ré i r é ;
in 1629. Ju stice is in rap tn ro s witli it, «lescribing i t as “ a ;
flower of most liiindsomf apix.‘arance, wliicli sliould n o t be :
wanting iu curious gardens, as i t excels a ll o tlier flowers 1
ever knew in th e rloliness of its scarlet colour.” T h e re is a i
dw arf variety, h u t it is very liable to perisli. By seeds, offsets,
o r c u ttin g s ; b u t tho form er method produces tho strongest
plants. Sow in pots of rich cartlv soon a fte r tlio sect! is ripe,
ami place them u n d e r th e protection of a frame. Tlie p lants
wil! appear tho following sp rin g ; ami a fte r th ey havo two or
ttirue leaves, should be planteil in separate small pots, ami
shifted in to la rg e r ones once or tw ice d u rin g tiie season.
Place th em in an eastern exposure, nnd supply th em freely
with water. Protect, d u rin g winter, b y a f ram e ; an d the
following spruig, sh ift them in to pots, 6 in . or 8 in . in diameter,
in which th ey will flower. I f n o t m u c h exposed to th e sun,
th ey w ill continue long in beauty. Tho roots do uot la st above
two o r th ree y e a r s ; an d therefore asucccssion of y o u n g jilants,
from seed or slips, should be reg u la rly provided, ( l i i l k r . )
5154. The Fulnenl Cardinal Flo,
Bot. lie}>. 059. an d fig. 916. b) is a n ____ ________
troduced in to England In 1809, an d llowers in J u ly and
August, T h o u g h a native of a warm climate, i t lias been
found to bear th e severity of o u r winters, by being inimei-soil
in w ater, as an aquatic, an d w ith tliis trc a tm c n t it has flowered
well by th e sides of jKmds an d in cisterns. By suckers
—1, which strike " ’...............’ ...............
n ; an d b y secc „ - .
“ tlie seoil siiould be sown, as soon as it is ripe, in earth en
p a n s ; th e e artli should ho moistened, an d a fte r it h a s imbibed
th e water, th e seed m u st he spread over i t ivithout being
covered. Tile pans should be sheltered from th e frost, and
tho young p lants m ay he tran sp lan ted in April an d May.
Very few of th em rem a in more th a n th e second y e ar without
Iloivering.” This p lan t has assumed a ch a ra c te r of uncommon
magnificence u n d e r the m anagement of Hedges, w hieh is thus
detailed by Sahlnc: — “ In October, ho takes off tlie suckers,
wliicli are thrown u p from th e roots of tiie old p la n ts ; aud
jnits th em in to small p o ts; one in each pot, an d keeps them
III a co ld -fram o till th e middle o f J a n u a ry : he th en removes
tliem in to a cucumber-frame, where tlie h e at is k ep t u p to
65 ° of Fa h renlieit’s scale, b y Ilniugs o f h o t ilu n g : a pine
succession stove of th e same tem p era tu re will eq u ally su it
ttiem. I n th e middle o f Feb ru ary , th ey a re siiifted in to pots
a size la rg e r; an d a t th e en d o f March, or lu th e beginning
o f Ajiril, th ey a re again moved in to la rg e r pots, a n d in tlie
middle of May th ey a rc a th ird tim e sh ifted ; th e pots to be
used for th is la st sh iftin g a re twelves. As soon as th e plants
aro well rooted a fte r th e la st removal, tlicy a re carried in to a
peacli-liouso or greenhouse, in wlilcli th e y co n tinue till they
flower, an d a re h a rd y onougli to h e ar tb e open a ir. Wlien
thoy are p reparing to throw u p th c ir flowering stems, and
d u rin g th e ir growtii, i t is necessary th a t th ey bo k ep t very
moist, which is eflected by p u ttin g pans u n d e r th o pots, and
k e eping th o pans constantly filled with water. T h e p lants
tlius managed, begin to flower early in Ju ly , an d th e spikes
co n tinue to blow, an d are covered with flowers tlirougli tho
a u tum n . Tlie compost used in tho pots u formed o f equal
p a rts of brown or yellow ioam, an d o f le af or bog mould, to
which Is added Saud, eq u al to one fo u rth o f th e previous com-
-o sitio n , tiie wliole being well mixed togetlier. The p la n t of
roKxi.-., fúlgens, ivhich was exhibited to tho Society on tlie
mtli, by Hedges, liad been managed as above
19th of la st n
a ire c te a ; e u i as no notes of its size a n d he ig h t were made a t
th e time, tho following dimensions have been tak en from
a notlie r p la n t in th e g a rden a t Kenwood. T h e base o f tho
stem ivas n e a r 6 in. in circumferen c e ; llio h e ig h t o f th e centro
spike was 5 J f t . ; tiie shoots from th e bottom an d sides o f tlie
m a in stem were in n um b e r seventeen, risin g to g e th er ro und
tlie prin cip al stem, to tlio height o f ab out 4 |f t. fledges states,
th a t tho plants wore, in th e two preceding years, much ta lle r
tiiau th a t now described, Some few p lants were observed to
•be ratlier sliorter, an d to have a more busliy ap p earance: th is
is produced by stopjiing th e centro atom, a fte r th e last shifting,
b y which th e sido shoots become more vigorous an d fu lle r of
flower, and in tliis state th e y form handsome companions to
tliefloworing p lants of Cam pánula p y ram id ilis , whoso beautifu
l spikes of blue flowers agreeably contrast with th e b rillian t
scarlet o f th e lobelia.” (Hort. Trans., vol. ii. p. 400.)
5455. The Sp lendid Ca rdinal Flower (L . spléndens W. cn.)
(Hot. Reg. 60. a n d jí¡/. 917.), a native o f Mexico, an d in tro d
uced in 1814, may be treated lik e L. ffilg eu s; an d tlio Blue
CardinalFlowcr (L . syjthilitiea') {Jac. Ic . iii. t. 567.), a n
o f Virginia, au d in troduced iu 1665, may be trea ted i li'like
L.
•a rdiuiUs.
5456. There are several other shcnay speeies,BXieli asL. T h p n ,
speciósa, coloràta, cceléstis, p u b é ru la , an d a inoe 'u a ; a li of
whicli will succeed with tlie same g eneral culture.
5457. The dw a r f smali-Jlou-ered Lobelias may be divided
in to those with blue flowers, sucli as, óellidifòlia, deciinilieii.'-
iquetra, ClaytontdJia, a làta , liiflàta, ùrens, tenélla, iirìn u s ,
color, pubéscens, CEcrùlea, senecioidcs (Isòtonia ax illà ris
L in d i.), den tàta , ìn u n d à ta , an d th e intensely coloured e
d e n tà ta ; those witii wìiìto flowcre, su d i as, secùnda, niinùui,
m in im a, an d campannididca : an d those witli red or p in k
blossoms, such as, coryinbùsa an d ilieifòlia. All these species
a re mu ch in d emand for jilan tin g o u t in beds so as to jiroduco
masses o f flower a ll tlie summer, an d th e y aro easily propagated
b y cu ttings e arly in spring, an d k ep t u n d e r glass in
very sm a lf pots, ti l l tiie weather admits of th e irb e in g tu rn ed out.
¿•i&t' — _ ............................ ................................
an d was cultivated bv Gerard in 1696. Foi-mc.-OT --
lacing
.
flowers a re b lu e ; b u t tiicre is a white or very pale bluo
variety. In tlie shade i t continues in flower for two montlis
o r more. By seed, cuttings from th e stem, or by dividing the
ro o ts ; th e la st metliod makes tlic strongest plants in th e
sliortost time. Tlie season for tliis operation is aftor tiic
b loom has faded in September ; th e sections are to be iilantcd
in pots, an d jirotected by a frame d u rin g w inter. Iu spring
th ey m ay be transi>laiitcd in to small pots, an d g rad u a lly
shifted in to la rg e r ones, in th e m an n er of shifting balsams an d
cockscomliB. Th e p lants raised from seed. Miller says, a re
always th o strongest, th e stalks rise h ig licr, an d produce a
g re a te r n um b e r o f flowers. Good seeds are to bo obtained by
p lacing a strong-flowering p la n t in a w arm situation against
a w all or uncler a glass case. T h ey are to bo sown in pots o f
liglvt cartli soon a fte r being gatliered, protected b y a frame
d u rin g w inter, an d will come u p b i sjiriiig. 'Whcii tho leaves
decay in October, th e p lants a re to be tran sp lan ted to beds of
lig h t sandy e arth , witliout any m ix tu re o f dung, w hich is a g re a t
enemy to th is plant. Here th ey are to rem a in two years,
being protected in w in te r by rotten ta n ; they a re th en to bo
removed to th e ir final destination in Septomber or October,
an d th e y e a r following, heing th e th ird from sowing, they will
flower. T h e plants. Miller observes, o f th is species, as of
man y o thers w hich have bcMin long propagated by roots, offsets,
o r cuttings, do n o t so read ily bear seed as those which have
been rais ed from seed. Brown, in th e H orticultural Register,
gives directions for cultivating th is plant, of which th e followin
g is th e essence : — Take oir ofi'sets o r cu ttings in spring, and
jilan t th em in a shady situation till th ey have struck root.
Tills done, remove them to a very shady situation, where th ey
should rem a in twelve montlis from th e following Marcii.
T h en tak e th em u p with good balls, an d p u t th em in pots of
from 10 in. to 12 in. in d iameter, using a soil composed of
good rich loam an d rotten dung. They m ay now be set in a
Ereenhousc, in a frame, or in th e windows of a ciwelling-
ouse, where th ey w ill flower, an d a tta in the h e ig h t of 10 ft.
or 12 ft. T h e rationale o f th is practice consists in reta rd in g
th e llowcring o f Tlio p la n t b y keeping i t in a very sliady
situation, till i t has a ttain ed g rea t vigour. I f n o t k ep t in n
very shady situation, i t will flower th e first year. (Horh Reg.,
vol. i. p. 638.) Campánula carpàtica, (l'iatycòdon) grandi-
JUrra, laetifldra, an d several o th e r very showy species, may be
sim ilarly treated.
5459. The Bouvdrdia. trip h ylla Sal., of which th e re a re two
varieties, th e sraooth-lcavcd an d th e pubescent, is a be au tifu l
o rn am en t to th e flower-garden from Ju n c to November. I t
is propagated by cutflngs o f th e shoots in sandy loam on heat,
an d grown u n d e r glass in sma ll pots d u rin g th e first summer.
When th o d anger from fro st is over in tlie second year, th e
plauts a re tu rn ed o u t in to beds of lig lit rich soil, wliere th ey
¿ 0W vlg^orously an d flower freely till th o y a re destroyed by
fro s t Ou th e flrst appearance of severe weather, some reo ts
should be tak en n p an d prosorvod in a frame o r greenhouse
icuinvcvi iu 11. untucu, «11 einvc,
1 supply o f plants. Or, if this
le, th e old b e considered tc roots m ay be tak en
u p every autuiL.., .......... ..
house, or in a d ry cellar.
Flor. Cab., vol. i. u. 28.S
5460. Streptocarjius RexW may ho s
fllled with loam a n d peat, an d placed
p lan ts a rc fit fo tran sp lan t into separate pots,
preserved u n der glass till Ju n e , an d th en placed i
1067
in to a bed of peat, where thoy will proiluce a splendid ma:
flowers from May te October, ( i'/o r. C a t., vol i p 56 1
5461. Afony [/rpe«/.ei;¿ pfontó may be planted i n 'th é open
a ir III Ju n e , an d they will continue flowering all the summer
aiKl au tum n. Among tiic most ornamental o f these m ay be
rpnlaonntteiodn oeudtC, iwlpilhl efaoprmlat yac leairigtrea ,baunsahti,v ccoovfeMrecdx wiciot,hw ihtisc hc,uwrihoeuns
ta b u la r flowers, whicli a re red, lilack, and w h ite ; an d Toréntn
a siática, tlic flowers of which a re lilac with a deep rich purple
si>ot a^ the tip of each petal. Brachycome ib
e rid ifó lr -
will
- —, — rort/achycome 1 R iver Daisy, Isa beautiful an nual, which, i f raised in h.
freely m tiic^ojicu b o rd er; and Ag ératum
1 is a n o th er an n u al
in the same manner.
those of th e Brach>'come being d a rk blue, an d those of tiio
A g é ra tum a v o ry lig h t blue, which h.as th e appearance in st
liglits o f being frosted over with silver. The day lilies «,v
very h a n ^ om e border flowers, p a rticu la rly F ù n k ià ,Sieboldt-
tà n a , which has lilac flowers, an d is mu ch more elegant in its
ha liit of growtii th a n an y o f th e o th e r kinds, / ‘lumbàiro
Larpenttc, introduced from Ch in a in 1845, is an o th er greenhouse
p lan t wluch flowers profusely in th e open border and
only requires to be preserved from frost in a cold pit dùrimr
th e winter montlis. Tlic flowers a re of a flnc d a rk bluo and
they continuo ojiening for several weeks in succession, beginn
in g early in September, a n d co n tinuing th ro u g h th e whole
of iliat mo n th an d October. T h e p lan t sliould be grown in
d ry sandy soil, as Mr. Fo rtune found it sp rin g in g from betw
een tlie stones of th e ru in ed c ity wall o f Slianghao.
.5402. The greenhouse Salvias, such as formósa, coccínea
fulgeiis, spléndens, involueràta, p u rp ù re a , speciósa, Gral
h à n it, &c., aro fine p lants for tu rn in g o u t into beds on a
lawn or in a flower-garden. Old p lants may be k ep t th rough
tlic winter in a greenhouse to supply cuttings in I'cb ru a ry
a n d these, by means o f licat, may be rendered p lants o f con
siderable size b y th e b eginning of May, when, a fte r being
harilened, th ey m ay be tu rn ed o u t for growth an d tho productio
n o f siilcndour u n til winter. S. Uègla, tlie flowers of which
arc of a b rillian t scarlet, is a Mexican plant, tlie only fau lt of
winch 18 th a t it flowers too la te in tho season to be depended
upon in the open a ir ; b u t in fine au tumn s i t is very orn a mental.
S. h ian s has large b lu e a n d w hite flowers, which it
produces freely in th e o p c n a ir d u rin g the summer months-
a n d wliieh are very ornamental, from tlio briglituoss o f thè
blue, and llio clearness of th e wliite. S. patens is, however, the
most sifiondid o f all tlie orn amen ta l kinds of Gálvla, and it
differs from a ll th e o th e r siiecics in having a flosliy tuberous
root, very much resembling th a t of an Alstrcnméría. The
flowers arc very largo, an d of a rich d a rk blue. Tlie old
tuliers decay a fte r planting, an d aro succeeded b y new ones,
which are long an d slender, a n d o f a pale hrown. S. tu b i-
lormis, which 18 a very o rnamental Mexican species wltli very
numerous p in k flowers, is of little use for p lan tin g in th e open
¿ 6 3 . and arc splendid
hothouse plants, winch, however, may be grown in th e open
g a rden in the same m an n er as dahlias, the roots being
taken u p on th e approach of winter, and preserved d ry and
free from frost till tlie following spring. Tfio folloiving mode
of propagation is b y Mr. til e s , who has been singtUarlv sue
cossful in tlm cu ltu re of th is plant. “ As soon as tlm n l/m l
have (lone flowering, o r have ripened th e ir wood, c u t tliem
down a n d m ak e as m any cu ttings o f th e stems as there are
& r o I’®!«'“ ®. throe leaves to each bud.
¿ lo s e from th e top an d bottom o f the stem root more readilv
th a n those from tlie in te rmed iate pa rt. P lan t th e c u tth 'g s
separately in small pots, with th e b ud ju s t below tho surface
/offc sVtem? ! 'w" ?h"ic h forms th e cu ttm g bfee^in’tg laanidd fslaant:d yth, etnh ei iipmiecee-
d iately place tliem u n d e r a lian d -lig h t on a strong b“ wm
flno f r the h e at u n d e r th e glass may range from 75° to
8 0 ° o f Fah renheit, shading reg u la rly whefi th e sun is likelv
k ep t constantly well watered. I n thrco weeks they will be
rooted, when thoy may be grad u a lly iiardened, till they
a ’ shady paa:r t of thp sfnvo -rh..- <■-»— I
!ss tlian iroi .8 from single s
— — — iiiUB iroin a s ...„ .- o.,,..
r . " " * o f splendid.flowered plants,
, which It is found will stand th e wintei
iVihta
: a year, double th a t n um b e r m ay be ob-
_OT.±OT-». Eiustreemir
with tuberous rooM, which it is .
m d ry warm situ atio n s: such as a t the foot o f a‘''wail“ of
aowhern exposure All th e species (fifty a re known) grow
£te.5:s“° " " "y
treated ike a ten d er a n n u a l; while, if its flcsliy roots a7e ? re
served th ro u g h the w inter in d ry sand excludccf from the frost
th ey rnay be planted out in th e following spring, feftTr b rii.g
b ro i^ l it forward a short time on a hotbed.^ Th e?u ltiv atio n / f
th e Cqniinelin« from seed is th u s given in th e I rish Farmer's
a nd Gardener's M agazine: — " Sow th e seeds e arly in smrero
on a moderate hotbed, an d b rin g th ep lan ts forwwd in se mrat?
pots, tu rn in g them o u t in th e open g a rden in th e b e rim ifo / / f
M av ; o r, sow in th e open gro un d in th e beginning of Mafch
Liglit rich tml U preferable.” (IrUh F a rm la n d § / d M ^ . '
ofe ‘ Austin, in the Gardener's Magazine, vol ^
p. 231., recoinmcnds tlia t th e roots be taken u p ] an d kept to
moist state d u rin g winter, by being sprinkled “
a ir, as it does not flower till winter.
rovaic u n iig Dy Deing occasibnallv
i« tb water, i f not moist enough wfthout it, an d th a t they
should bo rep lan ted in th e bcgmuing of March, beiug again
Y feY fl P “ '® ^ra>ts o f w inter. By th is treatmomVli?
says, th e p lants may be preserved four or flve years. Seeds
whicli have fallen upon the soil, an d la in th ro u g h tiie wiuter
wiU sometimes produce p lants in th e following year
S e c t . II. B ord er~ F hw ers.
6466. Boe d er-Jiow ers are hardy plants, with showy blossoms, of easy culture, and their
use m flonculture is to decorate the flower-g.irden, shrubbery, aud other spots or borders
considered as ornamental. They are generally planted so as to slope upwards from tlic
walk ; and a great portion of the etiect thoy produce depends upou thcir judicious
arranpment as to size and colour, as flowers beautifid in themselves aro often quite lost
from being associated with others much more showy. We shall take them in the order
of porennials, bulbs, biennials, hardy annuals, and half-hardy annuals : aud arrana-e
each of these subdivisions according to their time of flowering, heights, and colours ■
indicating by letters some of those wliich requiro peat-soil ( p ) ; are rather tender ( l) '■
are most showy (s ) ; and continue in fiower for two or more months (3) At the emi
ot each subdivision wo ÿall give its general mode of propagation .and cultm-e. It may
be added, that most of tho plants mentioned as flowering in any particulai- mouth will
often come into flower the month preceding, and continue in bloom during one or more
ofthe followmg months. Hence the importance of selecting such plants as are at once the
most easy of cultivation, beantiful in appearance, and that continue longest in blossom
llowers ai-c rarest in the hardy flower-garden at the very dawn of spring, and hate in
the autumn. Every genus, species, aud variety, whose habit it is to bear flowers at
mther of those times, is, therefore, deserving of especial appropriation and cultivation
Ut tlie species of plants which blossom in autumn, it is found that the flowers of the
majority are yollow ; therefore, in contribution to vai-icgation, autumnal fiowers of anv
other colour aa-e especially valuable. Several spceies of the genus H'ster, aud tlio
vaneties, except the yeUow-flowercd ones, of Dâhlrà variiibUis, render welcome service
towards this end. Some of the plants which have been mentioned among the choico
miscellaneous flowers may be grown as border flowers, by taking care to harmonise
their colours, height, and time of flowering ; but as these flowers ai-e frequently very
showy, they require great cai-e in thcir nn-angomciit. Blue flowers, sucli as the H.mra-
tum mexic.aniim and Kaulfussio amelloidcs, may be introduced almost any where but
yellow flowers soon become ovci-powering. Tlie garden nasturtium ( Tropoe'olum m àius)
IS a very ornamental plant when sparingly introduced, but a mass of it would make all
the less sho-w-y plants in the neighbourhood have a very gloomy and dingy appem-ance.
In planting border flowers regard should be had to thcir width, as well as their hei«-lit
in considcrmg their modeof an-angement ; and they should bo so placed that each pFant
may be distmct, and not touch any other plant, as a great portion of the beauty of the
bolder depends ou care bemg talcen in this piuticiilar.
iréij
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