proliferous) scyphi. As these characters seem to be constant, it may be
regarded as constituting a distinct variety rather than a less developed
form. The apotliecia, which are “ marginal and minute ” (Ach.), do not
occur in our British specimens.
Hab. On the ground and tops of walls in upland districts.—Histr.
Probably not imfrequent, tbougli seen only from a few localities in S. and
N. England, N. AVales, S. and N.E. Scotland, and tbe S. Grampians.—
B. AI.: Lanivet, Cornwall; Aberdovey, Slerionetli; Easby, Cleveland,
A^orksbire. New Galloway, Eirkcudbrigbtsbire; Killin, Pe rthshire;
Countesswells, near Aberdeen.
Form ex ig u a Cromb. Grevillea, xi. (1883) p. 112.—Podetia very
short, whitish- or g re jlsh -p u lv e ru lo n t; soyphi narrow, simple, brown
within, th e margin en tire.— Lichen p y x id a tu s ij. exiguus Huds. Fl.
Angl. ed. 2 (1778), p. 552. Scyphophora conista p . exilis (Aoh.),
Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 421. Lichen J iliformis var. 2, AA^ith. Arr.
ed. 3, iv. p. 39. Goralloides scyphis humilihus, in tu s fu sc is Dill.
AIuso. 86, t. 14. f. 11.
Probably only an accidental state, differing in the entire margin of the
scyphi and tlieir bright-brown colour iu the interior, though, as indicated
by Acharius (Licb. Univ. p. 535, cfr. Meth. p. 338), this may become
blackish in age. In the British specimens seen, which are sterile, the
podetia are numerous and crowded.
Hah. On the ground upon upland heaths.—Distr. Apparently very
local and scarce in E. England.—B. AI.; Epping Forest, Essex.
Var. y . tuhsBformis Er. Lioh. E u r. (1831) p. 22.—Podetia some-
w h a t elongate, cylindrioal, pulverulent, white, soyphiferous; soyphi
narrow, regular, en tire or slightly c renulate a t th e m argins.—Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 19.— Cladonia p y x id a ta var. fim h ria ta f. tuhceformis
Loight. Lich. F l. p. 62, ed. 3, p. 58. Cladonia p y x id a ta E. tiibm-
fo rm is Mudd, Man. p. 54, Brit. Clad. p. 10. Cladonia p y x id a ta
var. tuhaiformis Hoffm. Deutsoh. Fl. ii. (1791) p. 122.—B rit. E x s . ;
Leight. n. 3 7 7 ; Mudd, n. 7.
The cylindrical and usually more elongate podetia, with their narrower
scyphi, distinguish this variety, wdiich is most frequently seen only in a
juvenile condition. In this country, as elsewhere, the apothecia are
apparently very rare, though the spermogones are occasionally visible.
Hah. On tbe ground and rotten stumps in wooded upland tracts.—
Distr. Not very general nor frequent, occurring only here and there in
England, N. Wales, and Scotland : not seen from Ireland.—Diste. AVal-
thamstow, Essex; New Forest, Hants; near Bovey Tracey, S. Devon;
St. Breward, Cornwall; Charlton Camp, Oxfordshire; Shrewsbury,
Shropshire; near AAtercester ; Barmouth, Alerionetbsbire; Ayton, Cleveland,
Yorkshire. Barcaldine, Argyleshire; Craigforth, Stirling; Glen
Lochay and Eannoch, Perthshire ; Countesswells, near Aberdeen.
Fo rm m a c ra Cromb. Grevillea, x i.(1 8 8 3 ) p. 112.—Podetia short,
cylindrical, slender, w h itish -p u lv e ru len t; soj'phi narrow, the margin
en tire.— Cladonia p y x id a ta p. fim h ria ta F . macra Mudd, Man.
p. 54, Brit. Clad. p. 9. Capitularia p y x id a ta c. macra Florke in
Web. e t Mohr, Beitr. ii. (1810) p. 290.—B rit. E xs. : Mudd, Clad,
n. 12 .
The much shorter and slender podetia aud tbe narrow scyphi characterize
this form, which is entirely referable to tbe above variety.
AVith us it is scarcely, if ever, seen fertile.
wood Forest, Leicestershire ; Cleveland, Yorkshire. Barcaldine, Argylesliire.
Castlemartyr, co. Cork.
Var. g. c a rn e o p a llid a Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 195.—Podetia moderate,
narrow, scyphiferous, whitish or g re en ish -white-pulverulent;
soyphi narrow, crenate and sometimes proliferous a t the margins.
Apotheoia small, pale flesh-coloured.—Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 112.—
Cladonia p y x id a ta i. carneopallida Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 11. G a ff-
tularia p ijx id a ta y. carneopallida Plorke in AVeb. e t Alohr, Beitr.
ii. (1810) p. 304. Cladonia carneóla Aludd, Man. p. 56 (exol.
syn.).
Somewhat similar to the preceding variety, from all states of which it
differs in the colour of the apothecia. In this respect it approaches to
C. carneóla Fr., with which it has occasionally been confounded. Tbe
two British specimens seen are only sparmgly fertile.
Hah. On putrid trunks of trees in upland woods.—Distr. Seeu only
from E. England; no doubt to be detected elsewhere.—B. AI.: Eppiug
Forest and Snaresbrook, Essex.
Subsp. C. fib u la Nyl. ex Norrl. Aledd. Soo. pro F . et Fl. Fonn.
(1876) p. 12.— Podetia elongate, slender, simple, suboylindrioal,
white-pulverulent; scyphi narrow or none (K —, CaCl — ). Apothecia
small, brownj usually aggregate.—Cromb. Grovillea, xi.
p. 112.— Cladonia p y x id a ta e. cornuta k. fib u la Mudd, Brit. Clad,
p. 13. Liehen fibula Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 194. Scyphophora f im hriata
S. fib u la ria Gray, Nat. A rr. i. p. 420.
Tbe form of tbe podetia, which are 1-2 in. long, warrant this being
regarded as a subspecies. In the British specimens the podetia are
usuaUy ascyphous and well-fertile. From it apparently descend the
varieties and forms th at follow, all of which are connected by inter-
mediate states.
Hab. On decaying stumps and on tbe ground among mosses in wooded
upland districts.—Dí'sír. Gathered only very sparingly in S.AV. England,
S. Scotland, the S.AV. Highlands, and among the S. Grampians.—B. M. ;
Dartmoor, Devonshire. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Barcaldine,
Argyleshire ; Glen Lochay, Killin, Perthshire.
Form a b o rtiv a Cromb. GreviUea, xi. (1883) p. 112.— Podetia
elongate, ra th e r thicker, white-pulverulent, obtuse or obscurely
soyphiferous a t th e ap ic es; soyphi suborenate and somewhat dila