i io!
10. Keens' seedling, Keens’ new seedling,
Keens’ new pine, Kerns’ blaek pine,
Murphy’s child {Hort. Trans., v.
261. t. 12. ; Ti. 100., Pom. ^fag.,
t. 91.) : fruit very large, round or
ovate, and many of the largest assuming
a cockscomb sliaiio, dark
purplish-scarlet, especially next the
sun; llesh scarlet, firm, v\tth a rich
agreeable flavour; a great bearer,
ripening early in the season. It is
perhaiis the host straM licrry for forcing,
and is undoubtedly so for general
purposes, as far as productiveness
and hantlsome appearance are
concorned. This sort was raised by
Mr. Keens, at Isleworth, and was
first brought into notice in 1821:
since then it has been the means of
almost completely banishing from
the London market a race of very
bad sorts, sold under the name of
pines, or sometimes hautbois; consisting
cliiefly of the Batb scarlet,
Chinese, Surinam, and Dutch, of
the I£ort. Trans., &c. These sorts
were large and abundant bearers ;
but with tlie.se properties. Keens’
seedling combines good flavour, and,
consequently, has taken the lead of
all others in extensive cuUivation,
and is likely to continue to do so for
at least a considerable time.
11. Old pine,oi Cnrolinn, I’ine, Carolina,
Scarlet pine. Old scarlet pine. Old
Carolina, Common Carolina, Carolina
pine, l.arge Carolina, Blood pine,
Kew pine, Windsor pine, Pyne Hill,
Miss Gunning’s, North’s seedling,
Devonshire scarlet pine, Varnished,
Barham Down, Cockscomb pine,
Hegent’s favourite, Superior, Shew’s
scarlet, Borsrlorfl, grandiflora (Ilort.
Trans., vi. 195,, Pom. Mag., t. 47.):
fruit largo, ovate, conical, with a neck,
occasionally cockscomb - shaped ;
bright scarlet ; flesh palo scarlet,
firm, and juicy, with a rich grateful
flavour ; a good bearer on suitable
soils and ill proper situations. It is
so firm, and at llie same time so
abundant in rich juice, that its
greater weight is almost sulTiciout to
distinguish it when compared with
an equal quantity of any otlior sort;
Its leaves arc also of a darker green
than thoso of, perliaps, any other
kind of strawberry. It rijieiis later
than the preceding sort; and although
not so very productive as the one just
alluded to, yet iis superior richiie.ss
renders It highly deserving of cultiva-
12. Myatt’s British Queen. Very large,
ovate, succecils Keens’ seedling in
ripening, and bears abundantly iu rich
soil. Its foliage grows tall, and on this
account it requires to be kept very near
the glass in forcing, otherwise the
plants become drawn up.
Class IV . C h ii.e Straw b er rie s.
4623. G en e ra l c harac te r. Leaves very villous, hoary, with small leaflets of thick texture with verv
obtuse serraturcs ; frmt large ; seeds p rom in en t; flesh insipid in the T ru e Chile, and more or loss so in
the vaneties which have originated from it. muie ur icss so in
15. M'ibnot's superb (IIoi-t. Trans.,
208.): fruit very large, roundish,
irregularly ovate, sometimes
pressed, or cockscomb-shaped, pale
scarlet, of a polished appearance;
seeds projecting; flc.ih pale scarlet
next tho outside, wliitisli and woolly
towards the centre; flavour only
moderate. This, in strong rich soil,
has been grown very large; and in
fact, its size is its only recommendation
; it ripens rather late.
Class V. H autbois (F r a g d r ia e ld tio r ).
4G24. G e n / a l charac te r. Leaves tall, pale green, rugose ; scapes tall and s tro n g : fruit middle-sized
pale greenish white, tinged with dull purple ; flesh solid and musky. ’
14. Prolific, or conical hautbois. Double-
bearing, Hermaphrodite, Hudson’s
Bay (of some), Musk, Regent’s
Dwarf, Saconibe, Sir Joseph Banks’s,
Spring Grove, Caperon roj'al, Cape-
ron hcrmaplirodite (Hort. Trans., vi.
213., Pom. Mag., t. 51.): fruit large
(for this class), conical, dull purple;
flesh greenish, firm, rich, and per-
fumcil; an abundant bearer; ripening
at the end of Juno or beginning
of July. It is remarked of this sort
in the JTorl. Soc. Cat. of lYuits, 2d
edit., that the “ fiowers __ .....
largest ofthe class; receptacle broad;
stamens lung, and persisting round
the base of the fruit, even to tlio
period of its maturity.” Whilst this
18 a distinguishing mark of this excellent
variety, it may be necessary
to ob.serve tiiat thoso sterile plants
commonlv called males have flowers
15. Large fiat hautbois, Wliito, Bath,
Salter’s, Formósa, Lowdcr’s, Weymouth
(Ilort. 7'rans., vl., 215.) : fruit
large, roundish, or approaching to
hemispherical, reddish next tho sun,
pale where shaded ; seeds deeply embedded
; flesli CTecnish-whito, firm,
and juicy, witli the perfume peculiar
to the class; a great bearer;
ripening rather later tlian tbe preceding
sort; the stamens ave very
short.
the stamens being also long, but the
receptacle of the fructification is
small and imperfect.
“ Of al! striDvberries th e hautbois arc tbe most variable. They certainly retain a cenerai ciiaracter
f s 'is ¿'uf m f e » f e e f e 1» ' t o t o i ib » rib tle tinct, IS but little to be depended on ; the fruit will occasiona y change from globsu ldafrn toom olvnaatpte !a Lndf »th «I
contrary ; while tertilc pfantations will produce runners that may, fferliaps bcTterifo
many ol which will certain y prove so. The latter ought to be carefully looked after and extirpated’
which can be only effectually done in plantations newly formed whilst the plants are single and at thè
time they tye in blossom. It will also be necessary to observe, that, in all th e sorts of hautbois' here
enumerated, there exist h a th th e F t o lfic , and also those sterile plènts commonto c a l f o d / S
have long s ta r n e ^ . I h e latter, ought, in all cases, to be entirely destroyed. They may be distinguished
,f r „ " „ f e, Se.U S ' e d' It o l £ wf eMctho tfheey agree in having long stiunens, by their flowers being scarcclv ?n
t o t o “ ■>‘t a b f "« fruetificatioil sm.vl! end imperfect.” ( I lo r t. Soc. Cot. of I ,W « 2d edit
see that these are sound is all th at is necessary to be attended to .” receptacle. 1 o
Class VI. G reen S traw b errie s .
4C25. These^ a r e su ffic ien tly ch a ra c te rised as the F ragaria collina, and th e F ragaria viridis of botanists
The only variety that may be said to deserve notice for cultivation, is the green which usuallv has tho
S ? / / " m i s f a / u S 5 y Horticultural Sofiety it has almos? Ifniformty
16. Oreen strawberry, Grticn pine, Pine-
large size, roundish or depressed,
globular, of a powdery green colour,
tinged with brownish-red next the
sun; flesh solid, greenish, very juicy,
with a peculiar and somewhat pinu-
aiiple flavour; rii>ens iu July.
apple, Green alpine. Green wood.
Powdered pine. Vert d’Angloterre,
Fraisicr ve rt: fruit of a tolerably
Class V II. A lpine and W ood St eaw bere ie s (F ragdria semperlibrens and Fragilria vcsca of
botanists).
boeeinSgf me atnfes st heaopei Solt tohet o frtuoitS, w. nhitcoh ?in tthe e walopoinde sst rias wcobnericriaels, aanrde iyne rtyh es iwmoiloadr ,v athriee tpierisn rcoipuanld idsihff.erence
17. DBeesd AAllpp°i»n e, Des Alpoa k fruit rouge, Hot. trt.,. 1— ----!- A
rouge. Des Alpes de deux saisons à
iruit rouge. Des Alpes de quatre saisons
â tru it rouge, Des Alpes rouge, cScarlet
Alpine, Prolific Alpine : fruit the
Urgest_ of this class, conical, red ;
nesli rich and high-flavoured ; bears
abundanUy (in soils and situations
which are suitable) and in succession
from Juno till November.
18. White Alpine, Des Alpes à fruit
blanc. Des Alpes do tous les mois à
fruit blanc, Dc.s Alpes dc doux saisons
à fruit blanc, Des Alpes de quatre
saisons à fruit blanc, Dos Alpes
blanc: fruit resembling the preceding,
except in being wliite instead of
19. Bed wood. Commun rouge, Dos Bois
a fruit rouge : fruit scarcely so large
as the Red Alpine, and roundish
instead of conical ; and the plants
do not boar so long in succession ;
the colour’and flavour are much tho
20. White wood. Commun blanc,
bois à fruit blanc; bears the
relation to the White All
the Red wood does
pine. tor
grretefnn, ï w M t o f e f n f e c â l » ) ? ’" “ * ”® exception of the alpines and
1. Old scarlet-
2. Grove End scarlet
3. Keens’ seedling -
4. Roseberry
5. Gamstone
No. 1.
- 2.
- 10.
- 5.
- 4.
6. Myatt’s British Queen - No. 12.
7. Old pino - - . - 1 1
8. Blaek Roseberry - - . 5.
9. Prolific, or Conical heutbois - 14.
10. Largo Sat hautbois - - . 1 5 ,
11. Wilmot’s superb -
12. Downton
15. American scarlet .
14. Elton .
15. Coul late scarlet
i “ The plants multiply spontaneously every summer, as weli by suckers
from the parent stem as by the numerous runners ; all of which, rooting and form ng a nlant nt pv/,-/
E te d T /F F ? * ^ ! fi removal to a bed where there is room for them to flourish. Each of these, separately
P anted, bears a tn e fruit the iollowmg season, and will bear in full perfection the second summer 1
plantation of the alpine yields fruit the same year th a t it is made. 'J'he wood and the alpine come a'uifo
s e c ¿ and bring a liner fruit than from offsets. The other species are uniformly propagated bv
réf .F/t’ intention be to try for new varieties.” Knight, in making experiments, ivith a view
Fl f not breed together indiscriminately, raised above four
h u n d i ¿ varieties, some very bad, but the greater part tolerably good, and a few v /ry excellent ” Tho
S c /sH '% ¿ /n p ° n r é T th e Ilortic.ultural Society in August, 1818, and found of various
w f i S f e ' S f e S g " “ »g m to o r o i , wiil producE piants which
a rompartment of the garden by
They are sometimes, howeve
. . ..iring the fo llow in g ____
m o . Soil a n d s ite. Neill says, “ strawberries are generally placed
themselves, and it should be one which is freely exposed to ?im and -■
planted in single rows, as edgings to borders, aréd £ this way ?h™ oft¿n p r^ ffiíc e^ r^ r/r/p s '^ '’’ f o / i t l ¿ ;
ra /F ir/F ré /ré « 4 or fifth yeaí a t th e farthest.® The alpine and w S
species may be placed in situations ra the r cool and sh ad y : perhaps as an edging in the shmhherv Tn
such ¿ a c e s they produce th ¿ r frmt perfectly well, and late in theréeason, whichfs d c s i r a ™
4W0. G en e ra l c u ltu r e . 'Ih e following original and excellent instructions for cultivating the straw
berry are given by Keens, of Isleworth, a most successful grower of this fruit l i e sa/s “ I
menee with a general detail of my practice: this may be considered as applicable to all th e varieties of
tlm strawberry ; and afterwards, ín noticing each k i/d that I cultivate, Twill specify such p S u lia rfti/s
of treatment as are exclusively applicable to each.” f j e peeunanucs
4631. I n p r e p a r in g the soil f o r straw b e rrie s, “ if it be new, and, as is frequentlv th e case verv stiff it
should be trenched ; but if the bottom spit of soil, as sometimes happens" be of an inferior qm S y I
then reramraeM only a simple dig^ng, placing dung a t the bottom, underneath the mould so dug; mi
fl I n n ré Fu ré ® ®'‘ cultivation, or be good to the full depth
T l t a S i ‘" ta 'ta g " t.u p ‘I> tl>« top, piacing the dung between tbe twó
rérés/F' ir, H Obtain new plants is, by planting out runners in a nursery, for the express pur-
F 1*^ ^ supply a now plantation from old plants. With
1 espect to the time of ¿ a n tin g , I have always found the month of March b etter than any other. Some-
f F/sFF’hré “ / T J® ’ planted in the autumn, for the foUowing year, but
tiiese have always disappointed my expectations. I plant them in beds, containing three or four rows
and the plants, m each row, a t a certain distance from each other, leaving an allev between each bed ’
th e ¿ s tan c e of the rows and of the plants in the rows, as well as the width of the alleys, depending on
the kind of strawberry planted. The width of the alleys, as it will afterwards be stated may aS/ea?
considenOjle ; but I am satisfied that allowing this space for the workmen to stand on when they water
the plants, or gather the fruit, is beneficial, because I have observed in other p e r s o n s ^ im rn d f wheFF
ofréVe^/FZ/le^” ” *^^^ purpose, that great damage is done to the plants and fruit by the trampling
'^ré® ^*'® Plautccl. I always keep them as clear of weeds as possible, and on
foré/Fré 1^ A between the rows. Upon th e growing of the runners, I have
f-mJ/H/Fh ré" nec essary this is usuaUy three times in each season. In the autumn I always have the
tih n /i iF vF ’ • ré ’*■ ''®fr®®h®s the plants materially; and I recommend to those persons to
ífiré F /i ? li convement, to scatter in the spring, very lightly, some loose straw or long dung between
f i F'^r A S[Ound moist, enriches the strawberry, and forms a clean bed for the
o b S d A Fh/fo f 4 / / trouble and cost, a more abundant crop may he
?nd r "P®®s, I always cut off the runners, to strengthen the r o o t;
fo lF h p / xSfo iré gathered, I have what fresh runners have been made taken off with a reaping-hook
S ff iiF I n i S • °ré the mam plant, after ivhich I rake the beds, then hoe them, and
Fi^Fif tfFréréré K uffiess the plants appear very strong, I have some dung dug in beÍ/
FFF H P /i F’ F f ^'’®y luxuriant the dung is not req u ired ; for in some rich soils it would
Fmré hP 1 , / 4'^ífré y ^ r ° ^ I'emark, that the dung used for manure should
Frp ?n /F 4 , 4 ' , ré the stable door is preferable to spit dung, which many persons
are so fond of. 1 he duraUon of the bed must be determined by the produce of the plants, which varies
much araordmg to the different sorts ; it also varies with the same sort in different soils, so that the
particul ir"case ” ® the beds must be regulated by the observation of the gardener, in each
4633. SoTds g r ow n by K e en s. The p in e s Keens grows in a light loam, “ though no other kind of straw-
ré fi tiear a strong loam better than these. It is likewise to be noticed, that these are of all others the
/FF ¡1 f /ré- strawberries from which to procure a good crop. P articular care must be taken th at they
FIF ^ f ré ground ; for m small gardens they grow very strong, but seldom bear fruit, in con?
sequence of being so much shaded by standard trees : and 1 have observed the shade of the walnut tree
to foaf"“ fo 7 ^ 4 4 th:m to others ; for uncler it they seldom bear a t all, but run entirely
fo P '‘^"tmg the b e ¿ of pmes, I keep the rows 2 ft. apart, and put the plants 18 in. from each
other
the
/ fo, / alleys 3 ft. wide between each b e d : these large distances I find necessary, for
trusses of frmt tn my g^den-grqund are frequently 1 ft. long. T h e duration of this strawberry, with
., i ¿ n r e e years : the first year it boars th e best, the second year the crop is very good, and the third
year it is less.
4634 The scarlets m ust be treated also like the pines. “ W ith respect to distance for plantin? the beds
?L®®“ ';'®t®’ .^Put each row ¿ m. apart, and each plant 18 in. distant in the row, and make the alleys
Fporé"'''' duration of this strawberry, with me, seldom exceeds three years ”
• fo fo ¥ J “ 1 liuve «uve alwavs found to thrive best in a light soil:so il: and it mi
must be well sunnlied
with ith dung, for excess of manure cíoes does not drive it into leaf like the pine-strawber
strawberry. In p la n tiU tlie
beds,eds. each row must be 2 ft. apart, and from plant to plant, in the rows, m ust be 18in:,18in. leavinleaving » the thcTlIevs
alleys
ft. wide. 'I'here are many different sorts of liautbois : one has the male and female
blossom, and bears very freely ; b u t that ivhich I most approve is th e one which
, . ^gunsm one blossom, and the female in another: this bears fruit o fth e finest colour
ami ol far superior flavour. In selecting these plants, care must be taken that there are not too many
qf the male plants among them ; for as these bear no fruit, they are apt to make more runners than tiie
lemales. I consider one male to ten females th e proper proportion for an abundant crop. 1 learned
the necessity of mixing th e male plants with th e others, by experience, in 1809; I had, before that
period, selected female plants only for my beds, and was entirely disappointed in my hopes of a cron In
thaatt pyea; r , sus,p ectin„g m^y error, I ob...t.a..i.n. .e..d.. ..s.o...m...e.. .m....a..l.e.. b..l1o-2s1 s,o misa,L i.cvuh iHcih a Ij jpullalhce; du uin Lali eb oU-t*tle on the bed of
female hautbois. In a "few days, i perceived the fruit near the bottle to^sweU ¡“on % is''observation "l
procured more male blossoms, and in like manner placed them in bottles, in different parts of the beds
ramqving the bottles to frp h places every morning, and by this means obtained a moderate crop where
three ?a !?F F preceding year. The duration of the hautbois, with me, seldom exceeds
4G3G. The a lp in e stra ieb e r r y must always be raised from seed, which should be sown in a bed of rich
earth,_m th e spring. “ When the plants are of a proper size, which will be in .Tuly or August, I plant
them m rows at th e back of h ^ g e s or walls, in a rich, or in a very moist soil ; the rows should be 2 ft.
apart, and the distance, from plant to plant, in the rows, 12 in. Mv alpines. this vear thus managed are
3 r 2 ■
, .■Li , •( iI ■
i'i' I:’ •