• í attaining a length of 6 inches or more. The apothecia are rare in Britain,
though numerous when present. They are dirineau in appearance, superficial,
somewhat prominent, chiefly marginal, with the pruina at length
evanescent. The spermogones have the spermatia 0,012-15 mm. long,
scarcely 0,001 mm. thick.
Ilah. On rocks in maritime districts.—Distr. Local though plentiful
where it occurs in the Channel Islands and in S. England; very rare in
the islands of S.Y’. Ireland.—B. M. : St. Ouen’s Bay, Beauport Bay, and
St. Brelade’s Bay, Island of Jersey ; Jerhourg and Petit-Bot Bay, Island
of Guernsey. Bolt Head, Devonshire ; Logan Rocks, near Land’s End,
Tintagel, the Lizard and Lamorna Cove, Cornwall ; St. Mary’s, Scilly
Islands.
Tribe A 111. S I P H U L E I Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherb. v. (1857)
p. 97 ; Syn. i. p. 261.
Thallus podetiiform, simple or frutiouloso-divided, somewhat
tough, usually opaque, often affixed to the substratum by radical
branohlets, internally either with a dense filamentose medulla or
fistulöse. Apotheoia not rig h tly known. Sqjermogones (in so far
as detected) innate.
This smail tribe is composed of three genera, Siphula, Fndocena, and
Thamnolia. The last only is found in Britain. As the apothecia are unknown,
the systematic place and even tbe value of tbe tribe are somewhat
uncertain, Siphula is near to Roccella and Thamnolia to Cladonia.
35. THAMNOLIA
Ach. in litt. 1819, ex
Schær. Enum. (1860)
p. 243. ------ Thallus
formed of stipites or
podetia which are cylindrical
or somewhat
compressed, subulate
or cornute, imperforate,
simpileorsomew h a t
brauohed, acute at the
apices, internally fistulöse
; cortical layer
composed of small cells
laxly united. Apothecia
no t rightly known.
Spermogones innate,
pale, w ith long jointed
sterigmata ; spermatia
cylindrical, ohsoletely
thickened a t either
apex.
Fig. 38.
Thamnolia vermieularis Schær.—a. Longitudinal
section of thallus, X200. h. Vertical section of
a spermogone, X 30. o. Sterigmata and spermatia,
X 500.
The fistulöse podetia and the gonidia allv this to Cladonia: the spermogones
are similar to those of Bxomyces. while the continuitv of the
cortical layer separates it from the former. The apothecia have been
described by some authors as similar to those of Roccella, and by others
to those of Cladonia, but both are apparently erroneous.
1. T. v e rm ie u la ris Schær. Enum. (1850) p. 243, t. ix. f, 7.—
Thallus prostrate, ascending or erect, simple or bifurcate, smooth
or longitudinally rugulose, somewhat disqjorsed or stipitate, chalky-
white or whitish (K-1-yellow) ; apotheoia unknown.—Mudd, Alan,
p. 68 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 23 ; Loight. L ich. Fl. p. 83, ed. 3, p. 76.
■—Gladonia vermieularis 8m. Eng. Fl. v. p. 2 3 4 ; Mudd, Brit. Glad,
p. 34. Cexiomyce '! vej-micularis Hook. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 65. Cerania
vermieularis Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 413. Lichen vermieularis Sw. in
Linn. fil. Mctli. AIuso. (1781) p. 119; Dicks. Crypt, fasc. ii. t. 6.
f. 10 ; Y’ith. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 41 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2024.—B rit. Exs. :
Cromb. n. 13.
Easily recognized hy the fonn aud babit of the thallus, somewhat
resembling small white worms, whence its trivial name. The stipites are
simple, but sometimes more or less shortly branched. The apothecia
have not yet been certainly detected ; for in the absence of any fertile
specimen it is very doubtful whether the “ tubercules ” figured by
Dickson, I. c., corresponding to those described by Swartz, be really the
fructification. Massalongo, Flora, 1856, p. 234, and Fries fil. Lich. Arct.
p. 161, represent the apothecia as being Cladonieine, but this is still very
doubtful. The spermogones are also very rare. They are somewhat
large, lateral, margined by the tballus, entirely white or colourless, with
spermatia 0,004-5 min. long, scarcely 0,001 mm. thick. (In the thallus
occasionally are found two parasites, Microthelia vermicularia Linds., and
Endocarpon Cromhiei Aludd, both of which are evidently fungi.
Hah. On the ground among mosses and heaths in suhalpine and alpine
regions.—Distr. Very local and rare on the mountains of N. AVales aud
N. England ; general and plentiful on all the higher Grampians and the
N. Highlands of Scotland ; not seeu in Ireland.—B. M. : Cader Idris,
Merionethshire ; Skiddaw, Cumberland. Ben Lawers, Craig Calliach,
and Ben V’rackie, Perthshire ; Clova Alts, and Canlocban, Forfarshire ;
Lochnagar, Morrone, Glen Candlic, Ben-naboord, and Cairntoul, Braemar,
Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire; Ben Luighal, Sutherlaud-
sbire ; Hills of .Applecross, Ross-shire.
A’ar. p. t a u r ic a Sohær. Enum. (1850) p. 244.—Thallus v en tri-
coso-subulate, suberect, recurved, and cornute a t the apices, often
divergently branched, th e branches cornute and subulate.—Cromb.
Journ. Bot. 1885, p. 195.—Lichen tauricus AVulf. in Jaoq. Coll. ii.
(1788) p. 177, t. 12. f. 2.
Differs in tbe more turgid and erect stipites, and in tlie form of their
apices. Like the type it is never found with apothecia, though, as
observed by Nylander, Lich. Scand. p. 68, it occurs spermogoniiferous.
Hab. On the ground in alpine places.—Distr. Extremely local and
rare, having been found only on one of the N. Grampians, Scotland.—
B, JI. : Near the summit of Cairngorm, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.