a])icos aud margins ; soredia large. Apotheoia no t seen.—Cromb.
Grevillea, vii. p. 141.—ParmsUa farinacea I. phalerata Ach. Meth.
(1803) p. 264. Lichen farinaceus var. 2, With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 50.
Lichenoides segmnitis angustioribus, ad margines verrucosis et pulve-
ridentis Dill. I . c. u , e .
Probablv a stunted state ; in size and general aspect like small conditions
of É. fastigiata, but separated by tlie soredia. I t is apparently
always sterile.
Ilnh. Oil tlie tranks of trees.—Distr. Only one locality in S. England ;
no doubt to be detected elsewhere.—B. AI. : Stowe Park, Buckingliam-
sliire.
Subsp. R. intermedia Nyl. ex Lamy, Bull. Soc. Bot. F r. t. xxv.
(1878) p. 380 (obs.).—Thallus smaller, smooth, not nervose; otherwise
as in the type.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 47 .—Ramalina intermedia
Del. ex Nyl. Bull. Soo. Linn. Normand, ser. 2, t. iv. (1870)
p. 1 0 6 ; Cromb. Joiirii. Bot. 1873, p. 1 3 2 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. ed. 3,
p. 90.—B r it. E.VS.: Larb. Lioh. Hb. ii. 248.
Distinguisbed bv the generally smaller size and especially by the smooth
tballus. From R. suhfarinacea, which it closely resembles, it a t once
differs in tlie absence of any reaction with K on the medulla or the
soredia. Tlie apotbecia are very rare, and in our specimens the spermogones
are absent.
Ilab. On the branches of shrubs in maritime districts.—Distr. Local
and scarce in tbe Channel Islands, S.W. England, the W. Highlands of
Scotland, aud N.W. Ireland.—B. AI. : Near Aloulin Bay, Island of Sark.
Near Penzance, Cornwall; Annet Island, Scilly (frt.). Black Island,
Appin, Argylesliire. Killery Bay, Connemara, co. Galway.
4. E . fraxinea Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 602.—Thallus sub-
rigid, compressed,sublineari-laciiiiate, g re en ish-grey; laciniæ longitu
d in a lly rugose or nerved, or p a rtly also transversely rugulose,
somowhat a tten u ate towards the extremities (medulla K—). Apotheoia
pedicellate, moderate or large, carnoo-testaoeous or glaucous,
concave or plane, marginal and superficial, th e receptacle unequally
rugose ; spores oblong or oblongo-ellipsoid, curved, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 6 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. thiok.—Hook. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 68 ; Sm. Eng. FL
V. p . 2 2 6 ; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 8 4 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. ed. 2,
p. 472, ed. 3, p. 85.— Ramalina calicaris a. fra x in e a Aludd, Alan,
p. 73 ; Cromb. Lieh. Brit. p. 25 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 94. Lichen
fraxine.us Linn. Sp. PI. (1763) p. 1146 ; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 541
pro parto ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 56 pro pa rte ; En g . Bot. t. 1781.
Lichenoides longifolium rugosum rigidum Dill. AIuso. 165, t. 22.
f. 59 A, B. Lichenoides arboreum ramosum scutellatum, majus et
rigidius, colore virescente Dill, in Eay, Syn. ed, 3, p. 75, n. 79 pro
p a rte .—B r it. E xs. : Bohl. n. 21 pro pa rte ; Leight. n. 38 pro p a rte ;
Mudd, 11. 42 pro parte.
The varied length and breadth of the laciniæ give rise to several
varieties and forms. Tbe common and typical condition is th a t described
(yar. tænioeformis Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 6Ò3). From R. calicaris it maybe
recognized by the always broader rugose laciniæ, by the rugose receptacle
of the Ipger apothecia, and especially by the form of the spores. The
apothecia are usually very abundant, and are often scattered on both sides
of the thaUus. The spermogones are also frequent, with spermatia
0,004 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick.
Hub. On the trunks of old trees in open places, and iu forests in lowland
and upland districts.—Distr. General aud common where it occurs
throughout Great Britain ; apparently rare in Irelaud.—B. M .; Epping
Forest,^Essex; near Glyude, Sussex; Brading Downs, Isle of Wight?
New Forest, Hants; uear Penzance, Cornwall; Cirencester, Gloucestershire;
Harboro’ Magna, Warwickshire; Cliragunford and near Shrewsbury,
Shropshire; Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, Durham; Winder-
mere, AVestmoreland ; Alston, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbriglitshire;
near Moffiit, Dumfriesshire; Hoslin and near Edinburgh,
iVi 7/'i 1/v4-V.i .vio • 71 ^ 1 /-I 7 V» A L - 77« . TD1 - I -- A j.I_ _T_ TV . j i i • t v i
Killarney, co. Kerry.
Var. p . ampliata Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 603.—Thallus
dilated, lanceolato-difform, or broadly lobed, obtuse at tho apices,
longitudinally oostato-rugose, transversely subreticulato-riigoso.
Apotheoia and spores as in the ty p e .—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1872,
p. 12 ; Loight. Lioh. F l. ed. 2, p. 473, ed. 3, p. 86.—Parmelia
fra x in e a y . ampliata Aoh. Aleth. (1803) p. 259. Lichenoides longifo
lium rugosum rigidum Dill. AIuso. I. c. o.— B rit. Exs. : Leight.
u. 38 pro pa rte ; Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 286 ; Bohl. n. 21 pro parte.
Tbe laciniæ are more dilated and coarsely rugose, though when younger
they more resemble the type. Oocasionally the thallus is stunted and
deformed. The apothecia are usually abundant, often superficial, large,
and when young rather concave. The spermogones are very frequent on
deformed states.
^ Hah. On the trunks of old trees, chiefly oak and ash, in wooded upland
distriets.—Distr. Local and scarce in Great Britain ; not observed in
Ireland.—B, JI. : Brandon, Sufiolk; Epping Forest, Essex ; New Forest,
Hants; Dartmoor, Devonshire; Bavtonburv, Gloucestershire; Damlev!
Derbysliire ; Alfric, AVorcestershire; Oswestry, Shropshire; Barmoutli
and Aberdovey, Alerionetbsbire ; Island of Anglesea ; Teesdale, Durham ;
East Allendale, Cuiiiberlahd. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire •
Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Abergeldie, Aberdeenshire. °
Form monophylla Cromb. Grevillea, vii. (1879) p. 141.—Thallus
simple, very broad, ohlongo-rotundate, subreticulately oostato-
rugose. Apothecia as in the preceding.
Its simple thallus gives this a leaf-like appearance, but prohahly it is
not constant. The apothecia are numerous and chiefly superficial.
Hah. On an aged oak in a wooded upland district.—Distr. Observed
only in S. England.—B. M. : New Forest, Hants.
Var. y . calicariformis Nyl. Bull. Soo. Linn. Normand, ser. 2, iv.
(1870) p. 136.—Thallus a tten u a te ; laciniæ longitudinally rugose
or nerved and sparingly transversely rugulose. Apotheoia marginal
and subterminal, th e receptacle rugose; spores curved, 0 ,0 1 0 -1 7
mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -6 mm. th ick .—Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1882, p. 272.