1886. The wate,-harrow, instead of a box, contains a barrel, tub, or cistern, in wlneh
fluid manure, or mere water, is conveyed to
different parts of the gai'den.
1887. The hand-barrow is a frame oi
wood can-ied by two levers, which form four
handles ; and is used, in gardenmg, for removing
large pots or tubs of trees, in blossom
or in fruit, which wheeling might shake and
Othenvise injure.
1888. Watering-engines are of several
species. J ^ •
1889. The pump-syringe, or hand jorcing-
pump (flg. 502.), consists of a barrel-pistou
and directing tube. The water is drawn
up through a perforated base ; and the advantage
of this engine is, that it may bo
placed in any common watering-pot or
bucket, and thus much room and some
trouble aud expense may be saved in small
gardens. .
1890. The barrow watering engine (flg.
603.) is a portable forcing pump, so arranged
as to throw the water forty or fifty
feet distance, either in the form of a spout
or of a fine shower. The cistern commonly
contains from twenty to thfrty gallons^ of
Avater; and, the frame Avhich holds it being
fitted up as a Avheelbarrow, it may be Avheeled
round the g a rd en ; and the walks, borders,
nished with a sucking-pipe (a), hke the
fire-engine, by means of which, if there
he ponds or regular supplies by pipes ^ or
wells in a garden, the labour of carrying
the water is avoided. Varioiis other ma-
ohincs of this description havobeen invented
from time to time by different persons, and
with various success. The principal fault
of all is, that they are subject to leakage.
1891. The curved-harrel engine (fig.
504.) has the barrel aud piston-rods
cuiwed so as to form part of a circle, &c.
By this constraction, the bore of the
barrels may be formed iu the lathe, and
consequently made perfectly t r u e ; the
- piston-rods move exactly in the direction
of the axis of the barrels, and, theretore,
operate with the least possible friction. F o r a portable
L L e this is one of the best. Both these engines woula
receive great additional power, by adopting the improvements
on the syi'inge by Bead (1850.). ^
1892. The self-acting greenhouse engine is a smHl vessel
of cast iron, one part-of which is filled ivith air, highly condensed
hy a piston, and the other with water, -«*1011, by
turning tbe cock, is let out by a spout either as a shower or
stream. The machine may be held in the hand, te s
stream or shower directed against any pm'ticidar p la fe
Instead of water, if tobacco-smoke be introduced, the
smoke will be driven with great force to a
distance. This machine will ttoow the water from thiity
to fifty feet, but its chief nse is in greenhouses, for the piir-
noses of fumigation, as a plant on the upper part of a stage
Lay thus be fumigated without the operator bemg nearer
L t e n the path. On the whole, it is more an instni-
ment for the amateur than the practical gardener.
S'
1893. The carriage water-harrel is used for watering laAvns the first season after their
formation, when the Aveathcr is d r y ; or for Avatering borders or other cultivated sm-faces
near a broad wall. In the former case, the Avater is delivered by a horizontal tube six
or eight feet long, pei-forated at the lower angle so as to produce a scries of horizontal
j e ts ; in the latter, a long leathern tube, tei-minating in a rose, is made use of. The
baii-el in the first case is drawn slowly along by a horse; in the latter it is nearly stationary,
and a man waters on each side as far as may be deemed advisable, or as the
leathern tube admits.
1894. The water wheelbarrow (fig. 505.) has a barrel fixed upright on a frame, with
a perforated cylinder projecting about two feet from one side. A plug (6) prevents the
escape of the Avater tiU the bai-rel is wheeled to the proper spot. This plug has a cord
(a ) attached to it, AA-ith a bit of wood (c), which hangs down on the outside of the ban-el;
the moment the waterer has got the ban-el between the roAvs, he pulls the string, and as
he Avheels along the water rapidly escapes over two rows at a time. (Gard. Mag.,
vol. ii. p. 364.)
1895. The roller water-engine (fig. 506.) c o n s is ts o f a h o rs e , frame, a n d w h e e ls , o n
Avhich is p la c e d a Avater-ban-el, a n d u n d e r i t a n ii-on roller. I t is a n e x c e lle n t m a c h in e
for laAvns and roads, as they may be watered and rolled hy the same operation; the
person who directs the water irrigating the space to be rolled, not that which has undergone
the operation.
1896. The garden-roller is formed either of wood, stone, or cast _ii-on. The first
requires to he lo ad ed ; the second, from the smallness of its diameter, is heavy to draAV ;
and therefore the third, Avhich may be formed of any diameter, weight, or breadth, is
generally preferred for garden walks. The cylinder need not be above four feet Avide,
which Avill cover most Avalks at two or three breadths. F o r extensive laAvns the horse-
roUer will be preferred.
1897. Garden-ladders arc of thiQQ swedes.
1898. The common wall-tree ladder differs from those used in other arts in having two
pieces of ten or twelve inches in length, projecting at right angles from the upper end,
the use of which is to avoid injuring the trees, by keepmg the top of the ladder at a
small distance from the Avall, and thus admitting of the operation of nailing, as well
there as elsewhere. , . ^ ^
1899. The orchard-ladder consists of a frame on low Avheels, as a basis for several ladders
which fit into each other, and are capable of being hoisted np by machinery, so that
a person near the extremity of the ladder may have access to any part of a tree with convenience,
either to prune it or gather the fruit.
1900. The three-styled, forked, and. double ladders (fig. 507. a, b, c) are also well adapted
for the ordinary pm-poses of gathering fruit or pruning. ,
1901. The rule-joint ladder (fig. 508.) is used for working on cm-vilmcai- roois either
of glass, or domes of lead, stone, &c., Avhich require panes renewed or trees nailed.
Each step or foot-boai-d has Avhat is called a stop, to prevent the feet from breaking the
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