MklltCU TO StAY.
Albilca ftltissima, màjor,
spiràlis
Anthéricum canalicul.
Drimia pusilla p.
Eùcomis bifolia (April)
Albùca coarctàta, cau-
ilàta, exuviàta, frà»
grans, minor, pliy.
sòdes, viridiflòra, vittàta
Bulbino aspliodclOìdes
'GalàxiagrandiQòrg
Albùea fràgrans, phy-
sòdcs, spiràlis
..raaryllis tiibispàtha
Eùcomis puuctàta
striàta
Galàxia gramínea
O'xalis moiiophy-lla
AUGUST.
Eulbiup híspida, aloHid.
Cliloróphytum inornà-
tum, orcliidiàstrum
Drimia altissima,
elàta, lancctefòlia
Amaryllis pumilio '
Fulbine gramínea
Drimia olàttvp.
O'xalis monophylla,
tricolor
S e c t . V. Herbaceous Dry-stove Plants.
HERBACEOUS DRY -S TO V E PLANTS.
MAUCII TO MAY.
Blfttirt Tankcrvillite p.
Bcsiòriit coccinca
Gloxinia hirsùta, and
otliers
Neóttia clàta, pietà, spec.
PWios CHiinoilòlia, cordata,
sagUtàta
Stenorhvnclius orchiòld.
A'rum divaricàtum p.
Commolina bcngalcnsìs
Gésnera Dougtàsi
Màl ica Northiàiia,
Sabini
Phytolácca octànclra
Pòthos eanniofòlia
Adiànlum renifórme p.
A'rum Oolocàsia
Begònia nitida
Beslèria melìttifòlia
Caìàdium bicolor
Gcsnora «Iniifòlia
Sinningia Ilélleri
Aehimènes, many
Begònia Evansiàiia,
macroiihylla, and
others
Caìàdium esculéntum p.
Gloxinia cauléscens,
hirsùta, speciósa
Sanscviòrg longiflòra
A'rum orixénsc,5agittil',
Begònia acuminàta
Loca macrophylla
Pitcairnia angustifòlia
Sansevièra Kuineénsi.s,
zeylànica
Treviràna coccinea
C i iA P . XIV.
Hothouse or Bark-stove Plants.
5633. Bark-stove plants are such as require the highest degree of heat : this has generally
been given by the aid of a bed of bark or other fermenting substance, in which the
pots containing the plants are plunged. Sometimes, steam (2118.), or hot water (2133.),
or flues, are applied under a vault covered with earth or sand, as a substitute for bark ; and
more recently the pots havo not been plunged in any material, nor bottom heat applied ;
but a greater atmospherical heat communicated, and tho atmosjihcrc about the pots kept
moist by watering, &c. Wc shall arrange the most ornamental species which flower
freely nndcr woody, climbing, bulbous, perennial, annual, aquatic, and reedy plants ;
and add some remarks on iialms, air plants, and ferns, which, though they seldom flower
in tliis coimtry, or have for the greater part flowers of little show, yet are grand or
interesting specimens of vegetable beings. Those marked with a stai' (*) seldom or
never flower iu this country.
S e c t . I. Woody Bark-stove Plants.
5G34 WOODY BARK-STOVE I’LANTS.
. capénsis,
buballu I
Catosbce'a spinósa
Cliarlwoódia congèsta
Clirysopliÿllum Ciiiiàto
Dracæ'na fràgr., férrea
Eràntliemum strictum
ApholàiiUra cristàta
Eugènia amplcxicaiiUs,
ternatifüiia '
Gasténia paîiiiàta
Grislea tomentósa
Uillta longillòra
Jacaranda mimostcfòlia
Jacquíma aurantiaca
Justicia coccín., quadri.
M.ilpighiacoccif.,glàbra
Mclásréma corymbòsa
J/yrtus àcris
Pavétta arenósa
Pliyllòma aloïflôrum
Fluinbàgo ròsea
Plumièria Cowàni
Poly.spora axillàris
Scliètta taworÙK/tfòlia
Solàndra viridillòra
Aciòtis aquàtica
Ardisia crenulàta,
punctàta, solanàcea
Bréxia modagascarién-
sis, spinósa
CatesbiB'a latifòlia
ardòm'a Fortùni,
Slanleydna, PincoclKa
C-órdia Sebestèna
Erànthcmum bicolor
Exostémma caribæ'uni
Gardènia amce'na
Gésnera corymbòsa
Jacquinio armillàris
Jàtroplia multiUda,
panduræfôlia
fora barbàta, cuueU
fòlia, Hàva
Lagerstrce'mia indica
Lìsiiintlius longìfòUus
Melliània ErytTiróxylon
Mur-àya exótica
Nyctèrium amnzòniura
Osbéckia chinénsis,
zcylàuica
Patagónula americàna
Pleròma holosericcuin
Quàssia amàrai^
'l'iiriiera élcgans
Wrightia coccinoa
Allamànda catli àrtica
Ardi.sia coloràta, latcìi-
fòlia, panieulàta
Blàkca trinérvia
Brówne« coccínea,
latifòlia, ròsea
Bruusfélsia umlulàta,
americàna, uniflòra
iCalótropis gigan.,procòr.
Carfssa Carùndas
Céibera Thevètia
Clcrodéndrum imniculà.
Comoolàdia tlicifòlia
Dracæ'na torminàlis
Erànthemum spinòsum
Gómphia Jabotapìta
Gossypium arbòrcum
Ilaraèlia pàtens
//ibiscus /iòsa sinénsis
Ixòra Bandhìica, Pu-
vélta, ròsea, stricta
Jacaranda tomentósa
'Justicia flavicoma
Melliània Molanóxylon
Osbéckj'a uepaìcnsis,
stellàta
Oxyànthus speciòsus
■Samyda ròsea
Spennaclietyou suavè-
oleiis
Storcùlia nóbilis
rdisia canalioulàia,
élcgans, lùimilis,
pyramidàlis
Averrliòa .Bilimbi,
Carambola
Barringtòiu'o speciósa*
Ixòra acuminàta,
javànica
CarU$a spinàrum
-lophyllus aromàtì.*
oUéndrum fràgrans
Erythrìna speciósa
Garcinia Mangostàna
Uffimadictyon venosum
//ibiscus /iòsa mala-
bàrica, Fòia sinénsis
Iscrtia coccinoa
Ixòra arbòrea, biànda,
incarnàta
Justicia speciósa
Melástoma maerocàr-
imra, malabàthricum
Meriàna purpùrea
Pleròma granulòsum
Plumièrta àlba, nibra,
tricolor, tuberculàta
Sarcocéphalus esculén-
Scliòtta speciósa
Theobròma Cacào*
ir^-sophyllnm
Coccóloba orbìculàris,*
pubéscens*
Cojfìa aràbica
Dìllènia speciósa*
Dracæ'na Dràco*
Erànthcmum crenulà-
tum, fecùndum
Ficus ÀfzelìÙJia*, elàstica*,
«ympbicæfôlia*
Jonèsta As&ca
Ixòra crocàta
Lagélia liutcària
Lécythis grandiflòra*
Lobèlta surinaménsis,
fi.rùbro
Myròdia turbinàta
Pavélta Indica
Persea gratissima
Plumièrta bicolor
/iravàdfuj» acntàngu-
lum*, racemòsum*
/trÿcbnos Nùx-vómica*
Téctona gràndis*
Thcopliràsta Jussicùa
ihymus, scveral
5655. Propagation. Ail the known modes arcoccasionally I Few stove plants ripen tlieir seeds in this countrv, and such a
adopted, butUiosc hy seeds and cutlmgs are the most general. | arc obtained arc therefore gcncraUy procured from abroad.
6056. Tropical seeds in general, Cushing observes, arc very
liable 10 lose tlicir powers of vegetation by reason of the transition
from warm to cold climates, combined with tlie length of
time which commonly intervenes between their gatliering and
arrival with us, especially if they liave been exposed to damps;
011 that accouut thoy siiould bo sown as soon as they arrive, at
least a part of each parcel. Mucli depends on tlio state of the
seeds when received. East and West India seeds Igcnerally
arrive with the regular fleets, as indeed do those from the Cape
ol Good Hope, aud all tho South Sea Islands, for the most part
by the Eastern und Cliina iBÌiii>s ; so tliat one may iu general
bo prepared against their arrival. As early spring is undoubtedly
tlie bcst time for sowing, a few weeks’ delay may in
some instances be advisable. If received late in October or
November, wait until Jauuary, or perhaps February, unless it
evidently appears that tliey will nbt keep out of the earth so
long a time in a vegetative state : such as can be sown before
August have a good chance to acquire sufficient strength of
growtii to carry thorn througli tlie wiuter months, so adverse
to the general efforts of young vegetable life.
0657. The pots being well drained should be llllcd with tho
compost suitable to the species of plant by whicli the seed intended
to be sown has been produced (see//ori./frii.): let it
bn pressed down to about a third or hall an iuch below the edge
of the rim, according to the size of the seeds ; if they are small
or light sorts, it will bo necessary to press it pretty tiglit, and
to add a little of the very line sifted mould on which to deposit
the seed, jircviously smoothing it with a piece of tliin, flat
wood, bent so as to lie ou it level. Being thus prei>arcd, iet
the seed be sown regularly on the surface, aud cover it from
about an eighth to a quarter of an inch, according to the size
of tbe seed, as before, with the same sort of line mould. But if
the seed is of the largest sorts, as, for instance, the nut or stone
kiud, no more is necessary than to press them into the earth
Wltli tho linger, and to cover somewhat thicker than is rccom-
iiieiided for tho others. In cither caso, tiie covering should
be pressed moderately on the seed with the hand ; whieh is
indeed a most necessary caution iu sowing seeds of any description
wliatever. In order to ensure tlie vegetation of hard or
very tough-shelled seeds, some have tileiu soaked In water for
a few days, say a week, or even ten days, for such as liapiicn
to be very dry, previous to sowing i a siiallow pan, iilaccd ou
the coolest part of tho Iluc in thu proiiagation-stove, is the
readiest aud safest article to receive them for this purpose;
they sliould be examined daily, and sown the moment any sign
ol swoiiiug or growth appears: this process, however, is fraught
with danger to mauy ofthe ligliter and smaller sorts.
5658. The sowing being finished, the pots must be set on a
level spot, and watered geutiy, but thoroughly, with a pot, the
rose ot wliich has been made particularly line, for this and
other sucli uses ; aud immediately plunged in a strong heat,
without whieh they will uot be likely to vegetate : if a close
dung hotbed the bettor. A regular but moderate watering,
steady heat, aud oceasional weeding, siiould any weeds appear,
is all they will now require until they arc lit to be removed into
separate pots, which may be done as soon as they have attained
a few inches’ growth above their cotyledons or seed-leaves.
'I'here are somefi uits,sucli as that oiXeliimbiuni, whose exterior
coat is so very hard tbat the embryo plants are not able to burst
through, a t least, with us; to remedy which, the knife is not
uufroquently used to pare ihcm thin, even to making a hole in
them, ivitli good effect, but uot too near the eye or part whero
they sprout. If the business of sccd-sowiiig is performed in
spring, or early in summer, the smaller sorts may be expected
to veg.'tato iu tho course of flve or six weeks at farthest ;
whereas, the larger bony kinds will sometimes remain dormant
111 the earth for the space perhajis of twelve months : this
must he attended to, else ouo miglit think them beyond a
chance ot growing, and perhaps throw them away without
examhiatioii. Whenever there is any doubt of their vegetating,
let some of them be taken up and opened with a knife ;
when it will at oncc be discovered whether they are sound or
not ; if sound, tliey must be still kept in a strong heat, and
regularly ivatered as before; for want of this simjile precaution,
valuable s-cds are often carelessly thrown on the rubbish-
heap, when just bursting thcir shell or embryo; and not
unlrequently, by that accidental check, arc so materially Injured
as to prevent more thau ono half of them vegetating
agam, It they havo been at all so fortmiatc as to be uoiieeU
and resowed. {Exotic Oard., p. 8.)
6659. Pycuttings. Besides the usual supply of thedifferent
sorts of e arth , &c., there is an o th er article necessary to be provided
beiore ivc begin the business of m ak in g cuttings ; which
IS, a few dozen of small bell-glasses (th e white glass is bcst), of
as many different sizes as aro th e pots in whicli tlie cuttings
are intended to be p lan ted : they should be fitted to tlie pot, so
as to rest on the in n e r side of it, ab o u t au in ch below tho rim ;
by observing which circumstance, when the pot is filled with
cartli, the glass wiU have room suffieient to sink a little in to
It, so as to iH-rfectlyexcludo the ex tern al a i r ; tliis is of very essential
importance to th e cu ttings while in a do rman t stato,
th a t is, from th e time they are p u t in u n til they begin to grow.
664U. Cuttings may be planted at almost every season of the
year ; yet the mouths of Marcii, Aiiril, and May aro certainly
the most proper; as the plants arc at that season plentifully
supplied with young wood, which, iu most species, produce
roots wlien made into cuttings, much sooner tlian the old wood
will if used in the same manner. When the day is lixcd upou
for this business, let a number of pots of tiie proper size be
selected, and prepared by covering thcir bottoms to tlic dcjith
of 1 In. or 2 in. with potslierds; and then, as wanted, about
half lilled with the compost best suited to the plant lintended
to be propagated, to grow in for a few weeks, when first struck ;
and the remaining part with the bcst silver saud that can be
procured, to insert the cutting in when ready. On Uie purity
and clearness of the sand depends in a great nioasure the
success of many of the tenderer kinds of cuttings, particularly
those wliich are obliged to bo kept in moist heat, as the soil is,
wheu contaminated with otlicr composts, very liable in these
situalions to cause damp and rottenness, by the particles of
putr<-fying matter generally contaiucd in mixed earths, and
the jiroporties of wdiicli are put in motion by the application
of lii-at.
5611. Ill Ihe choice of cuttings, preforenco should be given to
the Ilniiest wood of tho same year’s growtii ; and of these,
only those whose leaves liave attained their full sizeand
colour, which arc generally to be selected
d proper
e lateral
shoots; as the upriglit leading ones aro mostly too luxuriant to
make good cuttings. The cuttings of many plants, if taken
from the lateral slioots, never become proper erect stems • but
are inelinetl at all Umes to form au irregular, bushy, weak
head; this is not of small importance to such collectors ascul-
tivate piants merely for tho fiowcr; as such heads geiiendly
Eroduce them sooner than luxuriant leaders. 'The lovers of
andsome erect plants, however, choose thcir cuttings from
ilinght shoots, early iu tho season, before thoy acquire that
iriance of growth so unfit for tho purposes of propagation.
' rrcd, unless they hai
the leaves must be trimmed off close to the stem, leaving ouly
a few at the top, to allow a free respiration of the air necessary
to the life of the plant. 'This is a most essential article in the
art of making cuttings, particularly those of evergreens ; for if
they are deprived entirely of thcir leaves, or that they otlier-
vyiae flag, or occasionally fall ofi' soon after tliey arc put in,
there wiU be little or no chance of tlieir growing. The reason
JS obvious, because tbe Inherent sap of the cutting, being deprived
of these organs of respiration that kept it in motion, aud
tho cutting having no roots by tho efl'orts of which to protiuce
new leaves, the sap consequently becomes stagnated in tlie
pores of the wood ; which, liko the stagnation of the blood in
¿ ima ls, will iu all likelihood prove mortal, by occasioning an
immediate mortification.
5642. In. shortening each cutting to tbe most convenient
length, cave must be takeu to do It with a clean cut, in a
transverse direction at a joint; but by no means to leave it ex-
wscd, or to lotit lie any considerable time before being planted.
In plaining, a small dibble or other convenient instrument
should be used to press the sand sufficiently tight to tlie base
of tlie cutting, as that is tlic principal part to bcniadc fast ; as
soon as the wliolo are inserted and the surfaceof the sand
IS made level and a littlo firm, give tlicm a gentle watering to
settle them ; they should be left to soak about a quarter of nn
hour, and then covered with a bell-glass, which should be
pressed pretty tight, so as perfectly to exclude tho outward air.
I he atmosjihcric air being prevented by the glass from exlial-
ing any ot the juices of the jilaiit, all its powers are forced
downwards to produce roots, and these will soon prove thcir
existence by producing young leaves and branches. If there
arc several cuttings of the same sort, it is found better to put
them into very small separate jiots, than to put them into one
large pot, as it is found tliat when they are struck in separate
pots, they are not liable to be Injured so much by damps,
neither do they require to go througli the precarious opcraiieii
of separate petting, so soon after being struck. Should it
bo requisite to have a considerable quantity of cutlings made
at tho same time, it would be proper to have a one-light frame,
with close glasses, placed on a moderate hotbed, ready to receive
them. It should be covered with sawilust or clcan tan,
about 1 ft. deep, in which to plunge the pots; but If there are
oniy a few done, they may be plunged in any frame among
other things, provided thoro is a moderate heat.
5645. U'atering and shading. Thoy wiU now require the
most particular attention as to watering aud shading. The
w-ater must bo given twice or thrice very moderately until tho
earth has become sufficiently moist, which, if'once so, will retain
the moisture for a length of time, hy being covered with the
glass ; but tho shading is the principal care whenever the sun’s
rays fall oji the glasses, as nothing will create rottenness sooner
than letting the leaves flag, and lie upon each other, which
w 111 be tbe positive consequence of a neglect of shade. The
most ativisable method to do it is, to have a few large sheets of
strong paper to lay over the glasses w-iihin a frame ; which, at
the samo time tliat it shades the cuttings, does not prevent the
sun’s rays from oiiteriug tlie frame and clearing ofl any danijis
tliat may be accumulated tlici-eiii ; whereas, if mats aro laid
011 the outside of tlie frame-light, it is evident they will tend to
have tlic direct contrary effect. Iiowever, in the course of a
week or fortniglit, they will be able to withstand a little ofthe
rays of the morning and evening sun.
6644. While in an inactive state, they should be kept ratlier
dry, hut not let to an extreme; else tho bark will becomo
shrivellerl, and occasion a very smart falling off'amongst ihenis
on the otlier hand, sbould they be kept in an over moist stale,
tiie consequence would not bo less disagreeable, on account
ot the damp occasioned bythe air being so closelyconfiued
under the glasses; in this case it would ho of extreme service
to have the glasses wiped with a dry cloth about ouce a day,
which is quite sufflcicnt for hothouse cuttings, as they aro
not so liable to suffer from this cause as tliose of greenhouse
plants.
6645. As the heat ofthe bed declines, it will bo necessary to
havo another, properly tempered, ready, in which to iiluiige
them when requisite; or otherwise, let the old ouc berenovated
with linings of fresh warm dung ; but in such manner as to
avoid creatiug any violent degreeof heat or strong rank steam
in tlie bed; as it is better to do it often and but slightly at a
timo, it being but a trifling iucroase of labour compared with
the jirobable consequences. By this management onc may expect
to have somc of tho free-growing kinds well rooted, and
, in tho course of a very few weeks;
..................caso, it wili bo necessary to give them a
little air by taking off the bell-glasses at night, and to keep
them a little moister tliau before. If they endure this pretty
weil for a few days, the glasses may be left off eutireiy ; which
will harden and prepare them by tiie time in which it may
be thought convenient to transjilaiit and pot them separately.
56-16. In taking the belL-glasses off at nig/il, it is necessary to
observe tliat from thoir closeness they sometimes occasion tho
cuttings, more frequentlv the harder sorts, to produce young
leaves and even shoots, before tiiey have suffieient roots : If .at
any time these should bo mistaken for well -rooted plants, and
thcir glasses taken off acconliugly, in a few hours they may
bo perceived by tlioir loaves bemnning to flag; in wliich case
tlte glasses must be inimodiatoly replaced ; otherwise, If ncg
octed, tliese tender shoots will be utterly spoiled, and it will
■ a very great chance whether tlio cutting will ever produce
more or not. Sliould tlie above circuuistancp ha]ipeii, they
will be observed to be more inipaticut of damp aftcru ards; as
indeed will ull those be whicli are grow ing ; the giiusses sliould
tliercfore be more frequently dried, and kept otf until tho
leaves, &c., wliieh were under tlicm, become dry by evaporation
; lost wo risk their success, I may say, perhaps, tlicir existence,
by rotting the first weak efl'orts towards active lite.
( to !
: , t o l
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1 : ’