A, Tlic g rea t co u rt before th e palace.
B, I’ntran c e gate to the diwaan.
C, E n tran c e gate o f the gallery, le ad in g to th e gynseccum or
a p artm en t of the women, gu a rd ed by a strong b an d of
soldiers.
a. Second gate lending to th e h a ra am , g u a rd ed on th e outside
by th e sophi of tlie gatekeepers, an d with in by a b an d of
b ack eunuchs.
b b. The th ird a n d fo u rth gates of th e gynaiceum, g u a rd ed by
white eunuchs.
e c. Houses an d gardens o f th e eunuchs.
d . Residence an d gardens o f th e ro y al wives.
e e. Houses a n d gardens of th e concubines.
/ , House an d subterraneous ap artments for th e ro y al children.
q, House of the k in g ’s m other.
h h . Various pavilion!iviiions
for books a n d refreshments.
1, The royal kitchen.
k . Workshops an d i ex e;
hibition yooms of th e ro y al jewellers,
goldsmiths, an d watchmakers.
I, Sanctuary.
m . Garden o f th e hostelry.
n . Garden o f the ch ief chamberlain,
o. Garden o f th e Fo rty Columns.
p . Garden of secret
q, Vineyards.
r , Rosery, with house annexed.
s. Garden of tho butterfly.
t, Garden o f th e la rk , o r th e eig h th paradise.
«, Enclosed way.
w. Place for fo rty horses for th e royal riding.
X, Residence of the masters of tho horse.
y, Stables an d houses for grooms.
z. Hy d rau lic m a ch in e for supplying w ator to tho gynæcenra.
1, House for se ttling accounts, deciding suits, &c,
2, Royal k a ravansera (place of bnsr*—’- - c— •—
3, E n tran c e toC o s a ria ; t
lian d lse : in the vcstib—„
„ th e a tre for music : a n d o „ _____________
ments, with a shop for th e exchange o f money.
4, Gate of tho prin cip al royal temple.
5, Temple w ith incrusted sides.
C, Th ea tre for th e performance o f automata.
7, Gates o f th e Forum. 8, Commencement of th e ro y al ro ad , caUed th e T sjah ar-
baach.
ft, Karavansera.
10, P a r t of th e g a rden Musamen.
11, Vessels (an g i) of the port.
12, Pu b lic ways ; some covered, a n d some open. — (Koem p fe r's
Am oe n ita tes E xo licoe , Sic., fas. i. rei. x iü . p. 177.)
of Hafiz (fig. 209.). In the place of the sepulchre, sits a priest, who repeats verses from
the Koran in praise of the illustrious dead, and enumerates their virtues ; when he has
finished, another, and aftenvards a third, in the open buiying-place, takes up the same
theme ; so th a t the lamentations ai’c incessant. The tombs arc placed in a row ; and
the form of all of them is the same. They arc about the size of a sarcophagus, and
have each a large stone, about a man’s height, at both ends. The stone of which they
are made is of a common kind, and unpolished. On each side ore sculptured verses
from the Koran, and on the stones placed at the feet, are elegant epitaphs. Hafiz died
A . J ). 1340. (Kcempfer’s Amcen. E x o t, &c., fas. ii. rei. vi. p. 367.)
741. The sepulchre o f Saadi lies at the base of a mountain, and consists of a garden,
a tomb, and a fountain. The garden is neglected, and has only a few reeds growing in
it. The tomb is square, and has been magnificent, but is now falling into decay. The
fountain presents also the remains of a superb ornament. (Ibid.)
742. Persian gardening, as an art o f culture, is not understood to be far advanced,
notwithstanding the excellence of its native productions. Nature, as Sir 'William Temple
observes, has done too much, for art to have an adequate stimulus for exeition. Till
our intercourse with North America and China, not only the finest fruits, but the most
fragrant and showy flowers, were obtained from Persia. The aboriginal horticultui-o of
these countries consists chiefly in the culture of the native fruits, the variety of which is
greater than that indigenous to any other countiy. The peach, the palm tribe, and, in
short, eveiy fruit tree cultivated in Persia by the natives, are raised from seed, the art of
grafting or laying being unknovni. Water is the grand desideratum of every description
of culture in this countiy. Without it nothing can be done, cither in agi’iculture or
gardening. I t is brought from immense distances, at great expense, and by very curious
contrivances. One mode practised in Persia consists
in forming subterraneous channels at a considerable
depth from the sui'face, by means of circular openings
at certain distances, through which the excavated
material is drawn up (fig. 210.) ; and the channels
so formed are known only to those who are acquainted
with the countiy. Tiiese conduits are described by
Polybius, a Greek author, who wrote in the second
centuiy before Clu'ist; and Morier (Journey to Persia) found the description perfectly
applicable in 1814. Doves’ dung, the same author observes, is in great request in
Persia and Syria, for the culture of melons. Large pigeon-houscs (fig. 211.) arc built
211
210
in many places, expressly to collect it. The melon is now, as it was 2500 years ago,
one of the necessaries of life, and it has been supposed tliat, when the prophet Isaiah,
meaning to convey an idea of the miseries of a famine, foretold that a cab of doves’ dung
would be sold for a shekel of silver, he refcn’cd to the pigeons’ dung required for the
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