j b
' I .1
I
I !
56 J7. The rooted cuUtngs being tlm
oocaeiomilly taken out of tbe frame, u
airy situations in the hothouse; but i
much longer time to inotluco roots tin
cessary to keep such still in tho franu shading and v
ated 1 til the
catering
they be
in the
■ïi»
1 the influt
a obsorv
le day, if
! of tho sun dosing
it only fot
It all requisite;
ihaded o
ill be advisable to have tli
put iuto fresh sand or soU. Thoy may theu Le
propagation-stove, where thoy - -
■ " except that,
'lading it
le midd!
md, indeed, it is necessary here
and early spring months, ihey
:ount, nor watered, except whei
aeither should the " ' '
diose seasons, rec(
i>r those made in summer, as the mould will
. requires it:
tally made at
1, as directed
■ iflicientlymoist, iu itself; and as the;
ick priiK
iciple ot vegetiition at this season, the
rially injurious, by promoting damp ai ..............
might
It is even necessary in some instances, should the cutting be
of a succulent phmt, or in any degi
to provide loam rathor dry, than
be planted and left without water,
formed thcir callositic,«, and tlie w
s.. fresh pi ■ '
io approaching that
iioist; in which they must
until thoy have completely
lunds are healed; however,
ally shaded for
. ' days, should the weather htippeii to b> _______
I t will be also necessary to dry the inside of the bell-glass]
more frequently in the winter months; as there Is generally
stronger heat kept in the tan-pit, whieh gives rise to an increased
veil a;
will i
any otlior.
liat hai
ral ma
■epa
aaiiiDd s .0 grow
6(W8. I>
mttiugs o,
mttmgs
... , let them bo managed in tho
r as those already rooted have been.
regard to transjilunting and potting the rooted
sccdlhigs sei>arately, the best way is to crow tho
iinall pots, as they can be then transph
out injuring the roots, by merely turning Ihem outof tlicii
pots, and making a hole large enough to receive eacli separately,
without dlsturhing tho ball of earth round the
The greatest nicety should bo observed; first, in tu
them out of the jiots witliout lacerating tho roots; at:
condly, in shaking and working theearth from amongst
until they can bo readily separated without brcakii
any of tlie mould ctm be conveniently preserved lo tht
much tlio better; but tho preservation of the roots shou
tlie principal object. Thoy must be immediately pott
their proper soil, in pots suited to tlic size of ll.e cutting:
atly t
ivith a rosc-pot moderately tine, bu
• she
be Hooded, or slushed witli it, as U
let it be given gently, aud time alio-
tl for it 1
into tho mould. They will rcqui
shading for a few days, until tliey li
in tlie fresh mould. {ICxotic Oard.
5049. Laying and inarching art
’..........I'l* ■
o do, bu
itiak regularly
e a oiisk heat nnd close
ivo established theiusoives
p. 20.)
rarely jtractised ou liot-
that do not produt
roots freely by cuttings, which may bo niultipled successfully
by these methods.
5050. In laying, clioicc should lie m adcof the young tender
shoots of the present year; tiie soft bark of which will sooner
fonn a callosity, and jiroduce roots, than that of tliosc of tii
s par: lularly ;o ob-
; fo rifitis , it
be lay
vill be necessary that the shouts be
surface ¡irevious Co laying, and thus
.Uy acquire a perpendicular tlirec-
pegged gently down to
left until their tops nat
tion, whicli thoy will do ............. „ Ithout this preca ^
'
it would bo extremely dillicult tu cut or tongue tliom witho-
cracking, or breaking them off; bnt If treated in this niannei
the most brittle may be layed without danger. It is a conelu
inserted to a pi
whicli is laid
certain depth 1
the layer which is
r depth roots sooner aud better than that
• the surface; tlio reason of which is, at a
lir is better excluded, and there Is a more
regular uegree ot moisture for the nourishment of tho young
fibres, when tliey are protruded. No part of the shoot should
on any iirctenco bo covered with the mould, except that which
is meant to produce roots, as covering tho whole renders it
, extremely liable to rot ; and, therefore, if any particular tender
jjlaiit should happen to be thus treated, it would evidently
ciidaii^r the whole stool.
5051. Inarching is much preferable to the common grafting,
for evergreens in I'articular: it was formerly practised as the
best means of mulliplying all the double varieties of Catnélh'oe
ainl plants of similar habits ; because their strong loaves, if
only for a few days deprived of tlieir regular support, hy being
cut clear from tho uiotlior stock, if not covered closély with a
glass, will be certain to wither and fall off; after wliich there
will be but very .deuder chance of an union. Now, however,
the Camêllùt is generally propagated by the greffe étouffée,
§ 2100. The inarching is iierformcd as follows : —Having
provided a slock, which should always bo some of the coarser
free kinds o fthe same genus of plauts, aud nearly of tho same
diameter as tho shoot which is Intended for inarching; cut a
thin slip from 2iii. to 5iii. long, about one third or something
better of the whole thickness, smoothly oil' from each of them,
in the clearest part of tho stem, with a small sharp knife; a
most necessary instrument for this business : tho bark of each
must then be 11 tied together in the exactosi manner, a t least ou
one side, aud tied pcrlcelly tiglit with good matting : they must
be clayed in the samo maimer as gratis ; and as being w ithin
doors iu a warm house will occasion the clay to become over
dry, and iu cousequenco liable to crack, thoy should, at least
in dry weather, receive two or three times a ivcek some wator
from the rose of a watorpot or by means of a syringe, to pre-
:---------i.,t proper state, observing to do it in the oveni
lest I e leave
; i . ï
being .
freqi
1 in goiieral b<> tot
events, by that tin
parent plant, by
half-way tlirough ;
aud bear thatoijur;:
bo entirely out olV
In this man
-.__Cushiui
and otlicr plants allied to
11 niyrtic, wliich are parti-
e principal objects to wliich one slioul.l direct 1
0, assiduity iu keeping up the stock by propagati,
coty 111 potting, and sliifting in the proper scat
i-ity in watering when requisito, a thorough ki
e temperature necessaryto b cessary to boe kkeepptt in tho house, :
: cleanliness ainl haliit
of shifting,;
id also mauy
iption uiKiii their kind,
ain a respectable degree of
-1_ phuits, Cushing oliserves,
, a careful
1, a regu-
wledge of
.flhe plants ingenerai.
! ro/usii.cso „1 suiiuijg, Ol lelrcshing tho roots of iihiiits with
:h properly prepared for that purpose, and transpluntiiig
im m into larger pots tlian tliey before occupied, is one of the
most necessary ojioratioiis required to kocj) them in a good
stato of growth, 'i'he quantity of earth contained in a iiower-
being in comparison so small to that whieh is requisite to
the supptirt of the generality of plants, it must be supposed
t l i ^ unless It 13 changed or augmented in due season, they
will soon exhaust every particle ot vegetative matter containeil
therein, though frequently assisted by proper water, which
doubtless contains a large poriiou of the food of vegetables;
the ¿nsequeiico of which is, to the iveakcr-growiiigaiid lender
kinds, that its salts being dissolved, and the sandy particles
winch kept it ill a free ciien st.ate washed away by the frcuueiit
aud long continued ablutions, it becomes, in the case of ill-
drainod pots for seeds, sour and coagulated : and the iilaiit
being 110 longer able lo draw its proper nourishment from it,
must inevitably decline, and at last becomes a nuisance to the
collection, l>y inducing insects and filthiness : to tho stronger
sorts, tliough in a different niamicr, it will be no less perni-
lioreby occa.nioning them to
stems, and awkward uusightly forms.
most propierfor shifting hothouse plants is
>r end of April ; if dune earlier (though
¿m e Hotliouse plauts may bo said to be in a si:iie of growth
for the greater part of tlie year) the gcnerniity of them will bo
found dormant; and therefore will nut l.ave the power to
establish themselves sull(eientiy in tlie fresh earth to prevent
a great part of thcir leaves falling off, and tho wholc plant acquiring
a sickly appearance; and, on the other liand, if done
much later, most of them will be iu a vigorous state, and it
will require infinito care, and incrca.«o of labour, to keep them
proiierly sliaded, else the intense influoiice of the sun on tliom,
at an advanced season, will have, th ugh a ditlcreiU cause,
nearly tlic samo effect ; aud reduce them to fully as disagree-
al.le a state as in tho formercase. But if taken soon after they
have inailo the first effort for the season’s growth, tlic lihrOs
being set m motion, and not having a top full of young tender
lyiiitothefresh mould;
about t
and the plants, by bemg
placed in a brisk bottom .....................
<t them, will iu the
of three or four days at fanliest bo well
neral, ablo to support thoiiisolves agains- «..ot I,. ot,in » gell'
ne
mthaeyu- rleeaavsoens.a bly expect at that season', without much dan^ger to
5054. Operation of shifting. Being fully prepared for the
rauiovai m the plants, lot a part of them bo taken to the pot-
ing-shed together, that they may he no longer cluui necessary
they
tlie s i. .
....... "■>1" «'ffiie these are shitting, the remainder
may be taken o
benches that ai
4 the tan, aud set on any of tho shelves or
■vcr the tlues, so as to allow suilicient room
i-y L.nru 11 loixeu up and turned ; and should it be sunk con-
sfoerably below the desired height, some fresh well-dried tan
should be added, aud mixed well witli the old in turning;
when done, let it be made pretty level with a rake that the
piants may bo conveniently and regularly set on the surface
when shilted. lu sluftmg the plaut tlie greatest nicety should
be used not to uyuro the roots; because, if the roots, from a
multii.hcity of wounds (ivhich arc more frequently lacerated
than cleanly cut), once become cankered, or contaminated in
adnecya iyi.i aniier, tho branches must also ho ex'pected to suffer and
5055. An old hut eiToneouspractice, followed by manv.
that of paring off the best part of the roots with a knife
18, tho t ip s ............... • • •
e agfii
r ends of the 1 which n
vithout <
undoifowdi
lollecting the tood for the s
ming the lainiug part of tbe
all,
" c :
t i t in
littlo fresli earth thrown loosely about i t :
a n i a ^ i ^ t course, they think it must then be completely
drenched or Hooded trom tho walerjiot; aud lastly, to crown
the wholc, perha]>3 set it immediately iu a pan of water; when,
1 they ouly took time to consider the mutilated state to whicli
they liavc reduced tho roots, it is imjiossible they could ever
cqiiceive them tn he m a state fit to undergo such treatment
with any kind ol advantage: but it is the misfortune of many,
who will uot lor a moment hesitate to undcruko the care of
tonclcr and curious plauts, as a matter easily understood, yet
inll not take the trouble of judging for themselves, to follow
the old waek ol cuttmg and watering, the same as they may
Have bclore seen practised on the liardicst pelargoniums or myrtles.
Though the metliod may not seom to hurt some few kinds
of strong free-growing jilants, yet it never can be allowed as a
proper mode of treatment for all plauts indiscriminately, because
theymay happen to haveaguod portion of roots: indeed,
more plants have been destroyed by this practice than by any
other particular part of tlie system of misiiiauiigement which
somc 60 bhndiy follow. Theroare instances, however, wherein
a knife is necessary to the roots as well as tho branches, viz.
when tlicy beeome rotten or otherwise contaminated; and also
to sucb as aro propiigated by cuttings of the roots, as most
species of i'elargoiiluui may be, sonic Mimoste also, and indeed
any that are observeil to produce suckers: in all which cases
they should be takeu oif with precision, and a suniciency bo
left to support the parent, if considered worth preserving.
B o o k IV . W O O D Y B xV IU v -S T O V E B L A N T S .
6650.
•areßilly out of it.s pot, olisi
tlic mots
possible t
I tha
lubst
ntlcr it im-
0110, or hiocrating
r as the slightest
is divested of its
t breaking
•efer the ft
0 ball of I-
tever 8ulist:iiice may liave been
licked out without tearing off
moiigst them ; also any eaued
.............. lily off,
., . Then proceed to
,tted
lOts, by geutiy patting them on tl
intl; or otherwise, by pressing it
le earth without cracking the i
f e i , ■ ' ......
.0 roots to about half an iiicli bolow the rim of tiie pot, on
liiclisst tho plant; aud add more earth, lightly shaking it
among tlio fibres; let the wliole lie pressed moderately tiglit,
lido of the ball with tho
' as to opeu the pores of
ts: shake off any loose
it liard ill the least degree, nor liy a
of
lek for urpose, other
e former practice, by which tli
tremely liable
raise tfie surf: .................................
deptii witli watering, and smootli
the hand.
• 5657, Two or three assisiuntswiU befound necessary, ivhere
there is much ofthis work to be done; one of thoso should he
lely liable to be torn or bruised ; add mould sumcient to
■ the surface level with tlic rim, as it will settle to a proper
lie off neatly with
ipplpng pots and other necessaries
cl tviiie
lid ho
tl pcs-
done,
rately
their
in washing a
may happen :
.)» old one. V
ing nt
using from insects, sec., any plan
<1 in need before shifted; and in tyiiii
r sticks afterwards: neiv sticks sho
J liotiiouso plants in particul
■hour more or less of the sever
iiierous insects iviiicli intest these dop.irtnients. This
let tiio plants ho set on a levei spot together, anil mod.
watered witli a fine-rose pot, iicld at a distance abov.
tops so as to give the loaves a good rinsing; but observe tn give
no more ivater than is suflicient to settle the fresii mould
to the roots, and hy no means to slush or give the surface that
puddled appearance, so very disagreeable to be observed in
departments where neatness shoulil be the uniform and leading
prinriple. Having thus finished tlic first division, let
tlicni ho immediately taken to the stove, to be set on the fresh-
turned t,in for tlic present,' and thoso tliat remained tliore,
• ' ‘ shed to be treated and shifted in the same nian-
8 shifted, thoy may be partially
ing tlic pot about half its depth
ner as tho
56.58. liVii-u the whoU Bunged for a few days;
osely into the tan, to avoid the danger tiiat
a heat arising in the p it; ivhich is frequently the case when
i t has been recently lurnod or augmented. However, there
must bo a pretty brisk fire-heat kep't up in tlie house, until the
plants recover from tiieir inactive state, the unavoidable con-
its being so recently disturbed. Thoy will
t this time by a moderate use of the hand-
tiiiig before the sun lias begun to act upon
Iso by raising a strong steam in the house,
-ing water ou the tops and sides of the warm
freely treated in tliis manner,they ■ ■ ■ • . . • yppy
be much benofit«! a
syringe, in the mon
them with force;
to be done liy tlin
................
pernicioui
hiiil t
0 plants il
•' 1 ivlic
1 general, and at
n they have hei
dciably depend c
h'ov
leiuilgmontof hit
of them will require
IV d:iys, ivhcn tlie ilan-
lay be plunged neatly
in inlens, is
clean and t
.•ulariy 0: •ntialp: of the
•hich.
heat
regulated on
well cleaned
e plants which require t',
beiug Iiropcrly plunged, and tho iciimiiiing
the different benches or slielves, let the pin
out, when littlo more will be necessary for . ................
watering when roiiuisite, syringing, steaming, and attention
to the degreeof heat necessary to be kept in the house at
this season. This should in genorai be about 60°. I f it
is kept much lower, it will considerably retard the plants in
recovering their vigour; and If many degrees liighcr, the frco-
growiiig kinds will soon overtop, .and materially injure the
weak and more tardy sorts, unless prevented; besides themselves
jiecnming unsightly, the consciiuonce of being drawn, or forced,
into long weak ungainly stems.
56,'>9. Insects. As the hent increases with the advancing
season, the different species of insects to which these departments
arc lialiie will multiply incredibly. Those wliich seem
to make tho greatest havoc amongst iiiapts in the hothouse
arc, the green fly, the thrips, the nie.aly white hug, the great
scaly bug, the small scale or tho pine-bug, and the red-spider:
tho bast, aithouqdi tho smallest, is by far the most destructive
of any of the specie,« that exist in these departments.
5000. For Ihcfi/and thrips, there is no processwhich seems
tn take so much efl'ect on them, ns a strong fumigation of tobacco
; repeated twice or thrice, according to the strengtli tlio
insects may havo attained.
6661. For f/i« friiir«, there is none of the sevei^al expensive
methods nieutioned in different authors so effectual, as siinplv
picking them off: this m.ay be said to bo tedious, but then it
has surety to plead iu its behalf; be.sides, that tlie plants aro
in no manner disfigured hythe operation; hnt unless regularity
bo observed in looking for them, examining plant by plant
and leaf hy leaf, from top to bottom, and also any incisions or
cracks that may be i:i the bark of tlic stem, &c., tliere will be
a constant and tiresome employment; on the contrary, if regularly
done, ojio operation will lie of more service than flve,
if executed in a careless Inattentive manner. As oaeh individual
plant is picked, it should be carefully washed with a
strong lixivium of soft soap and water, which will have a
powerful effect 011 thcir eggs, ivliicli are in general so small
as to elude tiic eye, or perhaps so situated within the young
buds that they cannot be got at without inateriailv iiiiuring
till- future growth; the wash will, however, penetrate into
' olds, and in general be fully adequate lo their
which a little of tho lobacco as nsed for fnniigating lias
r, all tho joints c>f tlic wood-work,
ÎS or other crevices may liapi>en to
selves for breeding.
aly bin
Tliis I
of th
Itiphcatio
5l!«5. The rcd spider, the last and most pernicious of tiie
species nicntioiiod, is to bo overcome neither by fumigation nor
picking: but by the freo but well-directed use of common
ivater; either by steam or with the liand syringe. The steam,
by creating a fme dew in the house, prevents the in.soct from
extending its slender wel) from leaf to leaf, and thus cliecks
Its progress: while the syringe, by superior force, breaks tho
ligaments of those alreadj' made, and in most instances wasliea
»1.» :----- tho ground; ■where, although it may recover its
fall for tho
iligcnce. greatest
. - - - - - .......... (i application, iUs i't. .... ^
They will sometimes, however, elude th
fur awliilo, by collecting under large
;h serve tlieni as citadels against the attacks
hero they will soon betray themselves, by Cro,.OTOT,-
d substance of the leaf for their sujiport, iu cotise-
•hich it loses its verdure and becomes conspicuous •
found, should bo picked off, and taken out of the
■diately; foriflcft any where among the plants, they
ttic lime establish themselves 011 others, If they
1C discovered before the leaf has lost its beauty they
.rizontal
>f tho
g the fliii
lence ofv
is, when
happe:
...ay bo riihbed off with the hand on a sheet of paper ■■•'’' — -
pellcil the premises. - *'......................-
arfhi
cd in these
t, in
opera
intityofw
.1 the
:e pots particularly which .
ingiiig must be omitted, and
’ " ....................... e reasonplungod
iu tho bark-bcd, tho
use made of the steam o
ably dry. Neitlier shot............ ................. ............
freely upon the plants, lest thcir leaves become in coiiscciuence
disfigurcil. For the wafor forms itsidf into little spherules,
the surfaces of ivhich hich collect tin.tiie
rays of the
or less degree — according to tlicir
..................... .
leaves
are disfigured by bei
sphori....
6601. iS'wwnier trc(Tfm«ui. As the se.ason advances, it will
become necessary to admit a reasonable portion of air 011 all
fine sunny days, and also to decrease tlie strength of ilic fires
at night: but in those particulars, the only criteria to bo
:periencc and observations on tho weather,
whieh render it utterly impossible to lay
guided by
the variati'
Uow'i
of tl ■ th.
uometer, observing
the begi
;t by, farthc e admonitioi
5605. Tou-an
erving to keep it pretty near to 60°.
middle of May at farthest, fires may
•eiy ; as tlie natural heat of the season, united
ai'k-beii, irill in general bo found suflicicnt to
ry Ul) to the nbovc-montionod noiiit. Js the Inf ind’ ofJur, ■• • ' -
•ill generally b e .............^ -
•ill be tiiereforc requisite to rt
-hod, to cheek nnd liardeii tli
y be .ablet» boar the air of Hie
ch will bl of considerable ad'
any of them rci
mny be in that st:
pectcd),
(and that .. ..
be reasonably
then ■
, ley must be removed
•d, where, the tan being p
wise iiropi rly prepared for thi
mediately ro)>lungi-d; if no su
deep liotbeil frame, set on a go
11
theplants by thist
•ant free state of gro
he pote quite out o
Mihouso for a few w
ige to them the ens
of a sickly appear
my p.art
and other-
lust bo im-
a large
10 il
ifhiii tho fra
'Vdus
lay hai
of five
•isly forked up,'
ception, they m
)use is conveniei
■d of ivcll-prcpai .. ___
purpose ; liaving 9 in. or
ad regularly over tlic bed
are to bo plunged.
- - ’ - "ew days should
•am anil violent
• tlio expiration
ir pots may be
11 a little time
rucfioi
part I be well 11 shed w
!)•, fvei-y
suds, in
in which ti.. , ______
11 the bed has been got renn
the plants are set in it, that
e sufficient time te cvajiorat
days, however, tlie plants
set oil me surfnee, where they sliould
longer ivithout being plunged ; but partieular caro is necessary
that the frame at this time mny not be kept too dose, ivliieh
would occasion the heat to ascend more rapidly than theplants
could well bear: to avoid this, givo plenty o f air iu the daytime,
and aiso a little at niglit, with a mat hung before it to
prevent the sharii air entering into tlio frame. Wlicn tiie heat
of file bed has attained a iiropor temperature, so tiiat there
may bo no danger of the roots being burned or otiienvise injured,
let the plants be plunged, and afteixvards treated in ihe
...................-AS if tlu . ro.
•rving to keep those that ni
othing can bo more injurio
• • • of Its in
the liotlio
eak state r
ly through IV
'luled to be sirof
V
Itili i
dtlypl:
ibility to imbili
ph
e greenhouse
IVllil
)uiy ob-
■r dry ; as
too much
derablc Increase of fresh a'iron all finii days; and also (the pots
being quite outof fhe tan) they wiil require a greater portion
of-water than has been usually given them wlien plunged.
5667. As soon as the wenthcr becomes selUed,auil the night
perfectly free from all chilliness and frost, wbieb U »rol,i„rtro
much before tiic middle of .1 uly, the nlai
may witli safety be
removed from the stovo to tho greenhoii
on tho bondics lately occupied by tho greenhoi
• regularly
se plants.
which they will ornament very much, during tlu
latter are set in clumps in the open air. Tlie stove may in
tliis interval he furnished ivitli a few of o.acli of the different
tender annuals, to give it .something of a gay lively appearance.
They will likewise in some dieasnrc serve as a kind of
natural trap for tlie spider, &c.; as tliey will, should tlu-» ••»
any of tlieni left in tlie liouse, immecli lately '
attack the
tender leaves of these ph
lumber
othe substifu
. the ope:
upo:
will c
tliousc pl.ar
‘ jiretty fre
ouse, will I
t liul.
ting air only on fine days ; tl:
becomes nccessi
the bark-bcd.
These being 11
tlasses close at night ;
tclude unyc