches, begmnmg to
open their buds.
3. Kitchen-garden. — Culinaiy vegetables.
Sow (3709.) radishes a t twice or thrice (3708.);
round-leaved spinach twice (3719.), lettuce lor succession
(3902.), peas and beans in the beginnmg and
end of the month (3553. and 3570.); some eariy cabbages
to replace any plants of the last August sowing :
a t the end of th e month, red cabbage. (3465. mid
3450.) In the last week savoys (3472.) ; m the last
fortnight dill, chervil, .and fennel to 40M.),
earlv Horn carrot near the end of the month (¿bbb.),
early Dutchturnipinthelastfortnight(3647.), small
salads evcrv fortnight (3956.), onions for a full crop
in the last week, and a few leeks a t th e same time.
(3765. and 3784.) ^
Temporali! coverings. (2644.) Cover with litter,
fronds of spruce and silver fir, mats, and other
means, as circumstances may re q u ir e . _
Plant (2892.) Jerusalem artichokes (3b39.), ctiives,
garlic, shallots (3787. to 3800.), horseradish (4027.)
liquorice (4148.), and potatoes. (3610.) _
Propagate, by rooted offsets (4066.), mmt, balm,
sorrel, pennyroyal, tansy, tarragon, fennel and
burnet. (4155. 4009, &c.)
Transplant (2512.) for seed, if it was not done m
autumn, the brassica tribe, onions, carrots, turnips,
beet, celery, endive, parsneps, and leeks.
D?>(2296.) and trench {2392.) vacant ground in
moderate weather, and perform all other operations
of this kind only in dry weather.
Destroy insects by the usual means. (2660.)
Store-room. Look over onions, and other dried
roots. (2194. and 2195.)
Tool-room. See th at tools are always cleaned
before being laid by a t this season. (2737.)
4. Hardy fruit department.
Plant (2892.) all sorts of fruit trees, when the
weather is fine (2875.): strawberries towards the
end of the month. (2925.')
Protect roots of new planted trees by mulching
(2-531. L tops of apricot, plum, peach, and nectarine
trees coming into blossom. (2644.)
Prune (2564.) apricots, peaches, and nectarines,
before th e blossom buds are much swelled (4407,
4408.) ; apples and pears before the end of the
month (4323. and 4355.): finish vines (4749.), and
nail them, and also gooseberries, currants, and
raspberries. (4560. and 4607.)
Prepare ground for planting (4592.) ; spnng-dress
strawberry plants ; dig and dross ground where the
trees are pruned ; support newly planted trees with
stakes (.5851.) ; clear the bark of trees of moss, &c. ;
fence orchard trees where sheep, cattle, or hares
may be expected.
Destrmj insects. (2660.) . „
Fruit-room. (2192.) Keepcontmuallyexarainmg
the loose fruit, whether in the open _ shelves, or
close drawers ; remove all tainted specimens.
Fruit-cellar. (2194.) Such fruit as is put up in
close casks, and sealed or plastered up to exclude
the air, will require no farther attention than keeping
out extreme frosts, so as the temperature may
stand between 32 and 40 degrees.
5. Culinary liothouse department. .
Glasscasewithoutheat. (1989.) Sow lettuces, small
salads, &c. as in last month (3993.), plant potatoes.
^^i&ffjeds and pits. (1997. 2630.) In the first week
begin to force cucumbers and melons ; in general,
th e beds now set to work produce finer fruit than
those put in action sooner. (3223, and 3255.) Continue
sowings of salads (3993.), and kidneybeans
(3593.) ; begin or continue to force aspa ragu^
potatoes, sea-kale, tart-rhubarb, &c. (2635.); sow#
few seeds of early cabbage and cauliflower plants for
early planting. . , , ,
Mushroom beds. Protect established beds, and
spawn new ones (3389.): keep up th e heat of all
hotbeds hy linings.
Pinery. (3043.) Attend to the proper temperature
(3063. and 30CG.) • pines want little air or water at
this season. See that snckcrs on dung heat are not
too moist.
Forcingdepartment.{3943.) Ifyouhavenotbegiin
before, this is a very good time to commence with
most sorts of fruits, peaches, cherries, vines, &c.
Set in strawberries and other plants in pots, also
fruit trees and shrubs, and plant kidneybeans ;
apply stimuli by degrees, but, having once begun to
excite, do not decline, otherwise you produce an
injurious check to vegetation. See to the stems of
vines W’hich are outside the forcing-houses and
stoves which are a t work.
6. Flowcr-gai-den. — Open-ground department.
Sow (5484.) a few hardy annuals in the last fortnight,
ifth e weather be hne; most of th e sorts are
better deferred till the end of March. (548.5.) Mignonette
and ten weeks’ stocks, in a warm border,
to be protected in severe weather.
Propagate hardy plants from the root and h e r b ;
but September or March are better seasons. (5468.)
Plant dried roots, when the weather is open and
dry. (5479.)
Transplant (5477.), if the last fortnight he fit
weather, the hardier biennial and perennial border-
flowers. (5483.)
Shelter and protect (2644.) by all the usual m eans;
but take care not to exclude air and light a moment
longer than is absolutely necessary.
Prepare vacant ground for piants and trees, also
composts for plants in pots. (51.34.)
Bees. Feed such hives as are weak.
7. Flower-garden. — liothouse department.
Glass case w ithoutheat. (1989.) Dress select au riculas,
and cover them at night to promote their
growth (5275.) ; sow ten weeks’ stocks, and mignonette,
for successional supply.
Hotbeds and pits. (5115.) In the last week, prepare
for tender annuals, continue to force bulbs, and the
usual sorts of border flowers and Dutch roots in
dung beds and pits heated by fermentable substances,
steam, or by smoke flues.
Greenhouse. (5161.) Minimum heat for tins
month,40°; maximum, with fire-heat, 44°. Give air
freely in fine weather, but water sparingly; the
alternate drying by fire-heat, and then macerating
by watering, is a sure way of killing tender plants
in small pots.
Baric, or moist stove. (5162.) Givo air vvhenoyer
the thermometer rises to 70°, or under it if the sun
shines, keeping up your fire and bottom heat. Begin
to propagate by th e usual modes; attend to .
neatness and routine culture.
D ry stove. (5164.) Min. 45°; max. with fire-heat,
50°. Give water and air as in January.
8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery.
Plant. (2510.) deciduous trees and hedges, as in
J a n u a ry ; deciduous shrubs after the middle of the
month. OT ,
Prune (2544.) as before, finishing most sorts hy
the middle of the month, if possible.
Dig (2296.) as before, and include the flower and
shrubbery borders towards the end of the monty.
Sweep androil gravel-walksand lawns (5028.); trim
the edges of verges with a weeding-iron ; remove
mosses and weeds everywhere.
Form and prepare lawns and gravel-walks. as
directed for last month.
9. Trees. — Nurseiy department.
Fruit trees. Sow kernels and I'ruit stones (5993.
and 5984.); lay quince, walnut, and mulberry trees;
plant cuttings of the gooseberry, currant, and elder.
Lay or graft the berberry, hazel nut, and filbert.
(2422.) Preserve cuttings of the vine and fig in
dry earth (3115.) ; plant suckers of the raspberry;
prepare for grafting.
Orrinmentul shrubs. Sow hardy deciduous so rts ;
lay and plant cuttings, and take off suckers for pro-
Saga tion; plant out in nursery rows, and prune
eciduous Kinds. (5990.)
Forest trees. (6020. to 6187.) Sow mountain ash,
hornbeam, wild cherry, hawthorn, ash keys, hazelnut,
acorns, walnuts, Spanish and liorse-chestmits,
&c.; holly and yew in the last fortnight. Plant cuttings
of poplar, elder, and willow ; lay in seedling
larch es; gather pine and larch cones.
Forkup { m i . ) , dig {2296.), o t trench (2302.), b etween
nursery rows, not intended for removal this
season (6019.)'; weed and remove decayed leaves,
attending as much as possible to order and nea tness.
(2731.)
10. Trees. — Permanent plantations, and
park scenery.
Plant (2510.) fences of deciduous trees (5788.) ;
forest trees of all th e deciduous sorts, in mild
weather ; ornamental deciduous sorts, uot very
tender, in fine weather.
P rune (5867.) deciduous sorts, except such sorts
as are apt to bleed, as the wild cherry, birch, and
sycamore, or th e resinous and evergreen tribes,
which are best pruned in summer, autumn, or late
A m %idfcU timber and young trees, as for last
m o n th : remember not to touch bark woods this
month. (5889.)
Operate (2372.) on ground, with a view to forming
roads, pieces of water, and other effects of land-
scape-gardening. (1496.)
MARCH.
London -
Edinburgh
Dublin
Average of
the Ther-
momcter.
Greateet
Variation
from the
Average.
Average
ofthe
Barometer.
REMARKS.
The beginning of Marcli usually concludes the winter;
and the end of the month is generally indicative of the
succeeding spring; according to the proverb, “ March
comes in like a lion, nnd goes out like a lamb.” The
Saxons called this month the Ungthening month In allusion
to the increasing of the days. The most laborious
period of the gardener’s year is the last half of this
month; and the first fortnight of April.
1, Kalendar of animated nature round
London.
I n the fir s t week: the ringdove (Columba P alúm-
bus) coos, the white wagtail (J/o tac illa alba) sings,
and th e yellow wagtail (Motacilla flàva) appears ;
th e earthworm (Lumbricus terréstris), and th e snail
ré lè lix ), and slug (Llmax), engender.
Secondiueek : thejackdaw (Córvus Monedula)begins
to come to churches ; th e tomtit (Parus cæru-
leus) makes its spring n o te ; browu wood owls
(5 trîx strìdula) h o o t; and the small tortoise-shell
butterfly (Vanéssa urticæ L .) appears.
Thirdweek : themarsli titmouse (P àruspalùstris)
begins his n o te s; various flies (Mùscæ) appear;
th e fox (Cànis Fúlnes) smells ra n k ; th e turkey-
cock (Melèagris Gàllo-Pàvo) struts and gobbles.
Fourth week : the yellowhamraer (Emberiza
Citrinèlla) and green woodpecker (P icus viridis)
sing; rooks, ravens (Còrvi , and house pigeons
(Colûmbæ) bu ild ; the goldfinch (P ringilla 6ar-
duèlis) sings; field crickets (Scarabæ'i) open their
holes ; and thecommon flea(P ù lex îrritan s ) appears.
2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round
London.
I n the fir s t week : various species of the pine,
larch, and fir tribes in full flower; the rosemary
(Posmarinus officinàlis), the willow (Sàlix), ancl
bay (Laurus nóbilis), in blossom ; various trees and
shrubs beginmng to open their buds.
Secondweek; the common honeysuckle/ Caprifòlium
Periclÿmenum) and some roses in leaf;
Cròcus vérnus, and other subspecies, and some
Scillæ, in flower; pilewort (Picària) and creeping
crowfoot (Panúnculus rèpens). Hepática and elder
(Sambùcus nlgra), sometimes in leaf.
Thirdweek : Saxifragaoppositifòiia, Dràbaverna,
Daphne póntica and collina, and Lonícero nigra, m
flower.
Fourth week : the peach and nectarine, apricot,
Yydonia japónica, crown imperial,
Kérrza japónica, Cydi
Saxífraga crassifòlia,
P ú x u s sempervirens, and
other plants in warm situations, in flower,
advancing to th a t state.
3. Kitcheu-garden. — Culinaiy vegetables.
Sow (3553.) the main crops of most esculents.
Drum-headed and Scotch cabbages for fieid culture.
(3454.) Peas (3.553.), beans (3570.), lettuce (3902.),
spinach (3721.), and small salads every fortnight.
(3993.) Indian cress (4035.), a few savoys (3472.)
for an early crop; and towards the end for a full
crop. Onions (3764.) for a full crop; and leeks
(3784.), some redand white cabbage(34.58.and3454.),
full crops of carrots (3666.) and p a r s n ^ s . (3676.)
Asparagus in th e third week. (3810.) Cauliflower
in th e last fortnight, for a full crop (3494.) ; borecoles
(3484.), and Brussels sprouts for autumn and
winter crops. (3477.) In the last fortnight, sea
kale (3843.), cardoons (3876.), tu rn ip s(3649.), celery
(3935.), alisanders (3893.), and most culinary aromatics,
as parslev, dill, fennel, &c. (4014.) In the
last week, summer savoys (3473.), and mustard for
seed, (3957.)
Plant (2892.), in th e first fortnight, horseradish
(4027.), liquorice (4148.), chives, shallots, and garlic
(3792.), old store onions as scallions, or small
bulbs for a full crop of large bulbs. Jerusalem
artichokes and sea kale, and in th e last fortnight,
potatoes for a full crop. (3599.)
Temporary coverings (2644.): continue these as
in last month.
Propagate edible perennials by slips and offsets.
(4182.)
Transplant the brassica tribe, lettuce, and asparagus.
Fill up vacancies. (3451.)
Dig, &c. as iu last month (2296.); form composts
and earths in heaps or hills.
Destroy insects. (2660.)
Store-room. Removedecayiiig articles, and admit
plenty of air, &c.
4. Hardy fruit department.
F/arai (2892.) fruittre es in general. Thefig(4777.)
and mulberry raaynow be planted. (4520.) Finish
planting gooseberry trees before th e middle of the
month, and currants and raspberries by the end.
^552. 4586. and 4604.) Alpine and wood strawberries
may be planted, though autumn is preferable.
(4629.)
Protect roots by mulching (2894.), and trees
coming into blossom by the usual means.
Prune (2564.) till the middle of the month ; but
finish then if possible. If not, apricots may be
pruned till th e 5th (4441.), peaches and nectarines
till the 15th (4408.), gooseberries to the 7th, red and
wliite currants to the lOth or 12th, and the black
currant to the 20th.
Dig and dress between rows of currant trees,
and other fruit trees where this operation has not
been done before. Dress any strawberry beds you
have not been able to do before. (4630.)
Destroy insects. (2660.)
Fruit-room. (2192.) Examine the fruit in the
room; take care not to leave open the door of the
cellar so as to raise its temperature above 40°.
5. Culinary hothouse department.
Glass case without heat. Sow kidneybeans to re ceive
a few weeks’ protection. Remove frames
from cauliflower plants. (3496.)
Hotbeds and pits. (1997.) Go on with hotbeds for
cucumbers and melons. (3223.) Sow a few turnips
on a gentle hotbed to come in early. (3649.) Sow
all sorts of culinary annuals. Give air and apply
linings to maintain the proper temperatures. (3332.)
Attend to pine suckers and crowns ; shift any that
may require larger pots, and examine the roots of
such as are sickly.
Pinery. (3043.) Keep sowing kidneybeans, and
filling spare corners with strawberry pots for succession.
See th at your bark-pit be in proper heat,
and attend to the temperature for this month, and
the other points of culture. Fines are now generally
shifted.
Forcing department. (3042.) Attend to th e culture
of each particular k in d ; and generally to keep
down insects by watering; promote settmg of fruit
by air, and encourage growth by steaming or filling
the house with vapours by powerful fires and waterings
over the loaves and every part of the house.
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