" i t i
or very shortly branched; the branches obtuse, usually imperforate
and shortly denticulate a t the apices. Spores 0 ,0 0 8 -9 mm. long.
—Cromb. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvii. p. 561.— Cladina uncialis
f. ohtusata Leight. Lioh. Fl. ed. 3, p. 68. Cenomyce uncialis i.
ohtusata Ach. Lieh. Univ. (1810) p. 559. Coralloides imperforatum
corniculis brevissimis crispís Dill. Muse. 1 00, t. 16. f. 12.
The short (4 in. to 1 in. long), inflated, decumbent podetia, with their
thickened and frequently dark brown apices, characterize this form. In
more branched specimens the podetia are somewhat aggregate, but when
simpler they are often somewhat discrete, owing to the nature of the
habitat. The apothecia are extremely rare, and even the spermogones
are seldom visible.
Hah. In peat bogs on upland and subalpine moorlands. —Distr. Apparently
local and scarce in N. VVale.s, S. Scotland, among the Grampians,
and in S.E. and N.AV. Ireland.—B. AI. : Snowdon, Carnarvonshire. New
Galloway, Kirkcudbrightsbire ; Craig Oalliacb and Aloor of Rannoch,
Perthshire ; Gleu Candlic and Ben Alacdhui, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Kylemore, co. Galway ; Acbavanagb, co. Y ’icldow.
4. C. amaurocrsea Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro E. e t Fl. Fenn. Forh.
n . s. V. (1866) p. 111.— Podetia slender, close, erect, glabrous, subulate,
more or less branched, sparingly and narrowly soyphiferous,
straw-coloured or whitish straw-coloured ; soyphi dentatorioristatc, or
subulato-spinulose a t the margins, often proliferous, rarely perforate
a t th e axils (K —, K (CaCl) J-yellow). Apotheoia somewhat small
or moderate, brown or pale-testaoeous ; spores oblong, 0,009-12 mm.
long, 0,0035 mm. thick.—Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 22.— Cladina
amauroercea Leight. Lich. F l. p. 74, ed. 3, p. 67. Cladonia amauro-
cnea Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 27. Capitularia amauroercea Plorke in
Web. et Alohr, Beitr. ii. (1810) p. 334.—As observed in Grevillea,
xi. p. 115, var. myrioercea (? Fldrke) Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 27, Exs.
n. 18, is referable to some condition of Cladonia fu rca ta ra th e r th an
to this species ; b u t th e specimens seen are imperfect.
From the closely allied C. uncialis this, when well developed, i.s easily
known by the podetia being scyphiferous, more slender, and close. When
ascyphous, as it often occurs, it is apt to be confounded with th at species,
though even then it must be regarded as distinct. AVith us the apothecia
are very rare, and the spermogones only occasionally present.
Hah. On the ground in moist places amongst heaths in upland and
subalpine regions.—Disfo-. Found sparmgly among the Grampians, Scotland,
and iu N.Y’. Ireland.—B. M. ; Rannoch Aloor, Perthsliire ; Ben-
naboord and Glen Dee (frt.), Braemar, Aberdeensliire. Near Kylemore,
CO. Galway.
Subsp.^ C. destricta Nyl. ex Norrl. Sallsk. pro F . e t F l. Fenn.
Forh. xiii. (1873) p. 321.— Podetia short, more or less verruoose, not
close, b u t vaguely directed, muoh branched, ascyphous, straw-coloured
or greenish-grey ; branches short, subulate or furcate a t the apices.
Apotheoia not seen.—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1876. p. 360, Grevillea,"
i i.p . 115.— Cladonia arrumroerce.a i. destricta Nyl. Scand. (1861) p. 59 ’.
Cladonia amauroercea c. depressa Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 28.— Brit.
Exs. : Aludd, n. 18, Clad. n. 64. To this is probably referable Mudd,
Clad. n. 63, as an atypical state.
AVell distinguisbed as a siib.species by the vaguely directed ascyphous
podetia. I t appears on the summits of the higher Grampians iu the form
of rotundate tufts of moderate size, and along with a small form of Lyco-
podium Selago L. often constitutes the scanty vegetation of the granitic
and schistose detritus. The débris of the podetia, broken by the tread of
sheep or the red deer, may he found extensively scattered over tbe ground
(cfr. Lamy, Lich. Alt. Dor. p. 23). I t is never fertile.
Hab. On sterile moorlands and mountains from upland to alpine regions.
■—Distr. Local in N. Wales, N. England, and S. Scotland ; but usually
abundant among the Grampians, Scotland, especially in Braemar.—B. AI. ;
Snowdon, Carnarvonshire; Baysdale and Guisboro’ Moors, Cleveland,
I ’orkshire. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Ben Lawers, Perthshire
; Alorrone and Cairngorm, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis,
Inverness-shire.
Series I I I . R a in a lo d s i Nyl. Alem. Soo. Cherb. iii. (1855) p. 170.
Thallus frutioulose or filamentose, erect or pendulous, rounded,
compressed, or angulose, corticate on both sides, destitute of leaflets,
granules or basal crust, internally hollow or solid. Apotheoia
usually lecanorine, rarely lecideine or difform ; spores ellipsoid and
simple, or oblong and 1 -3 -septate ; paraphyses either no t discrete
or sometimes discrete. Spermogones with sterigmata either simple
or pauoi-articulate, and stra ig h t, rarely curved spermatia.
This series is distinguisbed from the preceding by the naked thallus
and the absence of a basal crust. Though more compact and better
limited than Cladodei, tbe tribes and genera of which it is composed differ
considerably from each other. There are, however, close and important
links which render the series a very natural one.
Tribo V II. E O C C E L L E I Nyl. Mem. Soo. Cherb. iii. (1855)
p. 170.
Thallus subsimple or branched, rounded or compressed, suhoarti-
laginous, erect, or a t length somewhat pendulous, in ternally entirely
filled with a filamentose medulla. Apothecia lecanorine, lecideine,
or irregular, lateral or terminal, adnate or in n a te ; spores Snae (or
6use), oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate, colourless ; paraphyses discrete.
Spermogones immersed : sterigmata simple or suhsimple.
A distinct tribe, comprising two small genera, one of which, Combea,
is exotic. Tbe species are maritime, occurring on rocks, occa.sionally on
trees, chiefly in warm regions, where they occupy the place of the maritime
Ramalinas of colder climates, towards which iu habit and various
characters tliey approach. They yield a valuable purple dye—tbe well-
known “ Orcliill ” of commerce,
i <1