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228 38. A S P L E N I U M , . A T H Y R I U M .
Hab. Arctic Europe to Madeira, tbe Canaries, Algiers, Crete, Himalayas (10-12,000 ft.),
Kamschatka, and Japan : Africa—Abyssinia, Natal, Cameroon Mountains (7,000 ft.) :
America—Sitka and Labrador to Cuba, Caraccas, and Venezuela. Of tbe common
European forms A. Filix-foemina is a large plantwith narrow lanceolate deeply pinnatifid
pinnules ; A. rhoeiicum, Roth, is smaller, with the pinnules broader, and not so deep y
cut ; A. molle, Roth, thinner in texture, with oblong rhomboidal pinnules \ in. broad ;
and A. latifolium, Bab. (non Presl), a form with the pinnules so broad that they are considerably
imbricated. The N. American A. Martensi, Kunze, and A. Galeottii, Fée, do
not seem safely separable. The E. Indian A. pectinatum, Wall., is very thin in texture,
and has deeply-cut pinnules, with narrow spreading segments. A. tenuifrons, Wall, is
like A, molle, but with the midrib of the pinnæ and pinnules beset with firm yellow
spines or strigillæ ; as is also the case with various Indian, Ceylonese, and Javan forms,
■with narrower, more slender, and more straggling pinnæ and pinnules,—as A. gracile,
Don ; A. stramineum, J . Sm. ; A. tenellum, Wall. ; A. proliferum, Moore ; and the
S. American A. Damheyi, Desv. The Abyssinian A. Sehimperi, Moug. and Fée, has a
creeping rhizome, firmer texture, and a bright stramineous rachis. The Natal A. laxum,
Pappe and Rawson, is like ‘A. rhæticum, but firmer in texture. Plants from Vancouver s
Island and the Rooky Mountains have round sori, with slightly-developed ovate involucres
; and a plant found by Mr. Stansfield in Yorkshire, very delicate in texture and
bright-green in colour, with pinnules quite cut down to the rachis into linear-lanceolate
segments, which are again deeply incised, produces involucres only very rarely, and is
the Phegopteris pluriosa of J . Smith (B. and F. Ferns, p. 269).
193. A. (Athyr.) oxyphyllum, H k . ; st. firm, erect, 6-12 in. 1., straw-coloured,
clothed at the base with large lanceolate-acuminate reddish-brown scales ; f r .
1-2 ft. 1., 6-12 in. br., lanceolate, with several distant pinnæ on each side, which
are 4-8 in. 1., 1-2 in. hr. ; pinnl. lanceolate, sometimes auricled on the upper-
side, in the larger forms again pinnatifid, teeth mucronate ; texture subcoriaceous ;
rachis firm, naked, straw-coloured ; veins regularly pinnated ; sori in two rows
on the pinnæ or pinnl. midway between the midrib and edge ; inml. oblong-
r e n i f o rm . - « / . Sp. 3. p . 221. A. drepanopteron, A . B r . Lastrea eburnea,
J . Sm.
Hab. Himalayas (ascending to 7,000 ft.), Java, and Japan.—The midrib of the pinnæ
on the upper side is often spinulose. This is as variable as A. Filix-foemina in size and
cutting, but the texture is rigid, and the involucre much more like that of Lastrea.
194. A. (Athyr.) aspidioides, Schlecht. ; st. tufted, 6-12 in. 1., stramineous,
slender, naked, except a t the base ; f r . 1-2 ft. 1., 8-12 in. br., ovate-deltoid, tripinnatifid
; lower pinnæ 6-8 in. 1., lanceolate-deltoid ; pinnl. lanceolate, cut down
below nearly to the rachis into inciso-pinnatifid ovate segm. 2 lin. br. ; texture
herbaceous ; colour dark-green ; both surfaces naked ; rachis^ stramineous,
slender ; sori copious, oblong, th e lower ones curved.—/3, A . scandicinum, Presl ;
f r . larger and more finely c u t ; segm. deeply pinnatifid, with narrow linear
divisions, the whole breadth of whicli the sori sometimes occupy.—A. multi-
sectum. Brack. H k . Sp. 3. p. 223.
Hab. Ecuador, Sandwich Isles, Neilgherries, Madagascar, Fernando Po, Cape Colony.
—The extremes differ widely, but some of Dr. Spruce’s American examples quite correspond
with the Cape and E. Indian plant.
195. A. (Atliyr.) hremsorum, Wall. ; St. 12-18 in. 1., erect, slender, naked,
greyish ; f r . 2-3 ft. 1., 9-18 in. hr. ; lower pinnæ 1 ft. or more 1. ; pinnl. lanceolate,
distant, 2-3 in. 1., 1 - lJ in. br. ; segm. lanceolate, j in. 1., 2 lin. hr.,
deeply and sharply toothed ; texture herbaceous ; rachis naked ; lateral veins oi
the segments forked ; sari small, 6-12 to a segm., in two rows near the midrib,
the lower ones curved, often double.—H k . Sp. 3. p . 229.
Hab. Ava and Mishmee, and gathered lately in the Sandwich Islands by Dr. Hille-
braud.—Like A. achüleoefolmm in cutting, but muoh larger and more compound.
196. A. (A th y r.) conchatum, Moore ; st. 2 ft. or more 1., stout, e re c t; f r . 3-4
ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; lower pinnoe lanceolate, 9-12 in. 1., 2-3 in. br., with numerous
lanceolate p innl. on each side, which are cut down to a winged rachis into
linear-ohlong spreading inciso-crenate segm. |- 1 in. 1., J in. hr. ; texture herbaceous
; veins one to each tooth ; sori short, oblong, in two oblique rows near the
midrib ; invol. brown, subcoriaceous, persistent.—H k . Sp. 3. p . 231.
Hab. West Indies.—We include here four species of Fée — his Athyr. conchatum
and Hypochlamys pedinata, Tussaci, and squamulosa. His genus Hypocldamys is characterized
by having the sori on the lower side of the vein and the involucre opening
towards it.
197. A. (Athyr.) fimbrialum, H k . ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., firm, erect, clothed
below with dark-brown scales ; f r . 2-4 ft. 1., 12-18 in. br. ; hwer pinnæ 6-12 in.
1., 2-3 in. br. ; pinnl. lanceolate ; segm. subdeltoid, distinctly stalked, deeply
and sharply inciso-pinnatifid, with mucronate te e th ; texture herbaceous but
firm ; rachis strong, naked ; sori close, copious, broadly oblong ; invol. oblong or
subreniform, convex.—H k . Sp. 3. p . 234.
Hab. Himalayas, ascending to 8-9,000 ft.—Distinguished by its large compound habit,
firm texture, and subreniform involucre.
198. A. (Athyr.) umhrosum, J . Sm. ; st. 1 ft. or more 1., strong, erect,
brownish, clothed below with da rk scales ; / r . 3-6 ft. 1., 12-18 in. h r .; pinnæ
ovate-lanceolate, 12-18 in. 1., 3-6 in. hr. ; lanceolate, close, cut down to
the rachis into numerous unequal-sided elliptico-rhomboidal lohes, in. 1.,
2 lin. br., which are deeply inciso-crenate ; textitre herbaceous ; colour bright-
green ; veins pinnate ; sori close, copious, oblong ; invol. large, tumid, membranous.—
Allantodia, R . B r . A. australe. Brack. H k . S p . S. p . 232.
Hab. Madeira, Canaries, Azores, Guinea Coast, Himalayas (ascending to 6-8,000 ft.),
to Ceylon, Java, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.—I cannot point out any character
to distinguish the Australian from the Madeiran plant. The Javan A. muricatum,
Mett., has a muricated stem. This differs from the species retained in Allantodia by
the involucre bursting not in the middle, but along the edge, as in the other species of
er ; St. firm, erect, naked, dark
)r. ; lower pinnæ 6-9 in. 1., 3 in. br..
199. A. (A th y r.) woodwardioides, Baker
chesnut-brown ; f r . 2-3 ft. 1., 1 ft. or more br. ;
pinnl. lanceolate, slightly stalked, I J in. 1., J iu. br., cut down two-thirds of the
way to the rachis into linear-oblong subfalcate finely-toothed lobes ; texture
herbaceous ; rachis and both sides naked ; veins pinnate in the lobes, with 4-6
veinlets on a side, the upper ones forked ; sori oblong, confined to the lower
lobes close to the midrib and not reaching more than halfway to Hie
Brachysorus, Presl. Allantodia sylvatica, Blume. A th y r. basilare. Fée. Dipl,
brevisorum, J . Sm.
Hab. Philippines, Cuming, 153 ; Java, Riitmc.—Resembles in habit A. polypodioides.
§§§§§ Diplazium, Swartz. Veins fre e, the sori and involucres extending to
both sides o f some o f them. Sp. 200-263. Fig. 88. f.
* Frond simple, entire or very nearly so. Sp. 200-202.
200. A. (Dipl.) lanceum, Thunb. ; st. scattered, 4-6 in. 1., slightly fibrillose ;
f r . 6-9 in. 1., J-1 in. br., attenuated gradually upwards and dovvnw'ards, the
edge entire or slightly undulated ; texture coriaceous ; veins pinnated, all reaching
the edge ; sori linear, irregular, reaching nearly to the edge, b u t not to the
midrib.—Hk . Sp. S. p . 235. A. subsinuatum, « / . é Or. Ic. t. 27. Triblemma,
J . Smith.
Hab. Himalayas, Ceylon, China, and Japan,
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