t mules) sublobulalo-ooncresoent or sub-dispersed (K + ycllowish,
tb en blood-red, CaCl —). Apotheoia moderate, plane, oocasionally
slightly convex, brown or reddish-brown, th e thallino margin
entire, a t length excluded ; spores obloiig or eylindrioo-oblong,
simple, 0 ,0 2 1 -2 7 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -7 mm. tbiok ; hymenial gelatin
e bluish, th en wino-red with iodine.
A very distinct species of which the type does not occur in this
country, but only the folloiving form, which seems to descend from var.
castanea (Hepp), Nyl., also iinlmown in Britain.
Form curvesoens Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F . et FL Fenn. Forh.
n. ser. v. (1866) p. 135 (n o ta ).—Thallus very th in , minutely gra nuloso
squamulose, dark roddish-brown. Apotbecia w ith tho
t b j h n e margin often indexed ; spores fusiform, a t times spuriously
1 -3 -se p ta te , oocasionally somewhat curved, 0 ,0 3 0 -3 4 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. th io k .-C rom b . Lich. Brit. p. 53 ; Leight. Lich. Fl.
p. 214, ed. 3, p. 199.—Pannaria curvescens Aludd, Alan. ("1861)
p. 125, t. 2. f. 38. > V t
The tballus is visible only here and there upon the substratum, from
winch, when less developed, it is scarcely distinguishable. The apothecia
are but sparingly present, with the thalliue margin at length obliterated.
XfaJ. Encrusting mosses (Andreæas and Grimmias) in an alpine situation.—
Extremely local aud rare on one of the S. Grampiaus, Scot-
land.—B. JM . : Summit of Ben Lawers, Perthshire.
G. Apotheoia leoanorine ; spores 8iiæ, simple, colourless. Sperme-
gones w ith simple sterigm ata and long stra ig h t spermatia.
1 4L L. atra Aoh. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 334 (exol. vars. /3, y ) ;
JNyl. Act. Soo. Lmn. Bord. sér. 3, t. i. p. 3 3 6 .—Thallus determinate,
somewhat thick, g ran u la te or verrucoso-unequal, wh itish or greyisb-
white (K + yellowish, C a C l - ) ; hypothallus tb in , blackish, limiting
th e thallus. Apothecia moderate, sessile, plane or slightly convex,
black, in te rn ally blackisb ; th e th allin e margin en tire or suberenu-
late, often flexuose; spores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 5 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 6 -8
mm. thick ; paraphyses robust, no t discrete, violet-coloured, darker
a t th e apices ; hymenial gelatine bluish w ith iodine.—Hook. Fl
Soot. 11. p. 47 ; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 186 ; Tayl. in Alack. F l. Hib. ii.
p. 133 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 145 pro pa rte ; Cromb. Liob. B rit p 54 ■
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 194, ed. 3, p. 177.— Binodina atra Gray, N a t’.
A rr. 1. p. 449. Lichen ater, Huds. Fl. Angl. i. (1762) p 445 •
te g h tf. Fl. Soot. _ii. p. 8 1 3 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 1 8 ; Eng. Bot’.
t. 949. Lichenoides crustaceum et leprosum, scutellis nigricantihus
^najorihus et minoribus, Dill, in Kay, Syn. 71, 43 pro parte, AIuso.
133, t. 18. f. 15 A,— B n t. Exs. : Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 10, 54.
Aluch resembles L. subfusca var. coilocarpa and L. gangaleoides, which
are frequently mixed up ivith it iu Herbaria. From both of thesl, how-
IL 7 m distinguished by the colour internally of the apotliecia
and by th at J the paraphyses. The thallus varies so'mewhat hi thickness
and is often widely expanded. The apothecia are generally nume-
lous and somewhat crowded. Ih e spermogones also are frequent, with
spermatia long, slender, someivhat straight, 0,018-26 mm. long.
Hab. On rocks, walls, and the trunks of trees from maritime to subalpine
regions.—DisZr. General and common in Great Britain, as no
J u b t also in Ireland. Apparently rare in the Channel Islands.—B. M. :
Maud of Sark Near Yarmouth, Suffolk; Reigate Ilill, Surrey; Lydd
Beadi, K e n t; New Forest, Hants ; llsham Walk, Torquay, Devoisl.ire ;
St. Almvei, Cornwall; Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Cheveley Park aud
near iNewmaiket, Gambndgesliire; AVorcester and Alalvern Hills, AVor-
cestershire; Woodbeld, Alonmouthshire ; Dolgelly, lAIerioneth ; Island
n t Ano*UianQ • i IoxxtzaciFJ Anglesea; Oswert«r.y,- Shropshire;. cSijt aveil ey tH-Ve ad, Westmore_land;
ht. Bees and Alston, Cumherland. Near Glasgow; Barcaldine and Appin
Argyleshire; West AVater, Fifeshire; Loch Tay, Craig Tulloch, Ben
Lawers. anrl Kinnnnl Will P oa+IaoLiIi,«. . ta i-i.-i-i t7 • ’ L .u cn lay ,u ra ig - X u ilo c li, J5en
Lawers, and Kinnoid Hill, Perthshire; Portlethen, Kincardineshire;
Hill of Ardo, near Aberdeen. Near Cork ; Killaloe, co. Clare ; Dawros
Coimemara, co. Galway. ’ ^
Var. p . grumosa Aob. Liob. Univ. (1810) p. 3 44.—Tballus
rimoso-granulate, cæsio-greyisb, leproso-fatisoent. Apothecia depressed,
subrimate.—Lichen grumosus, Pers. in Ust Ann xi 11794)
p. 15. ■ • J
Differs in the characters given of the thallus (which is usually thickish)
and of the apothecia. I t is probably connected with the type by inter-
mediate states. ^ ^
Hah. On rocks and walls in (.?) maritime and upland district.s.—DfsZr.
Only from two ocalities m S. Wales and N.AV. England, though I believe
Gt ™ Scotland (near Cove, Kincardineshire).—B. M
Woodbeld, Alonmouthshire; Brougham Castle, Westmoreland.
? V ar. y. subbyssoidea Stirt. Trans. Glasg. Soc. Nat. 1875, p. 85
—Thallus granulose, greyish-black or nearly black, effigulate at
th e circumferenoe; hypothallus white, subbyssoid.—Leight Lioh
F l. ed. 3, p. 178.
Doubtfully referable to tbis species, as I have indicated in Grevillea
xvm. p. 70. I t is at once separated by the colour o fth e hypothallus and
is most probably referable to L. gangaleoides. I have, however, seen no
specimen.
Hab. On rocks in an upland situation.—DAZr. Only amon»the Central
Grampians, Scotland (Blair Athole, Perthshire). °
H . Apotheoia leoanorine ; spores 8næ, simple, colourless; hymemal
gelatine bluish with iodine. Spermogones w ith jo in ted sterigmata
and baoillar spermatia.
145. L. badia Ach. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 407.—Tballus indeterm
in ate, granulato-areolate or subsquamulose, olive-brown or
darb-greyisb-browD, somewhat shining ( K - , C a C l- ) ; hypothallus
2 g 2