I t
Lioh. FI. p. 144, cd. 3, p. 133. Squamaria candelaria fl. pohjcarpa
Ilook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 51 ; 8m. Eng. El. v. p. 198. Psoroma p o ly -
carpimi Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 446. Liehen polycarpus E h rh . Exs.
(1785) 11. 137 ; Eng. Lot. t. 1795.— Brit. E xs. : Leight. n. 265 ■
■ Mudd, n. 86 ; Larb. Lioh. Hb. ii. 47.
Characterized hy the less developed granulato-coiiglomerate thallus,
winch occasionally spreads somewhat extensively, and by the crowded
apothecia, wiiich uiay be so numerous as almost to cover the lobes except
at the imiuodiate circumference. The spores are somewhat smaller than
in P. parietina. Iu less favourable habitats it occurs in small, orbicular,
isolated patches.
^ Hah. Ou old pales and trees, chiefly larch, in maritime and upland
districts.—Distr. Found here and there throughout England, in N. Wales
and iu the Central Highlands of Scotland ; not yet seen in Irelaud —
B. M. : Yarmouth, Suftblk; St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex; Kemble,
Gloucestersliire ; Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire ; Twycross, Leicestershire;
near Oswestry, Shropshire; Island of Anglesea ; Redcar, Cleveland,
1 orkshire; uear Hexham, Northuraberiand. Fiiilari» and near
Lawer’s Inn, Killiu, Perthsliire ; Durris, Kincardineshire.
Form lohulata Cromb. Grovilloa, xv. (1887) p. 78.—-Thallus
effuse, scattered, pulvinate, yellowish-orange ; lobes very short,
roundly crenate. Apothecia minute, numerous ; spores 0 ,0 1 2 -1 7
mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -8 mm. thiok.— Physcia p a rie tin a e. lohulata Mudd,
Man. p. 113 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 38. Lecanora lohulata Fldrke,
Deutsoh. F l. Exs. (1821) n. 14.— B rit. Exs. : Mudd, n. 86.
Probably a starved state of the type, with which it ofteu grows associated,
and from which it differs in the smaller and usually more scattered
thallus and m the minute apothecia. Occasionally the thallus is only
sparingly visible around the apothecia.
Hah. On old pales in upland districts.—Di'sir. Only in N. EnMandand
among the S. and N.E. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. ; Cleveland, Yorkshire.
Killin, Perthshire ; Durris, Kincardineshire.
5. P. ly ch n e a Nyl. Carroll, Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 288.—Thallus
effuse, miorophylline, ascending or eroct, laoero-laciniate, orange-
coloured or tawuy-yellow ; beneath paler ; laciniæ narrow, disseoto-
multifld, crowded, entire aud usually granuloso-pulverulent a t the
margins (K+™^®* C aCl_). Apotheoia subterminal, sc a ttered,
moderate, concolorous, the margin entire or crenate ; sporos
0 ,0 1 1 -1 7 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 1 mm. thick.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv.
p. 78.—Physcia parietina subsp. lycJinea Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 38.
Physcia parietina p. lychnea Mudd! Man. p. 1 1 4 ; Leight. Lich. El!
p. 143, ed. 3, p. 132. Parmelia candelaria var. lychnea Aoh. Meth.
(1803) p. 187. Liehen eanclelarius Eng. Bot. t. 1794 pro parte.
Lichen concolor Dicks, pro parte, and also probably Liehen candelariiis
pro parto of our older authors.—B rit. E xs. : Loight. ii. 1 1 • Larb
Lioh. Hb. n. 162.
The thallus occasionally spreads very extensively over the substratum
Though sometimes growing associated with P. parietina, yet it is entitled
to be regarded as distinct, on account of its manner of growth, its being
much smaller in all its parts, and the absence of transition forms. I t is
not very common in a fertile condition; but the apothecia when present
are numerous.
Hah. On rocks, walls, old pales, and the trunks of trees iu maritime
aud upland districts.—Distr. Rather local and not common in Great
Britain ; apparently rare in N. Ireland.—B. M. : Ilay Tor, Dartmoor,
Devonshire ; near Penzance and St. Austell, Cornwail ; AViiidsor Park,
Berkshire ; Wheatfield Park, Oxfordshire ; Colwall, Herefordshire ;
Malvern, AVorcestershire ; near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ; Aberdovey,
Merionethshire. Lawers, Killin, Perthshire; Fiiidhaveii Hill, Eorfar-
shire ; Durris, Kincardineshire ; Lairg, Sutherlandsliire. Co. Antrim.
Eorm perfusa Njd. ex Lamy Bull. Soo. Bot. t. xxv. (1878) p. 382.
■—Thallus smaller, widely expanded, densely stipate. Apothecia
moderate.
As stated by M. Lamy, I. c., this has the appearance of a granular
crust, though composed of minute, very crowded, thalline laciniæ. Our
British specimens are well fertile.
Hah. On granitic walls of gardens and houses iu maritime and upland
situations.—Distr. Local, in N.E. Scotlaud aud among the N. Graiiipians.
—B. M. : Portlethen, Kincardineshire ; Crathie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Var. (1. pygmæa Nyl. Lioh. Soand. (1861) p. 108.—Thallus
small, determinate ; laciniæ erect, narrowly divided, often almost
rounded, tho margin usually granuloso-pulverulent. Apothecia
moderate ; spores 0 ,0 1 0 -1 4 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -9 mm. th ick .—Borrera
pygmæa Bory in F r. Lich. E u r. (1831) p. 73.
AA’ell distinguished from the type, with which, however, it is confluent
through intermediate stages, hy the very much smaller (almost minute)
thallus, and hy the nearly rounded laciuiæ. The thallus in our specimens
is in small, discrete nodules, and the apothecia, which are numerous, are
somewhat large iu proportion to the size of the plant.
Hab. On exposed granitic walls in an upland district.—Distr. Extremely
local and scarce, aniong the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. ; Ben Lawers,
Perthshire.
B. CINERASCENTES.—Thallus greyish or whitish, raroly brown.
Apotheoia brownish or blackish ; spores 1-septate, brown or
dark-brown ; spermogones black, with spermatia cylindrical or
slightly thickened a t e ith e r apex, ra re lj' aoicular.— Euphyscia
Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1887) p. 78.
a. Spermogones with cylindrical or subcylindrical spermatia.
6. P. in tr i c a t a Sohær. Enum. (1850) p. 11.—Thallus expanded,
cæspitose, suberect, roundly compressed, laciniate, densely puberulo-
villosc, greyish-glaucous or greyish-brown ; beneath greyish-white,
subcanaliculate ; lacmioe divaricately branched, very much entan
g led ( K / , C aC l/) . Apotheoia late ra l, sessile, moderate, plane or