Hah. Among mosses on roeks iu subalpino regions.—Distr. Only very
.sparingly in \V. England and the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M. :
North llill, Alalvern, Worce-stershire. Ben Lawer.s, Perthshire.
12. P. aquila Nyl. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. sér. 3, i. (1856) p. 309.
— Thallus suborbicular, apprcssed, narrowly laciniate, chestnut-
brown ; beneath pale and spariugly blackish-fibrilloso ; laoiniæ m ultipa
rtite, somewhat convex, explánate a t th e ciroumferenco, imbri-
cato-cougcstod ( K / , C aC l/) . Apotbecia adnate, moderate, concave
or somewhat plane, brownish-black, tho margin tumid, sub-
cronato ; spores 0,030-44 mm. long, 0,018-25 mm. thiok.—Cromb.
Lioh. Brit. p. 39 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 153, od. 3, p. 142.—Borrera
aquila, Aludd, Alan. p. 111. Parmelia aquila Gray, Nat. Arr. i.
p. 441 ; Hook. El. Scot. ii. p. 54 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 203 ; Tayl. in
Alack. El. Hih. ii. p. 143. Lichen aquilas Aoh. Prodr. (1798)
p. 109 ; Eng. Bot. t. 982. Lichen gmllus Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 825.
Lichen fuscus Huds. El. Angl. ed. 2, p. 533. Lichen ohseurus With.
Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 28. Lichenoides angustifolium fuscum, scutellis
p u llis Dill. Muse. 175, t. 24. f. 69.— B rit. Exs. : Leight. n. 144 ;
Larb. Cæsar. n. 23; Dicks. Hort. Sio. 25 ; Bohl. n. 111.
Easily recognized hy its chestnut-brown, narrowly laciniate thallus,
and by its saxioolous habitat. The thallus, of which the cortical layer
presents intricate tubulose cavities, is sometimes widely expanded, in
wliich case in old plants it occasionally becomes zonately centrifugal.
States occasionally occur with us passing into var. stippen (Ach.), hut not
sufficiently typical. The apothecia are common, sometimes very numerous
and crowded, w ith the spores often thicker at one or the other apex.
Tlie spermogones also are not unfrequent.
Hah. On rocks in maritime districts, rarely on hills at some distance
from the sea iu upland tracts.—Distr. General and not uncommon on
most of the rocky coasts of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel
Islands ; very abundant on the coast of Kincardineshire in N.E. Scotland.
B. AI.; Pe tit Port, Island of Jersey; Island of Guernsey. Near
Chichester, Sussex ; Torquay, Bolt Head, Hay Tor, Dartmoor, and near
Okehampton, Devonshire; 'femple Aloor, Stoneyford, Penzance, The
Lizard, Roche rocks, and Helminton, Cornwall ; Alynydd-y-AIyfyr, near
Oswestry, Shropshire ; near Tenby, Pembrokeshire ; Barmouth and
Harlech Castle, Alerionethshire; Llanberis, Carnarvonshire; Holyhead,
Island of Anglesea ; Douglas Head, I.sle of Alan ; Holy Island, North-
Ballycotton and Alizeu Head, co. Cork ; Kenmare River, co. Kerry ;
Coimemara, co. Galway ; Ardglass, co. Down.
13. P. stellaris Nyl. Flora, 1870, p. 38.—Thallus orbicular,
stellari-appressed, multifido-laoiniate, white, greyish or glaucous-
white ; beneath whitish, w ith greyish fibrillose rhizinæ ; laciniæ sublinear,
convex, contiguous C aC l/) . Apothecia submoderate,
sessile, brovvnisb-blaok, oæsio-pruinose or naked th e thalline
margin entire or crenate ; spores 0 ,0 1 6 -2 4 mm. long] 0 ,0 0 to l l mm.
th io k—Cromb. Grovillea, xv. p. 78.— Parmelia stellaris Hook. 1 1.
Scot.'ii. p. 55 pro parto ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. pro parte. L u h m
stelUris Limi. Sp. PL (1753) p. 1144 ; Ach. Prodr p. I l l - B o r rp a
ohscura p. chloantha (non Aoh.) Mudd, Alan. p. 110. ^ Physcia retio-
gressa Stirt. Trans. Glasg. Soo. Nat. 1 8 /o , p. 8o vix As
ffiiserved by Acliarius (Meth. p. 209) the synonymy was then (as it
still is) for tho most p a rt doubtful. I t is, however, t to p lan t ot
Linnæus according to specimens in his he rb arium .— Brii. Lxs. ;
Mudd, 11. 81.
Distinguished irom P. pulverulenta and its 7 ^ ® * ^ ‘¿ I
epriiiiiose thallus, which does not become greenish wlieu moist, 7 /- 7
the smaller spores. I t has been almost always confounded tyitli the fol-
l o F i n F s 3 and especially with its var, p. The apMhecia are numerous,
rfiiefly central, with the margin often ileximse.
T,re not luifrequent, with spermatia equally cylindrical, 0,004o uiin. lo
scarcely 0,001 min. tliick. _ I t is a variable plant, presenting the varieties
aud subspecies to he described.
Hah. Cn the tranks and branches of trees hy roadsides, and i" «ivemieB
of lowland and upland tra c ts .-D ih ir. Seen only from a very few localities
in N. England and the Grampians, Scotlaud; iffiin "
wliere—13. AI. : Near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Innlaiig, Killin,
Perthshire ; Aionaltrle House, Ballater, Aberdeenshire.
Var. p . le p ta le a Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 4 2 5 .-T h a llu s narrowly
laciniate ; laciniæ discrete, appressed, fibrilloso-ciliahe at tho margins,
th e cilia whitish or brownish ; otherwise as in th e typo.—Cromb.
Lieh. Brit. p. 39 ; Leight. Lich. El. p. 151, ed 3, p.
leptaleus Ach. Prodr. a 7 9 8 ) p. 108. Borrera /«spida Aludd, Ala .
p. 106. Lichenoides hispulum minus et tenenus, scutellis nigris Di .
AIuso. t. 20. f . 46, A, B , D.
DiSers iu the narrower, more discrete, and marginally eiliate lacmiæ.
Tt must not he coufounded, as has sometimes been done, with less fornicate
states of the following subspecies. The apothecia, which are not
unfrequent, vary similarly to those of the type.
Hab. Cn the trunks of trees, rarely on rocks in loViato and uffiand
districts.-Dihri-. Gccurs only t o e and there throughout ^ " g to d , m
N Wales S.W. and Central Scotland ; rare in Ireland --B . M. . bt.
Leonard’s Eorest, Sussex ; Lymington, Hants ; Biadmg, Isle of Wight ;
Bolt Head S Devou ; n e a r Penzance, Cornwall ; Cswesfry, Shropshii e ,
S o v e F Merionethshire; Island of Anglesea ; near Gainsford, Durc
ham Near Edinhui-o-li ; Appin, Argyleshire ; Kilhn and Blairdrummond,
t o t k t o e ; to ch te îh o ’userUor&rehire; Cults, near Aberdeen. Carri-
galoe, Cork Harbour.
Var. y. su h o h s cu ra Nyl. Sallsk. E. ot El. Eenn. Eorii. iv.
11859) p. 239 ; Syu. i. p. 4 2 6 .-T h a lliis greyish or greyish-biowu,
beneath w h ite with scarcely any rh iz inæ ; lacimæ s to r t, narrow,
th e marg in al cilia blackish or dark ; otherwise as in th e preceding
■rill